56-580: (Redirected from S-61 ) S61 may refer to: Naval vessels [ edit ] HMAS Orion (S 61) , of the Royal Australian Navy INS ; Sindhukirti (S61) , of the Indian Navy Spanish submarine Delfín (S61) Rail and transit [ edit ] S61 (Long Island bus) S61 (New York City bus) serving Staten Island S61,
112-585: A line of the Styria S-Bahn Other uses [ edit ] Blériot-SPAD S.61 , a French fighter aircraft Chopi language County Route S61 (Bergen County, New Jersey) Expressway S61 (Poland) S61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions/safety data sheet , a safety phrase Sikorsky S-61 , an American helicopter S61, a postcode district in Rotherham, England [REDACTED] Topics referred to by
168-807: A conversion unit for the new MH-60R Romeo Seahawk. 1: ^ Described as "Maritime Aviation Warfare Officers" Since 2000, when the last pair of HS 748s were retired, the Fleet Air Arm has been an entirely rotary winged force. The most numerous aircraft in the FAA's current inventory is the MH-60R Romeo operated by 816 Squadron, which provides small ship's flights to the Adelaide class (up to 2 aircraft) and Anzac class (1 aircraft). These undertake numerous missions, including anti-surface and anti-submarine warfare. The MRH-90 Taipan has replaced
224-554: A number of other Oberon -class submarines, Orion carried out many special operation deployments during her service which qualified those crew members for the Australian Service Medal , with Special Operations clasp. Conducted between 1978 and 1992, these operations involved intelligence-gathering missions off the coasts of Vietnam , Indonesia , China and India , primarily targeting the Soviet Navy during
280-685: A result. In the 2009 Defence White Paper, Defending Australia in the Asia Pacific Century: Force 2030 , the government stated that the RAN needed 24 new naval combat helicopters by 2014, to replace the Seahawks and compensate for the cancelled Super Seasprite acquisition. The requirement called for a helicopter capable of both anti-submarine and anti-surface warfare, as well as search-and-rescue and troop transport (primarily of boarding parties) roles. Two aircraft were considered:
336-584: A small number of Wessexes continued to serve in utility and search-and-rescue roles. Melbourne remained in service until mid-1982, when she was placed in reserve. The Australian government initially planned to purchase HMS Invincible from the Royal Navy and operate Harriers and helicopters from her, but the British withdrew the offer after the ship's performance in the Falklands War , and
392-449: A target—at periscope depth to observe surroundings and record information during operations close to enemy waters. Batteries which powered the submarines would be recharged during the night and intelligence gathering took place during daylight hours. The submarine was equipped with passive sonar hydrophones which allowed it to record signatures from Soviet vessels, identifying the capabilities of each individual vessel. On 27 September 1980,
448-539: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages HMAS Orion HMAS Orion (S 61) was an Oberon -class submarine of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN). One of six submarines ordered by the RAN during the 1960s, Orion , named after the constellation in a break from ship-naming tradition, was built in Scotland and commissioned in 1977. Orion
504-495: Is undertaken by the tri-service Basic Flying Training School at Tamworth Airport , while advanced training for RAN pilots and training for observers is run by the Royal Australian Air Force : Once RAN aircrew have passed through this process, they are posted to 723 Squadron for helicopter conversion training, before joining one of the two operational squadrons. 725 Squadron has been reformed to serve as
560-460: The Anzac -class frigates in the anti-submarine and anti-surface roles. Although due to enter service in the early 2000s, the helicopters were not operational until 2006, and were grounded shortly after with concerns over their airworthiness, flight control system, crash survivability, and inability to operate in poor weather. The delays and problems with the acquisition led to the cancellation of
616-636: The 1983 election of the Australian Labor Party saw the cancellation of plans to replace Melbourne . With no aircraft carrier, carrier-borne fixed-wing aviation in the RAN ended on 30 June 1983 with the decommissioning of several squadrons, and many RAN pilots joined the Army and RAAF, or transferred to the aviation branches of other nations' navies. The RAN Skyhawks were sold to the Royal New Zealand Air Force , and
SECTION 10
#1732772327456672-728: The 21st Carrier Air Group : 808 and 817 Squadrons, with Sea Furies and Fireflies, respectively. During the Korean War , Sydney was deployed to Korean waters in late 1951, with a wartime CAG of 805, 808, and 817 Squadrons embarked. The Fleet Air Arm operated in a strike, ground support, and escort role during the deployment, which saw three RAN pilots killed and a fourth seriously wounded, while thirteen aircraft were lost. Nine of these were shot down by North Korean flak artillery, with aircraft damaged by flak on at least ninety other occasions. The other four were lost in deck accidents, or crashed because of foul weather. Meanwhile, Majestic
