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59-581: Russian Olympics may refer to: 1980 Summer Olympics , an Olympics held in Moscow, Russia, as well as Leningrad, Kiev, and Minsk 2014 Winter Olympics , an Olympics held in Sochi, Russia in 2014 and surrounding locales Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Russian Olympics . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

118-523: A Slavic language -speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a self-proclaimed communist country until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin before he was succeeded by Juan Antonio Samaranch , a Spaniard, shortly afterward. Eighty nations were represented at

177-670: A boycott of the Los Angeles Olympics, in retaliation for the U.S.-led boycott of the Moscow Olympics four years earlier (over the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan in 1979 ). The pretexts for the 1984 Soviet-led boycott were concerns over security, "chauvinistic sentiments" and "an anti-Soviet hysteria ... being whipped up" in the United States. However, a handful of communist countries disregarded

236-765: A committee of the Australian Senate claimed that "there is hardly a medal winner at the Moscow Games, certainly not a gold medal winner...who is not on one sort of drug or another: usually several kinds. The Moscow Games might well have been called the Chemists' Games". A member of the IOC Medical Commission, Manfred Donike, privately ran additional tests with a new technique for identifying abnormal levels of testosterone by measuring its ratio to epitestosterone in urine . Twenty percent of

295-464: A lap around the track, then handed it off to the final runner, Rafer Johnson , winner of the decathlon at the 1960 Summer Olympics . With the torch, he touched off the flame which passed through a specially designed flammable Olympic logo, igniting all five rings. Johnson became the first person of African descent to light the cauldron in Olympic history. The flame then passed up to the cauldron atop

354-542: A medal in that event, then they would be given a free menu item: a Big Mac for a gold medal, an order of french fries for a silver medal, and a Coca-Cola for a bronze medal. The promotion became more popular than expected due to the Soviet boycott which led to the U.S. winning far more Olympic medals than expected. This promotion was parodied in The Simpsons episode " Lisa's First Word ", where Krusty Burger runs

413-504: A re-enactment of the lighting of the Olympic cauldron. Los Angeles will host the Summer Olympics for the third time in 2028 . After the terrorist attack at the 1972 Summer Olympics , the significant financial debts of Montreal (1976) , and various boycotts by National Olympic Committees, few cities by the late 1970s were willing to bid for the Summer Olympics. Only two cities ( Tehran and Los Angeles) made serious bids for

472-523: A similar offer. The promotion was intended to be rigged so that prizes would only be offered in events dominated by the Eastern Bloc , but the Soviet-led boycott causes Krusty to personally lose $ 44 million. He vehemently promises "to spit in every fiftieth burger," to which Homer retorts "I like those odds!" Chief Wiggum also exclaims that he could kiss Carl Lewis , who won four gold medals at

531-469: A song to inspire the weightlifters called "Power". An album, The Official Music of the XXIII Olympiad—Los Angeles 1984 , featured those three tracks along with sports themes written for the occasion by popular musical artists including Foreigner , Toto , Loverboy , Herbie Hancock , Quincy Jones , Christopher Cross , Philip Glass , Paul Engemann and Giorgio Moroder . " Reach Out " was

590-619: The Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : Игры XXII Олимпиады , romanized :  Igry XXII Olimpiady ) and officially branded as Moscow 1980 (Russian: Москва 1980 ), were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow , Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The games were the first to be staged in an Eastern Bloc country, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in

649-593: The LA84 Foundation for promoting youth sports in Southern California, educating coaches and maintaining a sports library. The games were the subject of the 1983–84 United States commemorative coin series . American fast food chain McDonald's ran a promotion titled, "When the U.S. Wins, You Win" where customers scratched off a ticket with the name of an Olympic event on it. If the U.S. won

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708-602: The United Arab Emirates . Zaire had previously competed at the 1968 Summer Olympics as Congo-Kinshasa . The People's Republic of China made its first appearance in a Summer Olympics since 1952 , while for the first time the Republic of China team participated under the politically contrived name of Chinese Taipei . The Soviet Union led the Warsaw Pact members and other Communist countries in

