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37-633: The Russian Paralympic Committee was founded in 1996. On 7 August 2016, it was suspended by the International Paralympic Committee due to the state-sponsored doping scandal . This banned Russian athletes from the 2016 Summer Paralympics and required them to participate as Neutral Paralympic Athletes at the 2018 Winter Paralympics . On 9 December 2019, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) banned Russia from all international sport for four years, after it

74-538: A democratic structure, to improve national and regional representation, which led to the foundation of the IPC as it is known today. The 1994 Winter Paralympics , in Norway, were the first to be organized by the IPC. The IPC functions as an umbrella organization, representing several sports and disabilities, in contrast to other international sports organizations for athletes with a disability, which are predominantly limited to

111-547: A disability, from beginner to elite level. The IPC has a democratic constitution and structure and is composed of representatives from 183 National Paralympic Committees (NPCs), four international organizations of sport for the disabled (IOSDs) and five regional organizations. The IPC's headquarters is located in Bonn, Germany . On the basis of being able to organize the Paralympic Games more efficiently and to give

148-706: A former President of the Brazilian Paralympic Committee . The IPC Governing Board consists of 14 members, of which 12 are elected at the General Assembly, including the President and Vice President. The most recent election for the Governing Board was held on 12 December 2021: The IPC Athletes' Council Chairperson, Jitske Visser , and IPC Athletes' Council First Vice Chairperson, Josh Dueck , also have voting rights on

185-594: A single sport or disability (as well as the International Olympic Committee , which relies on separate member sanctioning bodies representing each Olympic sport). A fifteen-member Governing Board oversees the IPC between meetings of the General Assembly. Robert D. Steadward became the first President in 1989. Since 2017, Andrew Parsons is President of the IPC. The International Paralympic Committee has had three presidents to date. Its founding president, who presided over it from 1989 to 2001,

222-641: The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine , the International Olympic Committee (IOC) condemned Russia's "breach of the Olympic Truce adopted by the UN General Assembly". Following this, the International Paralympic Committee initially announced that the RPC team designation would be banned and that Russian athletes could only compete at the 2022 Winter Paralympics under a fully neutral designation as in 2018. After boycott threats from other nations,

259-674: The British Paralympic Association and UK Sport to assist in spinning off World Para Athletics and World Para Swimming as independent federations that would be based in Manchester . Para dance sport was transferred to World Abilitysport (formerly IWAS) in 2024. Supervises and co-ordinates the World Para Athletics Championships , World Para Athletics European Championships and other competitions. Supervises and co-ordinates

296-647: The Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). On 17 December 2020, the CAS announced its decision, reducing the suspension to two years and allowing Russian athletes to use the Russian national colours but a non-national flag, anthem, and designation to be approved by the International Paralympic Committee. This effectively covered the 2020 and 2022 Paralympics. In April 2021, the IPC approved that

333-693: The World Para Dance Sport Championships and other competitions. The rebranding saw the sport renamed from "wheelchair dance sport" to "Para dance sport" due to the IPC's desire to expand the sport beyond wheelchair users. Supervises and co-ordinates the World Para Ice Hockey Championships and other competitions. With the November 2016 rebranding, the official name of the sport was changed from "sledge hockey" to "Para ice hockey". This change

370-618: The World Para Swimming Championships and other competitions. The Paralympic Partner (TOP) sponsorship programme includes the following commercial sponsors of the Paralympic Games. 50°43′10″N 7°06′58″E  /  50.71944°N 7.11611°E  / 50.71944; 7.11611 1994 Winter Paralympics The 1994 Winter Paralympics ( Norwegian : Paralympiske vinterleker 1994 ; Nynorsk : Paralympiske vinterleikane 1994 ),

407-615: The 2 editions of the Olympics every two years during the four-year cycle. Lillehammer subsequently launched another bid, now for the 1994 Games, with some drastic modifications of the project, such as a new indoor speed skating venue and an additional ice hall in Lillehammer. Supplementary government guarantees and funds were secured for the new bid. Three other locations put in bids for the 1994 Games: Anchorage (United States), Östersund (Sweden), and Sofia (Bulgaria). Lillehammer

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444-610: The Disabled (NIF) realized in October 1989 that there was a possibility that Lillehammer could also host the 6th Paralympic Winter Games, respecting the idea implemented by the IOC in 1984, when Seoul was invited to host the 1988 Summer Paralympics , right after that year's Summer Olympics. Thus, the first movement took place in June 1990 and on 15 July of that same year, the IPC announced that

