30-662: Opposition (102) Vacant seats (1) The State Duma is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council . It was established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 1993. The Duma headquarters are located in central Moscow , a few steps from Manege Square . Its members are referred to as deputies. The State Duma replaced
60-499: A parliamentary system , the lower house: In a presidential system , the lower house: The lower house: Members of the lower house: The government of the day is usually required to present its budget to the lower house, which must approve the budget. It is a widespread practice for revenue (appropriation) bills to originate in the lower house. A notable exception to this is the West Virginia House of Delegates in
90-539: A rubber stamp , with there being a shift to electoral authoritarianism . After the 2007 elections , a four-party system was formed with a United Russia , Communist Party , Liberal Democratic Party and A Just Russia . Other parties could not get enough votes to go to the State Duma. Only in 2016 elections , two other parties, Rodina and the Civic Platform , were able to get one seat. In 2008, after
120-705: A State Duma deputy cannot hold office in any other representative body of state power or bodies of local self-government. The office as deputy of the State Duma is a full-time and professional position. Thus, deputies to the State Duma may not be employed in the civil service or engage in any activities for remuneration other than teaching, research or other creative activities. 1 (1993) ( members ) 2 (1995) 3 (1999) 4 (2003) 5 (2007) 6 (2011) 7 (2016) ( members ) 8 (2021) ( members ) 9 (2026 or before) 55°45′28″N 37°36′57″E / 55.7579°N 37.6158°E / 55.7579; 37.6158 Lower house A lower house
150-478: A five-party State Duma was formed. The State Duma has special powers enumerated by the Constitution of Russia . They are: The State Duma adopts decrees on issues relating to its authority by the Constitution of the Russian Federation. The legal framework that is used to elect Duma differed over the years. Save to parliamentary election of 2007 and election of 2011 the mixed system of parallel voting
180-522: A pool of thirty-five deputies was entitled to form a registered group to reflect regional or sectoral interests. Business was governed by a steering committee, the Duma Council, consisting of one person from each party or group. The most important task was dividing up the chair positions in the Duma's twenty-three committees, which was done as part of a power-sharing "package" deal. Despite the fact that
210-558: A series of apartment bombings was initially ignored. However, when the city did see a bombing only three days later, Vladimir Zhirinovsky took Seleznyov to task. “Recollect, Gennady Nikolaevich, you told us on Monday that the apartment block in Volgodonsk had been blown up. Three days before the explosion… The State Duma knew that the apartment block had been blown up on Monday, and it was blown up on Thursday… We in Moscow knew about
240-409: Is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature , where the other chamber is the upper house . Although styled as "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide, the lower house has come to wield more power or otherwise exert significant political influence. In comparison with the upper house, lower houses frequently display certain characteristics (though they vary by jurisdiction). In
270-542: Is used for the distribution of party-list. Bills of the State Duma are adopted by a majority of the total number of deputies of the State Duma, unless another procedure is envisaged by the Constitution. All bills are first approved by the State Duma and are further debated and approved (or rejected) by the Federation Council. Relatively few roll call votes have been published that identify individual deputies' votes. The votes of individuals are recorded only if
300-704: The Chairman of the State Duma from 1996 to 2003. Born at Serov in Sverdlovsk Oblast , Gennadiy Seleznyov went to school from 1954 to 1964. He went to study journalism and joined the communist party. In 1969 he finished university and started working for the Pravda newspaper. After the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was outlawed in 1991, Seleznyov quit it. In 1993, however, he joined
330-412: The Communist Party were the leading forces in the State Duma. After the 2003 elections , a dominant-party system was established with the newly formed pro-presidential United Russia party dominating. In all subsequent elections, United Russia has always received an absolute majority of seats (more than 226). During the presidency of Vladimir Putin , the State Duma became increasingly referred to as
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#1732766148153360-584: The Communist Party of the Russian Federation led by Gennadiy Zyuganov . In the 1995 Parliamentary elections in Russia, the Communist Party took the majority. However, Zyuganov did not become the speaker of the Duma as he was too busy with his 1996 Presidential campaign. Instead, he offered the job to his fellow communist Gennadiy Seleznyov. Seleznyov took office in 1996. As speaker Seleznyov protested against many reforms of President Boris Yeltsin and
390-529: The Supreme Soviet as a result of the new constitution introduced by Boris Yeltsin in the aftermath of the Russian constitutional crisis of 1993 , and approved in a nationwide referendum . In the 2007 and 2011 Russian legislative elections a full party-list proportional representation with 7% electoral threshold system was used, but this was subsequently repealed. The legislature's term length
420-582: The Tsarist autocracy in Russia and the overthrow of the Tsardom . Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis , the Soviet system of government was abolished and a new Constitution was introduced and approved by a referendum . The new Charter transformed the Russian Federation into a federal semi-presidential republic, with a bicameral parliament composed by
450-531: The Duma as the leader of a new party, the Party of Russia's Rebirth . The party did very badly although Seleznov won a single member mandate in St Petersburg , beating liberal MP Irina Khakamada . In 1999 Gennadiy Seleznyov also ran for Governor of Moscow Oblast . However, he lost to the former general and vice presidential candidate Boris Gromov . Seleznyov had a son, Kirill Seleznyov (b. 1974), who
