42-398: REC Limited , formerly Rural Electrification Corporation Limited , is an Indian public sector company which finances and promotes power projects across India. It provides loans to Central/State Sector Power Utilities in the country, State Electricity Boards , Rural Electric Cooperatives, NGOs and Private Power Developers. It is a subsidiary of Power Finance Corporation (PFC) and is under
84-508: A Miniratna and have 4 independent directors on its board before it can be made a Navratna. PSUs in India are also categorized based on their special non-financial objectives and are registered under Section 8 of Companies Act , 2013 (erstwhile Section 25 of Companies Act, 1956). Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) can be classified as Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs) or State Public Sector Undertakings (SPSUs). CPSUs are administered by
126-515: A common goal of Rural Electrification (RE) and rural energy development. Today, RECIPMT conducts regular programmes on various aspects of Transmission and Distribution for national and international executives in the power sector, including seminars participated by both private and public utilities. Programmes focus on adoption of innovative and cost effective modern technologies, training in both conventional and non-conventional energy areas and practical demonstrations via an in-house Energy Park. EESL
168-515: A revenue of about ₹24,430,000,000,000 + ₹1,000,000,000,000 during the financial year 2018–19. When India achieved independence in 1947, it was primarily an agrarian entity, with a weak industrial base. There were only eighteen state-owned Indian Ordnance Factories , previously established to reduce the dependency of the British Indian Army on imported arms. The British Raj had previously elected to leave agricultural production to
210-429: A self-sufficient, largely agrarian, communal village-based existence for India in the first half of the 20th century. Other contemporary criticisms of India's public sector targeted the lack of well-funded schools, public libraries, universities, hospitals and medical and engineering colleges; a lack seen as impeding an Indian replication of Britain's own industrialization in the previous century. Post-Independence,
252-623: A sole lender or co-lender or in consortium with or without the status of lead financer. It also provides consultancy, project monitoring and financial/ technical appraisal support for projects, also in the role of nodal agency for Government of India schemes or projects. It engages in ascertaining financial requirements of power utilities in the country in the T&;D sector along with appraising T&D schemes for financing. REC has financed T&D schemes for system improvement, intensive electrification, pump-set energisation and APDRP Programme. The company
294-472: A year. REC was set up in July 1969, in the backdrop of a critical drought situation facing India in the late sixties. The company’s initial mandate was mainly to help State Electricity Boards energise pump-sets across the country to boost agriculture and overcome the crippling impact of three successive years of deficient monsoons. The company also provided finance to accelerate the pace of rural electrification in
336-836: Is a joint venture (JV) with 4 power PSUs – REC, Powergrid , NTPC , and PFC for implementing energy efficiency projects, promoting usage of energy efficient appliances, promoting the concept of Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) etc. REC is an equity partner in Indian Energy Exchange (IEX) [2] , India’s first nationwide, automated, and online electricity trading platform (power exchange/ electricity market ), among other reputed investors like IDFC , Adani , Reliance Energy , Lanco and Tata Power . Public Sector Undertakings in India Public Sector Undertakings ( PSU ) in India are government-owned entities in which at least 51% of stake
378-498: Is also actively involved in physical as well as financial monitoring of T&D schemes. REC also offers loan products for financing Renewable Energy projects. The company has tied up a line of credit for €100M (approximately ₹ 6000M) with KfW under Indo-German Development Cooperation for financing renewable energy power projects at concessional rates of interest. Eligible projects include solar, wind, small hydro, biomass power, and cogeneration power & hybrid projects GARV APP
420-466: Is an American credit rating agency . It is one of the three nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ( NRSRO ) designated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and is considered as being one of the " Big Three credit rating agencies ", along with Moody's and Standard & Poor's . Fitch Ratings is dual headquartered in New York and London . Hearst owns 100 percent of
462-499: Is an application developed and maintained by REC, incepted to aid the Grameen Vidyutikaran Mission running under DDUGJY (Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana). The App "GARV" (Grameen Vidyutikaran), which provides real-time updates on electrification status of 18452 UE villages, was launched on 14 October 2015 The mobile app is accessible to all stakeholders including the general public at large. The company
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#1732787589844504-897: Is currently among the top 500 Global Financial Services brands by UK-based plc Brand Finance. The company is also among the Forbes Global 2000 companies for 2010. Domestic debt instruments of REC are assigned the highest rating "AAA" by credit rating agencies CRISIL , Fitch and ICRA . Moody’s and Fitch have rated its international credit rating at par with India’s sovereign rating. International collaborations have included past tie-ups for External Commercial Borrowings with Standard Chartered Bank (London), DEPFA Investment Bank Limited (Cyprus) etc. as well as current tie-ups with KfW (Germany) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (Japan) under Official Development Assistance. As an IFC, REC can also issue Infrastructure Bonds and raise funds up to US$ 500M through External Commercial Borrowing in
546-594: Is denoted in %, as of 30 September 2024 ): Currently there are 43 Regional Rural Banks in India, as of 1 April 2020: Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Puducherry Punjab Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal Fitch Group Fitch Ratings Inc.