481-482: The IPC maintains an active Instagram among other social media channels to share updates. The Paralympics and other sport events related to the Paralympic movement are broadcast on ParalympicSportTV, an internet TV channel for Paralympic sports created by the IPC. In June 2001, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Paralympic Committee (IPC) signed an agreement that would ensure that

518-485: The IPC on 3 March 2022 banned Russian athletes from competing entirely. On 16 November 2022, the IPC again suspended the RPC at an extraordinary meeting of the IPC General Assembly. International Paralympic Committee The International Paralympic Committee ( IPC ; German : Internationales Paralympisches Komitee ) is an international non-profit organisation and the global governing body for

555-656: The IPC's governance "created perceptions of conflict of interest, disparity in the application of resources, a sense of unfairness between the IPC Sports and those which are not and confusion about the IPC’s role, all of which is impacting its reputation." In July 2022, the IPC transferred governance of skiing, snowboard, and biathlon to the International Ski and Snowboard Federation (FIS) and International Biathlon Union (IBU) respectively, and in June 2023 appointed

592-442: The IPC, and there are three disability specific organizations, while the IPC has served as the international federation for multiple sports. As of 2021, the IPC governed Paralympic alpine skiing, athletics, biathlon, cross country skiing, sledge hockey (Para ice hockey), powerlifting, shooting (shooting Para sport), snowboarding, swimming, and wheelchair dancesport (Para dance sport). On 30 November 2016, to distinguish them from

629-541: The Norwegian proposal had been accepted without financial support. But, approximately one year after negotiations with the Norwegian Parliament for funding and up to 90 million Norwegian Krone was allocated under the condition that the Lillehammer 1994 Paralympic Winter Games Organizing Committee (LPOC) had to be organized in mirrored way as their Olympic counterpart to obtain the public funding, This forced

666-555: The Paralympic Games, the IPC adopted the new blanket branding World Para Sports , with the subcommittees rebranded accordingly. It also renamed three sports to align with this new name; Paralympic shooting was renamed to "shooting Para sport" (to reduce confusion with parachuting ), wheelchair dancesport became "Para dance sport" (as the committee expressed interest in governing dancesport for other classifications besides wheelchair), and sledge hockey became "Para ice hockey" (for both branding and linguistic reasons). Sports contested in

703-547: The Paralympic Movement. The IPC organizes the Paralympic Games and functions as the international federation for nine sports. Founded on 22 September 1989 in Düsseldorf , West Germany , its mission is to "enable Paralympic athletes to achieve sporting excellence and inspire and excite the world". Furthermore, the IPC aims to promote the Paralympic values and to create sport opportunities for all persons with

740-500: The Paralympic movement one voice, the four international organizations of sports for the disabled founded the International Co-ordination Committee of World Sports Organizations for the Disabled (ICC) in 1982. In the upcoming years, other organizations joined and the need for a democratically guided organization emerged, as demanded by the nations participating in the Paralympic Movement. They desired

777-498: The Russian designation's name would be "RPC" (but that the full name "Russian Paralympic Committee" could not be used), and that the anthem used would be Pyotr Tchaikovsky 's Piano Concerto No. 1 . The actual emblem of the Russian Paralympic Committee could not be used due to it prominently featuring the Russian national flag, so a different flame-shaped emblem was specially created for the two Games. After

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814-715: The Summer Paralympics began using the new branding immediately. For winter sports, whose competitive seasons had already started by the announcement, only the world championships were immediately changed to reflect the new branding; the full switchover did not occur until the 2017–18 season. In December 2021 during its virtual General Assembly, the IPC voted on a mandate to transfer its international governance of Paralympic sports to independent bodies by 2026, either by transferring them to an existing governing body, or spinning off subcommittees as independent federations. A governance review published in October 2019 found that

851-460: The board. The IPC has an honorary board of distinguished individuals who support the IPC's goals and use their profile to raise funds and awareness for its work. Current honorary board members are: Chronology of milestones in the development of the International Paralympic Committee and the Summer and Winter Paralympics . The IPC publishes The Paralympian three times a year. In addition,

888-648: The economy of their inland counties. Lillehammer originally bid for the 1992 Games but came fourth in the voting, with the Games ultimately awarded to Albertville , France. In 1986, at the 91st IOC Session in Lausanne , they announced to separate the Summer and Winter editions (which had been held in the same year since the inception of the Winter Olympics in 1924) after the 1992 Games and have alternated between

925-679: The entity to be founded as a limited company,with the same status with the Olympic Organising Committee, with 51% owned by the Norwegian Government and 49% owned by the Norwegian Sports Organisation for the Disabled. This allowed those sectors where interests were in common to work in a unified way providing the basis for this form of work to also be used in 1998 Winter Olympics and the 2000 Summer Paralympics . The first meeting of