767-483: The 1976 and 1980 Olympics were entirely government-funded. Unlike Montreal and Moscow, Los Angeles 1984 was privately funded, with strict controls imposed on expenditure; rather than constructing new venues with overly ambitious designs, the organizers chose instead to utilize existing venues and facilities wherever possible. The main example of this was the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum , which

826-631: The 1984 Olympics host city. In this case, the Los Angeles bid received 55 votes compared with New York's 39 votes – this is the closest that the city of New York has ever come to being selected to host the Olympic Games, coming closer in 1984 than they did in their 2012 bid (when they lost to London). Ambitious construction projects for the two previous Summer Olympics, Montreal 1976 and Moscow 1980, had burdened organizers with substantial debts as expenses greatly exceeded revenues. Furthermore,

885-618: The 1984 Summer Games, but before the final selection of a winning city in 1978, the bid from Tehran was withdrawn in June 1975. Hence, the selection process for the 1984 Summer Olympics consisted of a single finalized bid from Los Angeles, which the International Olympic Committee (IOC) accepted. The selection was officially made at the 80th IOC Session in Athens on May 18, 1978. Los Angeles had unsuccessfully bid for

944-623: The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals, with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 203 available golds. The only two cities to bid for the 1980 Summer Olympics were Moscow and Los Angeles. The choice between them was made at the 75th IOC Session in Vienna, Austria on 23 October 1974. Los Angeles would eventually host the 1984 Summer Olympics . Eighty nations were represented at

1003-615: The 5000 m and 10,000 m. Major broadcasters of the 1980 Games were USSR State TV and Radio (1,370 accreditation cards), Eurovision (31 countries, 818 cards) and Intervision (11 countries, 342 cards). TV Asahi with 68 cards provided coverage for Japan, while OTI , representing Latin America, received 59 cards, and the Seven Network provided coverage for Australia (48 cards). NBC , which had intended to be another major broadcaster, canceled its coverage in response to

1062-649: The District of Columbia. Unlike later torch relays, the torch was continuously carried by runners on foot. The route covered more than 9,320 mi (15,000 km) and involved 3,636 runners. Noted athlete O. J. Simpson was among the runners, carrying the torch up the California Incline in Santa Monica . Gina Hemphill, a granddaughter of Jesse Owens , carried the torch into the Coliseum, completed

1121-766: The Games, the document detailed the existing steroids operations of the program, along with suggestions for further enhancements. The communication, directed to the Soviet Union's head of track and field, was prepared by Dr. Sergei Portugalov of the Institute for Physical Culture. Portugalov was also one of the main figures involved in the implementation of the Russian doping program prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics. Filmmaker and director of 2017 movie Icarus Bryan Fogel has said that stricter doping controls might have been

1180-420: The Games. On NCIS , Tim McGee has an obsession with jet packs, stemming from having attended the 1984 Olympic ceremony as a child and having Bill Suitor fly over his head in his jet pack. This storyline is based on the real experience of executive producer and writer Jesse Stern. Pop-punk band Bowling for Soup references the games in the song " I Can't Stand LA ". During a section showing appreciation for

1239-466: The Games. The cost for Moscow 1980 compares with costs of US$ 4.6 billion for Rio 2016 (projected), US$ 40–44 billion for Beijing 2008 and US$ 51 billion for Sochi 2014, the most expensive Olympics in history. Average cost for the Summer Games since 1960 is US$ 5.2 billion. Because of the U.S. boycott, changes were made to the traditional elements of the closing ceremony that represent the handover to

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1298-428: The Los Angeles Olympics, citing political reasons, but these countries were not a part of the Soviet-led boycott. Albania and Iran were the only two countries to boycott both the 1980 and 1984 Summer Games. Documents obtained in 2016 revealed the Soviet Union's plans for a statewide doping system in track and field in preparation for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Dated prior to the country's decision to boycott

1357-561: The Moscow Games, the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States, 66 countries boycotted the games entirely, because of the Soviet–Afghan War . Several alternative events were held outside of the Soviet Union. Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries (not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union later boycotted