588-411: Is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress, CPSUs are granted the status of Maharatna , Navaratna , and Miniratna (Category I and II). Following India's independence in 1947, the limited pre-existing industries were insufficient for sustainable economic growth . The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 , adopted during
630-483: Is highly sought after in India due to high pay and its job security , with most preferring candidates with a GATE score. In 1951, there were five PSUs under the ownership of the government. By March 2021, the number of such government entities had increased to 365. These government entities represented a total investment of about ₹ 16,410,000,000,000 as of 31 March 2019. Their total paid-up capital as of 31 March 2019 stood at about ₹200.76 lakh crore. CPSEs have earned
672-742: Is listed on both the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange . Business operations in India are supported by a network of 22 Regional Offices, with its corporate headquarters at Gurugram and a registered office in New Delhi . : The company is primarily engaged in providing finance for rural electrification projects across India and provides loans to Central/ State Sector Power Utilities, State Electricity Boards , Rural Electric Cooperatives, NGOs and Private Power Developers. The company sanctions loan as
714-923: Is the third largest NRSRO rating agency, covering a more limited share of the market than S&P and Moody's, though it has grown with acquisitions and frequently positions itself as a "tie-breaker" when the other two agencies have ratings similar, but not equal, in scale. In September 2011, Fitch Group announced the sale of Algorithmics (risk analytics software) to IBM for $ 387 million. In June 2022, Fitch Group acquired GeoQuant , an AI -driven data and technology company. Fitch Ratings' long-term credit ratings are assigned on an alphabetic scale from 'AAA' to 'D', first introduced in 1924 and later adopted and licensed by S&P . Like S&P, Fitch also uses intermediate +/− modifiers for each category between AA and CCC (e.g., AA+, AA, AA−, A+, A, A−, BBB+, BBB, BBB−, etc.). Investment grade Non-investment grade Fitch's short-term ratings indicate
756-564: Is under the ownership of the Government of India or state governments .These type of firms can also be a joint venture of multiple PSUs. These entities perform commercial functions on behalf of the government. Depending on the level of government ownership, PSUs are officially classified into two categories: Central Public Sector Undertakings ( CPSUs ), owned by the central government or other CPSUs; and State Public Sector Undertakings ( SPSUs ), owned by state governments. CPSU and SPSU
798-611: The Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises . The Department of Public Enterprises (DPE), Ministry of Finance is the nodal department for all the Central Public Sector Undertakings (CPSUs). As of October 2021, there are 13 Maharatnas, 14 Navratnas and 72 Miniratnas (divided into Category 1 and Category 2). Currently there are 12 Nationalised Banks in India (Government Shareholding power
840-508: The National Common Minimum Programme goal of access to electricity for all. Under the scheme, 90% capital subsidy is provided by Government of India for overall cost of projects. Cumulatively till FY10, works in 190,858 villages have been completed and free connections to over 10 million below poverty line (BPL) households have been released. The REC is the nodal agency under the newly launched SAUBHAGYA Yojana by
882-609: The Planning Commission was formed by a cabinet resolution in March 1950 and the Industrial (Development and Regulation) Act was enacted in 1951 with the objective of empowering the government to take necessary steps to regulate industry. The first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru , promoted an economic policy based on import substitution industrialisation and advocated a mixed economy . He believed that
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#1732787589844924-602: The Private sector , with tea processing firms, jute mills (such as the Acland Mill ), railways , electricity utilities, banks, coal mines, and steel mills being just some of the economic entities largely owned by private individuals like the industrialist Jamsetji Tata . Other entities were listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange . Critics of private ownership of India's agricultural and industrial entities—most notably Mahatma Gandhi's independence movement—instead advocated for
966-702: The Second Five-Year Plan , laid the framework for PSUs. The government initially prioritized strategic sectors, such as communication, irrigation, chemicals, and heavy industries , followed by the nationalisation of corporations . PSUs subsequently expanded into consumer goods production and service areas like contracting, consulting, and transportation. Their goals include increasing exports, reducing imports, fostering infrastructure development, driving economic growth, and generating job opportunities. Each PSU has its own recruitment rules and employment in PSUs