728-516: The Cold War . Orion paid off into reserve at Garden Island, Western Australia in 1996. She remained there for several years, until she was marked for disposal as scrap in September 2003. Efforts to hand her over to a state government for preservation as a museum ship or sinking as a dive wreck failed, and submissions for disposal companies were closed off on 6 August 2004. The submarine
784-665: The F/A-18 Hornets of the RAAF. The Department of Defence in the 2020 Force Structure Plan reported it planned to expand and rationalise the RAN's helicopter fleet. In October 2021, the US approved a potential Foreign Military Sale (FMS) to Australia of 12 additional MH-60Rs. On 13 October 2021, an MH-60R was lost in the Philippine Sea with the 3 crew only suffering minor injuries. The remaining 23 were temporarily grounded as
840-532: The Korean War (operating from the carrier HMAS Sydney ) and the Vietnam War (attached to a Royal Australian Air Force squadron and a United States Army Aviation company), and participated in later conflicts and operations from host warships. Initially operating only fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters were first acquired by the FAA in 1952, forming Australia's first helicopter squadron. Helicopter usage increased over time, particularly after 1982, when
896-667: The Prime Minister , and David Johnston , the Minister for Defence indicated that the 2015 Defence White Paper could potentially consider the purchase of a number of F-35B aircraft as part of the final tranche of F-35 orders for Australia. In mid-2015, following evidence presented to a committee of the Australian Senate in which the Department of Defence conceded that there would be significant costs in adapting
952-619: The Westland Sea King in the tactical transport and logistic support roles with 808 Squadron, operating from the RAN's amphibious support ships. A total of six of these aircraft are owned and operated by the RAN, while another seven are shared with the Army . Air defence of the fleet is primarily the task of the Hobart -class guided missile destroyers, armed with the SM-2 Standard SAM ; these are supported when possible by
1008-400: The constellation Orion : although a name with strong links to the Royal Navy (with six vessels operating as HMS Orion ), this was a break from the RAN's traditional use of the names of explorers and pioneers for submarines. The submarine's motto of "Orbe Circumcincto" (Latin for "All around the world") refers to the visibility of the constellation from any point on Earth. Orion was
1064-618: The Australian Government's Defence Committee held after World War II recommended that the post-war forces of the RAN be structured around a Task Force incorporating multiple aircraft carriers. Initial plans were for three carriers, with two active and a third in reserve, although funding cuts led to the purchase of the Majestic -class light fleet carriers, Majestic and Terrible from the Royal Navy in June 1947. A Fleet Air Arm
1120-541: The Fleet Air Arm. Although Melbourne and her air group played no role in the Vietnam War , Australian naval aviators saw action as part of Royal Australian Navy Helicopter Flight Vietnam (a component of the joint Australian-American Experimental Military Unit ) and the RAN Detachment, 9 Squadron Vietnam (attached to No. 9 Squadron RAAF ). In 1972, the Fleet Air Arm's Wessex helicopters were replaced with Westland Sea King anti-submarine helicopters, although
1176-605: The Fleet Air Arm. Although not the first helicopters to see military service in Australia (that title belonging to a Sikorsky S-51 of the Royal Australian Air Force ), the Sycamores formed the first Australian military helicopter squadron, and prompted the establishment of Australia's first helicopter pilot school. Vengeance was returned to the United Kingdom in 1955, with the crew transferred to Majestic , which
SECTION 20
#17327723274561232-803: The NATO Frigate Helicopter variant of the NH90, and the MH-60 Romeo , a version of the Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk . In determining a replacement, it was considered that the NFH-90 had 80% commonality with the RAN and Army MRH-90s, and all airframes could be assembled at existing facilities in Queensland. Additionally, the type's corrosion-resistant composite fibre construction was assessed as providing better survivability in
1288-607: The NFH-90 for the same approximate external size. By October 2009, the RAN was recommending the MH-60 Romeo, as they would be cheaper and less of a technological risk. On 1 June 2011, Defence Minister Stephen Smith announced that the MH-60 Romeo had been chosen, and the 24 helicopters would be delivered between 2014 and 2020. Under current plans, the Royal Australian Navy's Canberra -class amphibious vessels can accommodate up to eighteen helicopters. Although