1416-618: The Moscow Olympics, the smallest number since 1956 . Of the eighty participating nations, seven National Olympic Committees made their first appearance at these Games: Angola , Botswana , Cyprus , Jordan , Laos , Mozambique and Seychelles . It was also the first time Vietnam participated after the end of the Vietnam War and the Reunification of Vietnam. None of these nations won a medal. 29 countries boycotted

1475-676: The Saints Go Marching In " at the Opening Ceremony. Vicki McClure, along with the International Children's Choir of Long Beach, sang " Reach Out and Touch ". Alongside Williams and the house orchestra, 84 pianists performed an abridged version of George Gershwin 's composition Rhapsody in Blue . Lionel Richie performed a special extended 9-minute version of his hit single " All Night Long " at

1534-515: The Soviet Union and East Germany, in response to the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow , Russia , in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Soviet-aligned state that opted to attend the Games. Albania, Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games, but for unrelated reasons. Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to

1593-561: The U.S. boycott of the 1980 Games, and became a minor broadcaster with 56 accreditation cards, although they did air highlights and recaps of the Games on a regular basis. ABC aired scenes of the opening ceremony during its Nightline program, and promised highlights each night, but later announced that they could not air any highlights as NBC still had exclusive broadcast rights in the US. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) almost canceled their plans for coverage after Canada took part in

1652-493: The U.S. would boycott the Moscow Olympics if Soviet troops did not withdraw from Afghanistan within one month. 66 countries and regions invited did not participate in the 1980 Olympics. Many of these followed the United States' boycott initiative, while others cited economic reasons for not participating. Iran , under Ayatollah Khomeini hostile to both superpowers, boycotted when the Islamic Conference condemned

1711-528: The boycott and attended the Games anyway, among them Yugoslavia (host of the 1984 Winter Olympics ), the People's Republic of China , and Romania (the only Warsaw Pact country that had opted to ignore the Soviet demands). The Romanian team received a particularly warm reception from the United States; when the Romanian athletes entered during the opening ceremonies, they were greeted by a standing ovation from

1770-411: The boycott, 140 National Olympic Committees took part in the 1984 Games, a record number at the time. The United States won the most gold and overall medals, followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics, serving as an example on how to run an Olympic Games. As a result of low construction costs, due to

1829-673: The boycott, and was represented by nine cards. The television center used 20 television channels, compared to 16 for the Montreal Games, 12 for the Munich Games , and seven for the Mexico City Games . This was also the first time North Korea was watching, as KCTV (Korea Central Television) broadcast it as their first satellite program. A series of commemorative coins was released in the USSR in 1977–1980 to commemorate

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1888-503: The city, the song states, "thank you for hair metal and the '84 Olympics." Jilly Cooper 's novel Riders has a storyline set at the show jumping event at the 1984 Summer Olympics. In the Seinfeld episode "The Gymnast", Jerry dates a woman who competed in the 1984 Olympics and won a silver medal for Romania. In American Horror Story: 1984 , the characters watch it together on the TV in

1947-554: The closing ceremonies. The mascot was a bald eagle named Sam the Olympic Eagle . The 1984 Summer Olympics was preceded by the 10-week-long adjunct Los Angeles Olympic Arts Festival, which opened on June 2 and ended on August 12. It provided more than 400 performances by 146 theater, dance and music companies, representing every continent and 18 countries. It was organized by then- CalArts President Robert Fitzpatrick . The 1984 Summer Olympic program featured 221 events in

2006-557: The competitions and world records were beaten 97 times. Though no athletes were caught doping at the 1980 Summer Olympics, it has been revealed that athletes had begun using testosterone and other drugs for which tests had not been yet developed. According to British journalist Andrew Jennings , a KGB colonel stated that the agency's officers had posed as anti-doping authorities from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to undermine doping tests and that Soviet athletes were "rescued with [these] tremendous efforts". A 1989 report by

2065-697: The event. It consisted of five platinum coins , six gold coins , 28 silver coins and six copper-nickel coins. According to the Official Report, submitted to the IOC by the NOC of the USSR , total expenditures for the preparations for and staging of the 1980 Games were US$ 1,350,000,000, total revenues being US$ 231,000,000. To obtain additional funds for the competition, the Organizing Committee organized Olympic lotteries. The proceeds from