1008-482: The administrative control of the Ministry of Power , Government of India . On 20 March 2019, PFC signed an agreement to acquire a 52.63% controlling stake in REC for ₹ 14,500 crore (US$ 1.7 billion). On 28 March, PFC announced that it had completed making the payment for the acquisition and intended to merge REC with itself in 2020. However, REC has maintained that merging PFC-REC is no longer an option. In 2023, REC
1050-763: The central government established the higher Maharatna category, which raises a public sector unit's investment ceiling from ₹1,000 crore to ₹5,000 crores. The Maharatna public sector units can now decide on investments of up to 15 per cent of their net worth in a project while the Navaratna companies could invest up to ₹1,000 crore without explicit government approval. Two categories of Miniratnas afford less extensive financial autonomy. Guidelines for awarding Ratna status are as follows: The average annual Net worth of ₹10,000 crores for three years, OR Average annual Turnover of ₹20,000 crore for three years (against Rs 25,000 crore prescribed earlier) A PSU must first be
1092-471: The company following its acquisition of an additional 20 percent for $ 2.8 billion on April 12, 2018. Hearst had owned 80 percent of the company after increasing its ownership stake by 30 percent on December 12, 2014, in a transaction valued at $ 1.965 billion. Hearst's previous equity interest was 80 percent following expansions on an original acquisition of 20 percent interest in 2006. Hearst had jointly owned Fitch with FIMALAC SA, which held 20 percent of
1134-762: The company until the 2018 transaction. Fitch Ratings and Fitch Solutions are part of the Fitch Group. The firm was founded by John Knowles Fitch on December 24, 1914, in New York City as the Fitch Publishing Company. In 1989, the company was acquired by a group including Robert Van Kampen . In 1997, Fitch was acquired by FIMALAC and was merged with London-based IBCA Limited, a FIMALAC subsidiary. In 2000, Fitch acquired both Chicago-based Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co. (April) and Thomson Financial BankWatch (December). Fitch Ratings
1176-423: The crisis, the government began divesting its ownership of several PSUs to raise capital and privatize companies facing poor financial performance and low efficiency. The public sector undertakings are headed by the head of board of directors also known as chairperson cum managing director cum chief executive officer and a vice chairperson cum deputy managing director cum co-chief executive officer along with
1218-628: The establishment of basic and heavy industry was fundamental to the development and modernisation of the Indian economy. India's second five year plan (1956–60) and the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 emphasized the development of public sector enterprises to meet Nehru's national industrialisation policy. His vision was carried forward by V. Krishnamurthy , a figure known as the "Father of Public sector undertakings in India". Indian statistician Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
1260-509: The global market so as to "support [them] in their drive to become global giants". Financial autonomy was initially awarded to nine PSUs as Navratna status in 1997. Originally, the term Navaratna meant a talisman composed of nine precious gems. Later, this term was adopted in the courts of the Gupta emperor Vikramaditya and Mughal emperor Akbar , as the collective name for nine extraordinary courtiers at their respective courts. In 2010,
1302-621: The mandate of REC was expanded to include financing of all generation projects without limit on size or location. Today, financing of Generation projects has become a major thrust-area of operations for REC, also attracting majority of its private sector borrowers. Since 2005, REC has been appointed nodal agency by Ministry of Power [1] Archived 15 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine for Government of India scheme Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana aimed at building rural electricity infrastructure and household electrification towards
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1344-725: The members of the board of directors also known as executive director cum c-level officer who are Group 'A' gazetted officers appointed by the President of India in case of central public sector undertakings, its subsidiaries & its divisions and appointed by the Governor of States of India in case of state public sector undertakings, its subsidiaries & its divisions. All of the public sector undertakings have been awarded additional financial autonomy. Public Sector Undertakings are government establishments that have comparative advantages", giving them greater autonomy to compete in