1344-874: The RAN attempted to acquire government support for an Australian Fleet Air Arm, modelled loosely on the Royal Naval Air Service and its Royal Air Force -controlled successor, the Fleet Air Arm . This was approved as part of improvements to Australia's military, but opposition by the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) prompted the Cabinet to disband the organisation in January 1928, shortly after its establishment. The RAAF assumed responsibility for naval aviation, which consisted primarily of amphibious aircraft flown by No. 101 Flight RAAF (and its successors, No. 5 Squadron , then No. 9 Squadron ) from
1400-522: The RAN on 15 June 1977. The submarine was due to enter service in 1975, but faulty high-power electrical cabling had been installed in Orion and sister boat Otama ; stripping out and replacing the cabling delayed each submarine's construction by two years. The delay meant that the two boats could be fitted with Micropuffs rangefinding sonar during construction, and have additional electronic surveillance equipment installed. Orion ' s name comes from
1456-407: The RAN's cruisers and the seaplane tender HMAS Albatross . The successes of naval aviation during World War II reignited the idea of a RAN-controlled aviation force, with suggestions that Australia provide the personnel to operate a British aircraft carrier and the attached squadrons voiced during 1944, although the offer was withdrawn in mid 1945 because of manpower shortages. A review by
1512-583: The Trackers were removed from service and sold to a private company for disposal. Before being sold off, the RAN Trackers were flown from land bases as patrol and surveillance aircraft, and HS 748 aircraft continued on in the electronic warfare training and transport roles after all other fixed-wing assets were disposed of. The shift from full, carrier-embarked squadrons to single- or two-helicopter flights operating from frigates forced overhauls of
1568-589: The boat had a company of 8 officers and 56 sailors, but by the time she decommissioned, the number of sailors had increased to 60. In addition, up to 16 trainees could be carried. A small number of non-RAN personnel, most often from the Defence Signals Directorate , were also present during some intelligence gathering missions. The main armament of the Oberon s consisted of six 21-inch (533.4 mm) torpedo tubes. The British Mark 8 torpedo
1624-409: The carrier HMAS Melbourne was decommissioned and not replaced. In 2000, following the removal from service of the land-based Hawker Siddeley HS 748 aircraft, the FAA became an all-helicopter force, operating in the anti-submarine warfare and maritime support roles. As of 2018, the FAA consists of five active squadrons, operating four helicopter types and two types of UAVs. During the 1920s,
1680-459: The electricity for these was generated by two Admiralty Standard Range supercharged V16 diesel generators. The submarine could travel at up to 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) on the surface, and up to 17 knots (31 km/h; 20 mph) when submerged, had a maximum range of 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph), and a test depth of 200 metres (660 ft) below sea level. When launched,
1736-410: The end of the 1950s, with Sydney decommissioned from service and refitted as a troop transport, it was decided that fixed-wing naval aviation would be replaced by a force of 27 Westland Wessex anti-submarine helicopters, to operate from Melbourne . This decision was rescinded in 1963, with Grumman S-2E Tracker anti-submarine aircraft and McDonnell Douglas A-4G Skyhawk fighter aircraft ordered for
S61 - Misplaced Pages Continue
1792-502: The event of crash at sea. However, the type had only become operational in 2010, although it had been on order with several European navies before this. In contrast, the MH-60 Romeo had been operational with the United States Navy since the end of 2005, and the commonality with the RAN's existing Seahawks would cut down on refamiliarisation training for pilots and maintenance personnel, the airframe has less interior space than
1848-540: The first ever Australian vessel to visit a German port. On her delivery voyage from Scotland in 1978, Orion recorded communications and any other signals emitted from Libyan Navy vessels around the ports of Tripoli, Benghazi, Darnah and Tobruk at the request of the United Kingdom and the United States. As Orion and Otama were fitted with specialist intelligence gathering equipment, they were regularly deployed on surveillance and spying operations, earning them
1904-508: The frigates of the Adelaide and Anzac classes and from the RAN's amphibious and support ships. RAN squadrons follow the same numbering system as those of the Royal Navy, with operational units numbered from 800 onwards and training units numbered from 700 onwards: 723 Squadron was the last unit in the Fleet Air Arm to operate fixed wing aircraft, when it withdrew its pair of HS 748s in June 2000. The last operational fixed wing squadron