480-476: The Duma had almost entirely been removed. The establishment of the Duma after the 1905 Revolution was to herald significant changes to the previous Russian Imperial autocratic system. Furthermore, the Duma was later to have an important effect on Russian history, as it was one of the contributing factors in the February Revolution of 1917, the first of two that year, which led to the abolition of
510-704: The Party rejected several reforms like the proposed complete denationalization of land in 1998. When Prime Minister Sergei Kiriyenko opened the markets, Seleznyov protested saying the Russian economy wasn't ready yet. In 1999 the Communist Party once again took the largest number of seats and Seleznyov was re-inaugurated. Seleznyov gained a degree of infamy during his time as speaker for his announcement, shortly before an apartment bombing in Moscow, that an apartment building in Volgodonsk had been bombed. The mistake amidst
540-524: The Russian Constitution states that the State Duma is elected for four years, it was decided to elect the first State Duma for two years. The 1995 election resulted in a strong boost for the Communist Party of the Russian Federation, which became the first political party of Russia and elected 157 seats: a Communist, Gennady Seleznyov , was elected as Speaker of the State Duma. The "presidential party" Our Home – Russia won 55 seats. During
570-492: The State Duma and the Federation Council . In the December 1993 elections pro-Yeltsin parties won 175 seats in the Duma versus 125 seats for the left bloc. The balance of power lay with the sixty-four deputies of the ultranationalist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia . Only parties that won more than five percent of the vote were given party-list seats: eight passed the threshold in 1993. In addition to those eight parties,
600-462: The United States, which allows revenue bills to originate from either house. Many lower houses are named in manners such as follows: This government -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Gennadiy Seleznyov Gennadiy Nikolayevich Seleznyov ( Russian : Геннадий Николаевич Селезнёв ; 6 November 1947 – 19 July 2015) was a Russian politician,
630-473: The adoption of amendments to the Constitution , the term of the State Duma was increased from four to five years. A 2016 exposé by Dissernet showed that one in nine members of the State Duma had obtained academic degrees with theses that were substantially plagiarized and likely ghostwritten. In 2018, it became known that the State Duma building will be reconstructed. In March 2019 it became known that
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#1732766148153660-418: The centrists and the ultra-rightist Liberal Democratic Party of Russia . He supported Putin on most issues. When in 2001 the communists lost many seats he surprisingly did not protest. Seleznyov then said that the Communist Party had to adapt to the new generation and to adopt liberal social values creating a Eurocommunist party. However, party leader Gennadiy Zyuganov dismissed such calls and in 2002 Seleznyov
690-452: The explosion three days before it had happened!" — Vladimir Zhirinovsky. Dissident Alexander Litvinenko later described the incident as a case of the FSB mixing up the dates of the planned bombings, though controversy still surrounds the cause of the early announcement. Seleznyov originally supported the new President Vladimir Putin when the latter made a majority, making an alliance with
720-624: The repair will begin in May 2019 and will end in September 2020. During this period, the State Duma was temporarily housed in the House of Unions . In addition, a draft of a new conference room, which would be an amphitheatre , was presented. After the 2021 elections , in addition to the four main parties, the New People party was also elected to the State Duma. Thus, for the first time since 1999,
750-422: The second half of the 1990s, the Duma became an important forum for lobbying by regional leaders and businessmen looking for tax breaks and legislative favors. The work of the leading committees, such as those for defense, foreign affairs, or budget, attracted a good deal of media attention and lobbying activity. In the early 2000s, following the 1999 parliamentary elections , the pro-presidential Unity party and
780-412: The voting is open and the electronic method is used. While not all votes are officially roll call votes, every time a deputy electronically votes a computer registers the individual deputy's vote. Any Russian citizen who is age 21 or older is eligible to participate in the election may be elected deputy to the State Duma. However, that same person may not be a deputy to the Federation Council. In addition,
810-492: Was Russia's first elected parliament. The first two attempts by Tsar Nicholas II (1868–1918) to make it active were ineffective. Subsequently, each of these Dumas was dissolved after only a few months. The third Duma was the only one to last until the end of its five-year term. After the 1907 electoral reform, the third Duma, elected in November 1907, was largely made up of members of the upper classes, as radical influences in
840-492: Was expelled from the party. Following his expulsion, Seleznyov remained the Duma Speaker. However, he was frequently attacked by both the leftists and the rightists. He received support from former Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev and was considered a Social Democrat. In 2003 the party United Russia supporting President Putin took the majority in the Duma and Boris Gryzlov became the new Speaker. Seleznov stood for
870-531: Was initially 2 years in the 1993–1995 elections period, and 4 years in 1999–2007 elections period; since the 2011 elections the term length is 5 years. The history of the duma dates back to the boyar dumas of Kievan Rus' and Muscovite Russia as well Tsarist Russia. The State Duma of the Russian Empire was founded in 1905 after the violence and upheaval in the Russian Revolution of 1905 and
900-467: Was used to elect Duma. The system was restored back in February 2014 from a party-list proportional representation system enacted in 2003 with an increased threshold of 7% which was lowered this time to 5%. According to the law adopted in 2014 the Russian territory is divided into constituencies which are used for elections of single candidates per constituency. However, a single "united" constituency
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