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24-786: The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR , later the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation , was the supreme government institution of the Russian SFSR from 1938 to 1990; between 1990 and 1993, it was a permanent legislature ( parliament ), elected by the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation . The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR was established to be similar in structure to

48-676: A rule, three to four months each. The Supreme Soviet was convened for its first session on 3 June. On 21 July, the composition of the new Council of Ministers, headed by Nikolai Ryzhkov , was announced. Only one Congress was elected, in March 1989 . The fundamental difference from previous elections in Soviet Union was that elections were actually competitive. Instead of one Communist Party-approved candidate for each seat, multiple candidates were allowed. A variety of different political positions, from Communist to pro-Western, were represented in

72-699: The All-Union War and Labour Veterans' Organization  [ ru ] , and 325 to other organizations such as the Academy of Sciences . The selection process was ultimately completed in April. In the 26 March general elections, voter participation was reported at 89.8%. With this polling, 1,958 – including 1,225 district seats – of the 2,250 CPD seats were filled. In the district races, run-off elections were held in 76 constituencies on 2 and 9 April and fresh elections were organized on 20 April and 14 to 23 May in

96-520: The Chairman of the Council of Ministers , holding nationwide referendums, resolving issues related to the national-republic structure of the union, defining the national borders and ratifying border changes between republics, defining the basic guidelines of foreign and domestic policy, ratifying long term social and economic plans and other national affairs. The month-long nomination of candidates for

120-762: The Congresses of Soviets that preceded the Supreme Soviets. The soviets until then were largely rubber-stamp institutions, approving decisions handed to them by the Communist Party of the USSR or of each SSR. The soviets met infrequently (often only twice a year for only several days) and elected the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet , a permanent body, to act on their behalf while the soviet

144-681: The Supreme Soviet of the USSR in 1938, replacing the All-Russian Congress of Soviets as the highest organ of power of Russia. In the 1940s, the Supreme Soviet Presidium and the Council of Ministers of the Russian SFSR were located in the former mansion of counts Osterman (3 Delegatskaya Street), which was later in 1991 given to a museum. The sessions were held in Grand Kremlin Palace . In 1981

168-519: The events of September–October 1993 . Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation in 1990-1993 First Deputy Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR/Federation 1990-1993 Article 107. Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation is an agency of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian Federation and a permanently functioning legislative, administrative, and supervisory agency of state power of

192-531: The 1,500 in the old supreme soviet). The Supreme Soviet would then serve as a permanent legislature, deciding all but the most important issues, such as amendments to the Soviet constitution, which were left to the full Congress only. The congress's powers were: Amending the Soviet constitution , electing the Supreme Soviet, repealing acts by the Supreme Soviet, electing the Supreme Soviet chairman (speaker), ratifying

216-548: The 199 remaining constituencies where the required absolute majority was not attained. An election was held for the Congress on 26 March 1989. Afterwards the Congress held four sessions: At its first session, deputies used their freedom of speech to criticise the state of the Soviet Union. Radicals and conservatives made speech after speech, at the first session, televised live and watched by millions of people. So many people watched it that industrial output declined, as everyone

240-422: The Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR (CPD) lasted until 24 January 1989. For the next month, selection among the 7,531 districts nominees took place at meetings organized by constituency-level electoral commissions. On 7 March, a final list of 5,074 candidates (one in 399 constituencies, two in 953 constituencies and three or more in 163 constituencies) was published; approximately 85% of these were members of

264-475: The Presidium of a Supreme Soviet served as the collective head of state of its republic. The Supreme Soviets also elected Councils of Ministers ( Councils of People's Commissars before 1946), which were executive bodies. After the dissolution of the USSR in late December 1991, most of these soviets remained the legislatures of independent countries until Armenia , Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan abandoned

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288-536: The Russian Federation Supreme Soviet Party-approved delegates to the Supreme Soviets were periodically elected unopposed in show elections . The first free or semi-free elections took place during perestroika in late 1980s, in which Supreme Soviets themselves were no longer directly elected . Instead, Supreme Soviets were appointed by directly elected Congresses of People's Deputies based somewhat on

312-602: The Soviet Union The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union ( Russian : Съезд народных депутатов СССР , romanized :  Syezd narodnykh deputatov SSSR ) was the highest body of state authority of the Soviet Union from 1989 to 1991. The Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union was created as part of Mikhail Gorbachev 's reform agenda , and was enabled by Gorbachev's first constitutional change. On 1 July 1988,

336-485: The Supreme Soviet was head of state of the Russian SFSR but exercised only nominal powers. In contrast to other Soviet republics of the Soviet Union, the Russian SFSR did not have its own Communist Party and did not have its own first secretaries (which in other republics are relatively independent of power) until 1990. Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Chairman of

360-746: The Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR in 1938–1990 Following the adoption of amendments to the Constitution of the Russian SFSR in October 1989, the office of Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet was removed, and the position of the Russian head of state passed directly to the Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in May 1990. From 1990 to 1993 the Supreme Soviet consisted of 252 deputies in