1960-536: The funding redirected to the Fleet Air Arm . This was the fourth time the RAN had attempted to establish a submarine branch . The submarine was 295.2 feet (90.0 m) long, with a beam of 26.5 feet (8.1 m), and a draught of 18 feet (5.5 m) when surfaced. At full load displacement , she displaced 2,030 tons when surfaced, and 2,410 tons when submerged. The two propeller shafts were each driven by an English Electric motor providing 3,500 brake horsepower and 4,500 shaft horsepower ;
2016-573: The international coalition during the Gulf War ; they were used for anti-air surveillance and surface search, to deliver boarding parties to interdicted ships, and provide search-and-rescue capabilities. During 1992, FAA Sea Kings were embarked aboard HMAS Tobruk for Operation Solace , part of the famine-relief operation in Somalia. During the 1990s, the FAA ordered several refurbished Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite helicopters to operate from
2072-540: The management and organisational style of the FAA, with squadrons made to act with increasing independence and less experienced junior officers taking greater responsibility for the aviation activities of their assigned ship. During the 1980s, the Eurocopter Ecureuil (Squirrel) and Sikorsky S-70 Seahawk were acquired to operate from the Adelaide -class frigates. During the early 1990s, these helicopters operated aboard Australian ships deployed to support
2128-835: The nickname "Mystery Boats". Activities were part of the broader Western nations' intelligence-gathering apparatus, and included surveillance off the coasts of China, India, Vietnam, and Indonesia, tailing of Soviet Pacific Fleet units during operations in the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and observation off the Soviet base at Vladivostok . These activities continued until the end of the Cold War in 1992, and most of Orion ' s activities and deployments during this period remain classified. The first captain of Orion, Commander Rob Woolrych MBE , stated that Orion and Otama conducted sixteen intelligence-gathering missions during their service between March 1978 to December 1992. Each mission
2184-672: The officers and crew of Orion were granted the Freedom of the City of Wollongong in perpetuity. In 1987, Orion was awarded the Gloucester Cup , for being the RAN vessel demonstrating the greatest overall efficiency over the previous twelve months. Orion was the last submarine to receive the Cup until 2005, when it was presented to the Collins -class submarine HMAS Rankin . Like
2240-410: The preceding Porpoise class of submarines, with changes made to improve the vessels' hull integrity, sensor systems, and stealth capabilities. Eight submarines were ordered for the RAN, in two batches of four. The first batch was approved in 1963, and the second batch (including Orion ) was approved during the late 1960s, although two of these were cancelled before construction started in 1969, with
2296-507: The project in March 2008, and the completed helicopters were returned to Kaman. These airframes were subsequently purchased by the RNZAF to replace their existing SH-2 fleet. Since 2000, when the last pair of HS 748s were retired, the Fleet Air Arm has been an entirely rotary-winged force. The Fleet Air Arm became responsible for the operation and maintenance of the RAN's helicopter force from
S61 - Misplaced Pages Continue
2352-448: The same term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title formed as a letter–number combination. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=S61&oldid=1130858435 " Category : Letter–number combination disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
2408-599: The ships are potentially capable of operating STOVL fixed-wing aircraft, such as the F-35B Lightning and the V-22 Osprey , the operation of fixed-wing aircraft was not a tender criterion, and despite numerous suggestions, the Australian Government indicated that it did not intend to purchase fixed wing aircraft for the Fleet Air Arm to operate from the Canberra class. However, in 2014, both Tony Abbott ,
2464-578: The submarine. In addition to the name, the cadet unit will use Orion ' s badge and motto. Fleet Air Arm (RAN) The Fleet Air Arm (FAA), known formerly as the Australian Navy Aviation Group , is the division of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) responsible for the operation of aircraft. The FAA was founded in 1947 following the purchase of two aircraft carriers from the Royal Navy . FAA personnel fought in
2520-498: The torpedo tubes. On entering service, two stern-mounted, short-length 21-inch (53 cm) torpedo tubes for Mark 20 anti-submarine torpedoes were fitted. However, the development of steerable wire-guided torpedoes made the less-capable aft-firing torpedoes redundant; they were closed off, and later removed during a refit. Orion was laid down by Scotts Shipbuilding and Engineering Company at Greenock, Scotland on 6 October 1972, launched on 16 September 1974, and commissioned into