2124-599: The financial success of the Los Angeles Games, cities began to show a renewed interest in bidding to become host again. The Los Angeles and Montreal Games are seen as examples of best and worst practice when organizing the Olympics and serve as valuable lessons to prospective host cities. Following the success of the 1984 Games, the Los Angeles OCOG, led by Peter Ueberroth , used the profits to create

2183-430: The first time these contracts would prove to be a significant source of revenue. Adjusted for inflation, the Los Angeles Games secured twice the amount of income received by the 1980 Moscow Summer Olympics and four times that of the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics . The low level of interest among potential host cities for the 1984 Games had been viewed as a major threat to the future of the Olympic Games. However, after

2242-442: The flags of their respective National Olympic Committees . Some of these teams that marched under flags other than their national flags were depleted by boycotts by individual athletes, while some athletes did not participate in the march. The boycott impacted the competitiveness of swimming, track and field, boxing, basketball, diving, field hockey and equestrian sports. Whilst competitors from 36 countries became Olympic medalists,

2301-545: The flags of their respective National Olympic Committees): ^   Note:   Liberia with seven athletes, withdrew after marching in the Opening Ceremony and took part in the boycott. 1984 Summer Olympics The 1984 Summer Olympics (officially the Games of the XXIII Olympiad and commonly known as Los Angeles 1984 ) were an international multi-sport event held from July 28 to August 12, 1984, in Los Angeles , California , United States. It marked

2360-490: The following 21 sports: These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1984 Games. Athletes from 140 states competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics. Eighteen states made their Olympic debut: Bahrain , Bangladesh , Bhutan , British Virgin Islands , Djibouti , Equatorial Guinea , The Gambia , Grenada , Mauritania , Mauritius , North Yemen , Oman , Qatar , Rwanda , Western Samoa , Solomon Islands , Tonga , and

2419-404: The following 21 sports: This is a list of all nations that won medals at the 1980 Games.   *    Host nation (Host nation (Soviet Union)) In the following list, the number in parentheses indicates the number of athletes from each nation that competed in Moscow. Nations in italics competed under the Olympic flag (or, in the cases of New Zealand, Portugal and Spain, under

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2478-402: The great majority of the medals were taken by the Soviet Union and East Germany in what was the most skewed medal tally since 1904 . There were 203 events – more than at any previous Olympics. 36 world records, 39 European records and 74 Olympic records were set at the games. In total, this was more records than were set at Montreal. New Olympic records were set 241 times over the course of

2537-424: The host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging

2596-522: The host city of the next Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Among them, the flag of the city of Los Angeles instead of the United States flag was raised, and the Olympic Anthem instead of the national anthem of the United States was played. There was also no "Antwerp Ceremony", where the ceremonial Olympic flag was transferred from the Mayor of Moscow to the Mayor of Los Angeles; instead the flag

2655-681: The invasion. Neither the People's Republic of China nor Taiwan (Republic of China) participated in the games, the former as a consequence of the Sino-Soviet split . Many of the boycotting nations participated instead in the Liberty Bell Classic , also known as the "Olympic Boycott Games", in Philadelphia . Those that competed had won 71 percent of all medals and gold medals at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. This

2714-528: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Russian_Olympics&oldid=828735251 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages 1980 Summer Olympics The 1980 Summer Olympics ( Russian : Летние Олимпийские игры 1980 , romanized :  Letnije Olimpijskije igry 1980 ), officially known as

2773-521: The lotteries covered 25% of the cost of holding the competition. The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics at US$ 6.3 billion in 2015 dollars. This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by

2832-562: The main reason for the Soviet boycott. Following the news of the massive financial losses of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , the only two cities to express a genuine interest in hosting the 1984 Games were Los Angeles and New York . Given that only one city per country is allowed to bid for any one Games, the USOC vote for the American bid city was effectively the deciding vote for