384-534: The Supreme Soviet was moved to a specially constructed building on Krasnopresnenskaya embankment, The House of Soviets . The Supreme Soviet was abolished in October 1993 (after the events of Russia's 1993 constitutional crisis ) and replaced by the Federal Assembly of Russia (consists of the Federation Council of Russia and State Duma ). Prior to 1990, the Chairman of the Presidium of

408-511: The fourth and last day of the 19th Party Conference , Gorbachev won the backing of the delegates for his last minute proposal to create a new supreme legislative body called the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union. Frustrated by the old guard's resistance to his attempts to liberalise, Gorbachev changed tack and embarked upon a set of constitutional amendments to the 1977 Constitution to try and separate party and state, and thereby isolate his conservative opponents. Detailed proposals for

432-407: The new Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union were published for public consultation on 2 October 1988, and to enable the creation of the new legislature the Supreme Soviet, during its 29 November to 1 December 1988 session, implemented the amendments to the 1977 Soviet Constitution , enacted a law on electoral reform, and set the date of the election for 26 March 1989. This new Congress

456-686: The ruling Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and 17% were women. In the two weeks prior to the 1,500 districts polls, elections to fill 750 reserved seats of public organizations, contested by 880 candidates, were held. Of these seats, 100 were allocated to the CPSU, 100 to the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions , 75 to the Communist Youth Union ( Komsomol ), 75 to the Soviet Women's Committee , 75 to

480-1894: The system in 1995.    Soviet Republics dissolved before the dissolution of the Soviet Union Верховный Совет РСФСР (Российской Федерации) Съезд народных депутатов РСФСР (Российской Федерации) Верховный Совет Украинской ССР Верховна Рада Української РСР Верховный Совет Белорусской ССР Вярхоўны Савет Беларускай ССР Верховный Совет Узбекской ССР Ўзбекистон ССР Олий Совети Верховный Совет Казахской ССР Қазақ ССР Жоғарғы Советі Верховный Совет Грузинской ССР საქართველოს სსრ უმაღლესი საბჭო Верховный Совет Азербайджа́нской ССР Азәрбаjҹан ССР Али Совети Верховный Совет Литовской ССР Lietuvos TSR Aukščiausioji Taryba Верховный Совет Молдавской ССР Совиетул Супрем ал РСС Молдовеняскэ (Moldovan) Sovietul Suprem al RSS Moldovenească (Romanian) Верховный Совет Латвийской ССР Latvijas PSR Augstākā Padome Верховный Совет Киргизской ССР Кыргыз ССР Жогорку Совети Верховный Совет Таджикской ССР Совети Олӣ РСС Тоҷикистон Верховный Совет Армянской ССР Հայկական ՍՍՀ Գերագույն Խորհուրդ Верховный Совет Туркменской ССР Түркменистан ССР Ёкары Советы Верховный Совет Эстонской ССР Eesti NSV Ülemnõukogu Верховный Совет Карело-Финской ССР Верховный Совет Башкирской АССР Башҡорт АССР-ы Юғары Советы Верховный Совет Бурятской АССР Буряадай АССР-эй Верховно Совет Верховный Совет Карельской АССР Верховный Совет Татарской АССР Татарстан АССР Югары Советы Верховный Совет Тувинской АССР Тыва АССР-ниң Дээди Соведи Верховный Совет Чувашской АССР Чӑваш АССР Верховнӑй Совечӗ Верховный Совет Каракалпакской АССР Қарақалпақстан АССР Жоқарғы Совети Верховный Совет Абхазской АССР Аҧснытәи АССР Иреиҳаӡоу Асовет Верховный Совет Аджарской АССР აჭარის ასსრ უმაღლესი საბჭო Верховный Совет Нахичеванской АССР Нахчыван МССР Али Совети Congress of People%27s Deputies of

504-554: The two equal chambers—the Soviet of the Republic under Chairman Veniamin Sokolov , and the Soviet of Nationalities under Chairman Ramazan Abdulatipov . However, the bicameral Supreme Soviet was nominal, because the major decisions were adopted as joint resolutions and concurrent resolutions of all chambers; many of the legislative committees were shared between these chambers. The Supreme Soviet of Russia ceased to exist after

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528-458: Was glued to their screens. At its first session commencing on 25 May, the CPD proceeded to choose the 542 Supreme Soviet members from among 573 candidates. Final results were announced on 27 May. The Supreme Soviet, a "permanent legislative, administrative and central body of state authority of the USSR", was to be convened annually by its Presidium for its recurrent spring and autumn sessions to last, as

552-426: Was not in session. The presidiums were also empowered to issue decrees in lieu of law. If such decrees were not ratified by the Supreme Soviet at its next session, they were to be considered revoked. In practice, the principles of democratic centralism meant this power of veto was almost never exercised, meaning that Presidium decrees de facto had the force of law. Under the 1936 and 1977 Soviet Constitutions ,

576-466: Was to be de facto successor to the Leninist era Congress of Soviets of the Soviet Union , established in 1922 and dissolved in 1936. The Congress consisted of 2,250 deputies elected in three different ways: The congress would gather twice a year and would then elect the reformed Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union consisting of a smaller number of deputies (542 in the new Supreme soviet compared to

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