1386-495: The national consensus turned in favor of rapid industrialisation of the economy, a process seen as the key to economic development, improved living standards and economic sovereignty. Building upon the Bombay Plan , which noted the necessity of government intervention and regulation in the economy, the first Industrial Policy Resolution announced in 1948 laid down in broad strokes such a strategy of industrial development. Later,
1428-431: The overall context of planned programmes for increased agricultural production. Besides finance, REC also offered appraising, consultancy, technical support and monitoring of projects, to assist State Electricity Boards/Power Utilities, Rural Electric Cooperatives and other such institutions. Liberalisation by the Government of India (GoI) in 1991 saw introduction of amendments to existing laws and reform measures enabling
1470-404: The potential level of default within a 12-month period. Launched in 2008, Fitch Solutions offers a range of fixed-income products and professional development services for financial professionals. The firm also distributes Fitch Ratings' proprietary credit ratings, research, financial data, and analytical tools. The main credit rating agencies , including Fitch, were accused of misrepresenting
1512-560: The present Modi government . In 1979, REC established a national training institute in Hyderabad for the development of techno-managerial skill and efficiency in State Electricity Boards (SEBs), Distribution Companies, Rural Electric Cooperatives and other Power Utilities, and also to conduct in-house training programmes for REC’s employees. CIRE also served as a platform for association with other institutions towards
1554-475: The private sector to participate in large-scale in manufacturing industry, services industry and infrastructure. Sectors like power, airports, seaports, roadways, projects were identified for private participation, and nodal agencies were set up to do the initial spade work and later hand over such projects to private players through competitive bidding routes. In April 2006, GoI identified 14 transmission projects worth ₹ 200 billion for development by 2012. REC
1596-537: The risks associated with mortgage-related securities, which included the collateralized debt obligation (CDO) market. There were large losses in the CDO market that occurred despite being assigned top ratings by the CRAs. For instance, losses on $ 340.7 million worth of collateralized debt obligations (CDO) issued by Credit Suisse Group added up to about $ 125 million, despite being rated AAA by Fitch. However, differently from
1638-740: Was identified as one of the two GoI-appointed nodal agencies for transferring identified projects to private developers. REC also started extending loans to manufacturers of T&D equipment. Till 2000, REC focused on the Transmission and Distribution aspect of power, with projects for household electrification in rural and semi-urban areas, area electrification in tribal/ dalit areas, intensive electrification, and system improvement projects based on strengthening and improving transmission, sub transmission and distribution systems. REC’s portfolio of Generation projects constituted mainly Mini/Micro Generation Projects up to 25MW capacity till 2000. In June 2002,
1680-504: Was included in the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) Global Standard Index, effective from 1 September 2023. REC has also diversified into non-power infrastructure & logistics sector to cover areas such as airports, metro, railways, ports, and bridges. REC has 22 regional offices. . REC is the 12th Maharatna Company functioning under the purview of the Ministry of Power . The company
1722-482: Was instrumental to its formulation, which was later termed the Feldman–Mahalanobis model . In 1969, Indira Gandhi 's government nationalised fourteen of India's largest private banks, and an additional six in 1980. This government-led industrial policy, with corresponding restrictions on private enterprise, was the dominant pattern of Indian economic development until the 1991 Indian economic crisis . After
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1764-495: Was listed on the National Stock Exchange and the Bombay Stock Exchange on 12 March 2008. REC went for Initial Public Offer of 156,120,000 Equity Shares in February 2008 which was oversubscribed by about 27 times, raising a total amount of ₹ 819 crores. Further Public Offer of 171,732,000 equity shares was made in February 2010. The issue was oversubscribed by 3.14 times, raising a total of ₹ 26.47 billion The company
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