962-729: The first Games with their own logo. These Games marked the second time the Paralympic Winter Games were held in the same location as the Winter Olympics but despite this, they did not have the same Organizing Committee.However, the two Committees operated jointly in several sectors, something that served as a basis for the collaboration that was carried out for the 1998 Winter Paralympics and 2000 Summer Paralympic Games .Events were held in Alpine skiing , ice sledge speed racing , biathlon and cross-country skiing ;

999-475: The games also introduced ice sledge hockey .The Paralympic Games also shared 5 venues that were used during the Winter Olympics.The only difference was the addition of Kristins Hall to host ice sledge hockey.This hall which was used as a training site for ice hockey teams during the Olympic Games and which has now been used as the venue for the ice sledge hockey tournament, as during the Paralympic Games it

1036-461: The mascot Sondre, the troll . Sondre, who was also an amputee, was the result of a nationwide school competition won by Janne Solem . The mascot was then designed to its final appearance by Tor Lindrupsen . The name for the mascot was chosen in a separate competition and derives from the great skiing pioneer Sondre Nordheim . The 1994 Paralympics consisted 133 events in five disciplines in four sports. Ice sledge hockey made its Paralympic debut as

1073-476: The seven members, four appointed by the Government and three by the Norwegian Sports Organisation for the Disabled, was held on the 21st August 1991. The Games were represented by an emblem depicting the sun people. This image portrayed the ideas of power, vitality, strength and energy, all of which are characteristics of the athletes who took part. The characteristics of the emblem were also to be found in

1110-567: The sixth Paralympic Winter Games , were held in Lillehammer , Norway, from 10 to 19 March 1994.The Lillehammer Paralympics were the second time that the Games were held in Norway, after the 1980 Winter Paralympics in Geilo . 471 athletes from 31 countries participated, with Norway claiming the most gold medals ahead of Germany. This was the first Paralympics which the International Paralympic Committee had 100% involvement and responsibility and

1147-678: The staging of the Paralympic Games is automatically included in the bid for the Olympic Games . The agreement came into effect at the 2008 Paralympic Summer Games in Beijing, and the 2010 Paralympic Winter Games in Vancouver. However, the Salt Lake 2002 Organizing Committee (SLOC), chose to follow the practice of "one bid, one city" already at the 2002 Games in Salt Lake City, with one Organizing Committee for both Games, which

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1184-518: Was decided that Håkons Hall would be the place where the opening, closing and award ceremonies. The idea for an Olympic bid for Norway was born in 1981, when Falun , in neighbouring Sweden was defeated by Calgary in Canada to host the 1988 Winter Olympics . Along with the Norwegian government, the bid was also publicly encouraged and supported by the Swedish government , largely to help stimulate

1221-630: Was elected to host the 1994 Winter Games at the 94th IOC Session, held in Seoul on 15 September 1988, two days before the start of the 1988 Summer Olympics . Until 2018 , the Lillehammer Games were the last Winter Olympics to be held in a town , rather than centered in a city . More than a year after the scucess of the Olympic Bid, the Board of the Norwegian Sports Organisation for

1258-541: Was followed up by the 2004 Games in Athens and Beijing in 2008. The agreement was adjusted in 2003. An extension was signed in June 2006. A further extension was signed in 2012, valid until 2020. In March 2018, a historic long-term extension was signed establishing a partnership until 2032. The NPCs receive financial support for the training and development of Paralympic teams, Paralympic athletes and Paralympic hopefuls. There are 17 international federations recognized by

1295-594: Was found that data provided by the Russian Anti-Doping Agency had been manipulated by Russian authorities with a goal of protecting athletes involved in its state-sponsored doping scheme . Russian athletes would be allowed to participate in the Paralympics under a neutral flag and with a neutral designation, matching the 2018 Winter Paralympics. Russia later appealed against the WADA decision in

1332-657: Was made upon the request of the sport's community, partly due to the word "sledge" having different meanings across languages. Supervises and co-ordinates the World Para Powerlifting Championships and other competitions. Supervises and co-ordinates the World Shooting Para Sport Championships and other competitions. The rebranding saw the sport renamed as "shooting Para sport" to avoid possible confusion with parachuting . Supervises and co-ordinates

1369-727: Was the Canadian Robert Steadward , who had previously founded the Canadian Sports Fund for the Physically Disabled. He was succeeded in 2001 by Philip Craven , a British Paralympian and former President of the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation , who served as president until 2017. Craven was succeeded by Brazil's Andrew Parsons , who was IPC Vice President from 2013 to 2017 and

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