2576-530: The two Canberra -class ships to operate the F-35B, the plan was dropped from the intended list of proposals that would be included in the government's upcoming defence white paper . Examples of many aircraft operated by the Fleet Air Arm are on display at the Fleet Air Arm Museum at HMAS Albatross ^(I) A LADS -equipped Bombardier Dash 8 is owned by the RAN, but this is attached to
2632-572: The withdrawal of the HS748, operated the only remaining fixed-wing aircraft in the RAN's inventory. This unit was not under the operational control of the Fleet Air Arm, but was instead part of the Australian Hydrographic Service , with both RAN and civilian personnel. The LADS flight was disbanded in 2019. The RAN is not responsible for the initial basic and advanced flying training of its new aircrew. Basic flying training
2688-708: Was 851 Squadron , which operated both HS 748s and S-2 Trackers until it was disbanded in August 1984. 816 Squadron was one of the FAA's two carrier-based fixed wing units, operating the Tracker (the other being 805 Squadron operating the A-4 Skyhawk ) when HMAS Melbourne was decommissioned in 1982. An additional flying unit of the Royal Australian Navy was the Laser Airborne Depth Sounder Flight , based at Cairns , which, following
2744-606: Was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Melbourne on 28 October 1955. The new carrier delivered new aircraft to the Fleet Air Arm: the de Havilland Sea Venom jet fighter-bomber for 805 and 808 Squadrons, and the turboprop-driven Fairey Gannet anti-submarine aircraft for 816 and 817 Squadrons. These aircraft were due to become obsolete in the late 1950s, and the RAN considered purchasing modern aircraft of French or Italian design, which were smaller than British developments and better suited to light carrier operations. By
2800-482: Was established on 3 July 1947 by the Commonwealth Defence Council to operate aircraft from these two carriers, and also maintain two former Royal Australian Air Force bases as support facilities: these became HMAS Albatross at Nowra, New South Wales , and HMAS Nirimba at Schofields, New South Wales . As Terrible was the closer of the two ships to completion, construction
2856-431: Was finished without major modification. The ship was commissioned into the RAN as HMAS Sydney on 16 December 1948. Sydney ' s maiden voyage saw the delivery of the first two squadrons operated by the Fleet Air Arm: 805 Squadron with Hawker Sea Furies , and 816 Squadron with Fairey Fireflies . The two squadrons operated as the 20th Carrier Air Group (CAG). Sydney returned to England in 1950 to collect
SECTION 50
#17327723274562912-563: Was initially carried by the submarine; this was later replaced by the wire-guided Mark 23 . Between 1977 and 1985, the Australian Oberons were upgraded to carry United States Navy Mark 48 torpedoes and UGM-84 Sub Harpoon anti-ship missiles. As of 1996, the standard payload of an Australian Oberon was a mix of 20 Mark 48 Mod 4 torpedoes and Sub Harpoon missiles. Some or all of the torpedo payload could be replaced by Mark 5 Stonefish sea mines, which were deployed through
2968-415: Was one of two Oberon-class submarines designed for intelligence gathering and conducted regular patrols in Soviet, Indian and Chinese waters to gather information regarding enemy capabilities. Orion was decommissioned in 1996, marked for disposal in 2003, and broken up for scrap in 2006. Several sections of the submarine remain intact as memorials and museum pieces. The Oberon class was based heavily on
3024-681: Was sold for scrapping , and was broken up by Tenix at Henderson, Western Australia in December 2006. The fin was given to the City of Rockingham and is now mounted as a permanent memorial at Rockingham Naval Memorial Park . The port propeller was donated to the Western Australia Maritime Museum . In November 2011, authorisation was granted to establish a new Australian Naval Cadets unit in Jindabyne, New South Wales , named New Training Ship (NTS) Orion after
3080-601: Was under the command of the Chief of the Defence Force , authorised by the Minister for Defence and conducted with the knowledge of the Prime Minister . Regular patrols were conducted for six to eight weeks. On occasion, Orion and Otama would dock in British naval facilities in Singapore or Hong Kong for refuelling and maintenance. Orion and Otama would remain just off the horizon—around five nautical miles from
3136-500: Was undergoing major upgrades during construction to operate jet aircraft, including the installation of an angled flight deck , steam catapult , and a mirror landing aid . To allow the RAN to operate as a two-carrier force while Majestic was completed, the Royal Navy loaned the Colossus -class light carrier HMS Vengeance to the RAN in late 1952. Vengeance arrived in Australia with three Bristol Sycamore helicopters for
#455544