2891-414: The main soundtrack and is the official theme song of the 1984 Summer Olympics. The Brazilian composer Sérgio Mendes also produced a special song for the 1984 Olympic Games, "Olympia," from his 1984 album Confetti . A choir of approximately one thousand voices was assembled of singers in the region. All were volunteers from nearby churches , schools and universities. Etta James performed " When

2950-527: The peristyle and remained aflame for the duration of the Games. John Williams composed the theme for the Olympiad, "Los Angeles Olympic Theme" later also known as " Olympic Fanfare and Theme ". This piece won a Grammy for Williams and became one of the most well-known musical themes of the Olympic Games, along with Leo Arnaud 's " Bugler's Dream "; the latter is sometimes attached to the beginning of Olympic Fanfare and Theme. Composer Bill Conti also wrote

3009-460: The previous 1976 Summer Olympics in protest against the IOC for not expelling New Zealand, which had sanctioned a rugby tour of apartheid South Africa. The 1980 Summer Olympics were disrupted by another, even larger, boycott led by the United States in protest of the 1979 Soviet–Afghan War . The Soviet invasion spurred President Jimmy Carter to issue an ultimatum on 20 January 1980, which stated that

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3068-590: The second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games, the first being in 1932 . This was the first of two consecutive Olympic Games to be held in North America with Calgary , Alberta , Canada hosting the 1988 Winter Olympics . California was the home state of the incumbent U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games. These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by fourteen Eastern Bloc countries, including

3127-424: The specimens he tested, including those from sixteen gold medalists would have resulted in disciplinary proceedings had the tests been official. The results of Donike's unofficial tests later convinced the IOC to add his new technique to their testing protocols. The first documented case of " blood doping " occurred at the 1980 Summer Olympics as a runner was transfused with two pints of blood before winning medals in

3186-443: The spectators, who were mostly U.S. citizens. This would turn out to be Romania's most successful Olympic Games – they won 53 medals, including 20 golds. In the table below, the number of athletes representing each state is shown in parentheses. Fifteen countries took part in the Soviet-led boycott of the 1984 Summer Olympics: Albania , Iran , Libya and Upper Volta (changed to Burkina Faso following August 4) also missed

3245-595: The two previous Summer Olympic Games (1976 and 1980, which went to Montreal and Moscow , respectively). The United States Olympic Committee (USOC) had submitted at least one bid for every Olympics since 1944 but had not succeeded since the Los Angeles Olympics in 1932 , the previous time only a single bid had been issued for the Summer Olympics. The 1984 Olympic Torch Relay began in New York City and ended in Los Angeles, traversing 33 states and

3304-403: The use of existing sport infrastructure, coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding, the 1984 Games generated a profit of over US$ 250 million . On July 18, 2009, a 25th anniversary celebration of the 1984 Games was held at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum . The celebration included a speech by former Los Angeles Olympic Organizing Committee president Peter Ueberroth , as well as

3363-639: Was also the Olympic Stadium for the 1932 Summer Olympics . The only two new venues constructed specifically for the 1984 Summer Olympics were secured with the backing of corporate sponsors: the Olympic Velodrome was largely funded by the 7-Eleven corporation and the Olympic Swim Stadium by McDonald's . In addition to corporate support, the Olympic committee also used the income from the exclusive television rights, and for

3422-648: Was in part due to state-run doping programs that had been developed in the Eastern Bloc countries. As a form of protest against the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, fifteen countries marched in the Opening Ceremony with the Olympic Flag instead of their national flags, and the Olympic Flag and Olympic Hymn were used at medal ceremonies when athletes from these countries won medals. Competitors from New Zealand , Portugal , and Spain competed under

3481-523: Was kept by the Moscow city authorities until 1984. Furthermore, there was no next host city presentation. Both the opening and closing ceremonies were shown in Yuri Ozerov 's 1981 film Oh, Sport – You Are The World! (Russian: О спорт, ты – мир! ). New facilities constructed in preparation for the Olympic Games. Existing facilities modified or refurbished in preparation for the Olympic Games. The 1980 Summer Olympic programme featured 203 events in

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