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54-609: WEFS (channel 68) is a television station in Cocoa, Florida , United States, serving the Orlando area. The station is owned by Eastern Florida State College (EFSC) and maintains studios at the EFSC campus in Cocoa; its transmitter is located on Brown Road near Christmas, Florida . The station's history begins with the activation of Cocoa's non-commercial educational channel 18 as WRES,

108-572: A TV network and an individual station within the network is referred to as O&O or affiliate , respectively. Because television station signals use the electromagnetic spectrum, which in the past has been a common, scarce resource, governments often claim authority to regulate them. Broadcast television systems standards vary around the world. Television stations broadcasting over an analog system were typically limited to one television channel , but digital television enables broadcasting via subchannels as well. Television stations usually require

162-463: A barter in some cases. Clermont, Florida Clermont is a city in Lake County in central Florida , United States, about 22 miles (35 km) west of Orlando and 22 miles (35 km) southeast of Leesburg . The population was 43,021 in 2020. The city is residential in character and its economy is centered in retail trade, lodging, and tourism-oriented restaurants and bars. It

216-504: A broadcast license from a government agency which sets the requirements and limitations on the station. In the United States, for example, a television license defines the broadcast range , or geographic area, that the station is limited to, allocates the broadcast frequency of the radio spectrum for that station's transmissions, sets limits on what types of television programs can be programmed for broadcast and requires

270-667: A church-owned, family-oriented television station that began limited telecasting in June 1987. Three months later, Press Broadcasting acquired WRES and immediately agreed to donate it to Cocoa-based Brevard Community College. While the station switched to offering primarily instructional television programming including telecourses, Press set in motion a series of channel improvements. It had owned WMOD in Melbourne but found that its signal hindered it from competing in Orlando. The donation of

324-476: A female householder with no husband present, and 31.5% were non-families. 26.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.29 and the average family size was 2.73. In 2000, in the city the population was spread out with 20.1% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 24.7% from 45 to 64, and 24.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

378-445: A library if the town helped him sell his Chautauqua lectures to residents. Many town members with money to spare put forth what they could, excited at the prospect of a library. However, when it came time for the lectures only a few of the speakers showed; no salesman or books were present. Not all money was handed over; the cost for the last lecture was still available, and with that amount they began to organize their own library. This

432-415: A much shorter wavelength, and thus requires a shorter antenna, but also higher power. North American stations can go up to 5000 kW ERP for video and 500 kW audio, or 1000 kW digital. Low channels travel further than high ones at the same power, but UHF does not suffer from as much electromagnetic interference and background "noise" as VHF, making it much more desirable for TV. Despite this, in

486-586: A partnership with BCC to create "WUCF TV", the new primary PBS station for Central Florida. The new station would lease WBCC's primary digital channel and operate from WBCC's facilities. However, WBCC would retain its license and call letters. On June 2, PBS approved the creation of "WUCF TV" and announced that it would become Central Florida's primary PBS channel. The station served as the Orlando market's only PBS station, as WDSC-TV in Daytona Beach left PBS on July 1, concurrent with WMFE's departure from PBS and

540-509: A sale was pending. Brevard Community College partnered with UCF to launch "WUCF TV", the new primary PBS station for Central Florida, as WBCC's main channel on July 1, 2011. This partnership was unwound the next year when UCF purchased the WMFE-TV license and transmitter facility, making WUCF-TV a station in its own right. WBCC programming had continued on a subchannel throughout the run of "WUCF TV" on channel 68, minus PBS shows, and returned to

594-463: A secondary PBS station. With the arrival of digital television, it began providing subchannels with content from the University of Central Florida (UCF) and Brevard Public Schools . The presence of WBCC and WDSC-TV in the market eroded viewer support for Orlando's primary PBS station, WMFE-TV, and contributed to financial exigencies there. In 2011, that station ceased airing PBS programming while

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648-635: A station to broadcast a minimum amount of certain programs types, such as public affairs messages . Another form of television station is non-commercial educational (NCE) and considered public broadcasting . To avoid concentration of media ownership of television stations, government regulations in most countries generally limit the ownership of television stations by television networks or other media operators, but these regulations vary considerably. Some countries have set up nationwide television networks, in which individual television stations act as mere repeaters of nationwide programs . In those countries,

702-483: A station which broadcasts structured content to an audience or it refers to the organization that operates the station. A terrestrial television transmission can occur via analog television signals or, more recently, via digital television signals. Television stations are differentiated from cable television or other video providers as their content is broadcast via terrestrial radio waves. A group of television stations with common ownership or affiliation are known as

756-471: A swap, but not necessarily with WMOD; Press Broadcasting hinted at further announcements on the matter. Meanwhile, Brevard Community College had been providing educational programming on cable systems since May 1986, featuring a mix of pre-produced telecourses and college-produced programming. Two months later, in November 1987, Press acquired the construction permit for channel 68 at Clermont , which became

810-425: A variety of ways to generate revenue from television commercials . They may be an independent station or part of a broadcasting network , or some other structure. They can produce some or all of their programs or buy some broadcast syndication programming for or all of it from other stations or independent production companies. Many stations have some sort of television studio , which on major-network stations

864-503: Is multiplexed : Television station The Fernsehsender Paul Nipkow ( TV Station Paul Nipkow ) in Berlin , Germany , was the first regular television service in the world. It was on the air from 22 March 1935, until it was shut down in 1944. The station was named after Paul Gottlieb Nipkow , the inventor of the Nipkow disk . Most often the term "television station" refers to

918-465: Is $ 227,510. Home appreciation was –21.40% during 2009. Renters made up 23.21% of the population. 8.33% of houses and apartments were unoccupied (vacancy rate). As of the census of 2000, there were 9,333 people, 3,995 households, and 2,736 families residing in the city. The population density was 343.5 people/km (890 people/sq mi). There were 4,368 housing units at an average density of 160.8 units/km (416 units/sq mi). The racial makeup of

972-792: Is often used for newscasts or other local programming . There is usually a news department , where journalists gather information. There is also a section where electronic news-gathering (ENG) operations are based, receiving remote broadcasts via remote pickup unit or satellite TV . Outside broadcasting vans, production trucks , or SUVs with electronic field production (EFP) equipment are sent out with reporters , who may also bring back news stories on video tape rather than sending them back live . To keep pace with technology United States television stations have been replacing operators with broadcast automation systems to increase profits in recent years. Some stations (known as repeaters or translators ) only simulcast another, usually

1026-708: Is part of the Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford Metropolitan Statistical Area . Clermont is home to the 1956 Florida Citrus Tower , one of Florida's early landmarks. Clermont was founded in 1884, and named for the French birthplace of A.F. Wrotnowski, manager of the Clermont Improvement Company, formed for land development. The municipality was first officially incorporated as a town from June 9, 1891, to May 25, 1895, when it disbanded and became unincorporated; but it

1080-703: Is water. The Clermont area lies on the northern part of the Lake Wales Ridge . There are rolling hills atypical of the Florida peninsula. Nearby are the Clermont chain of lakes and Lake Apopka . The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild winters. According to the Köppen climate classification , the City of Clermont has a humid subtropical climate zone ( Cfa ). As of

1134-404: The 2020 United States census , there were 43,021 people, 13,032 households, and 9,179 families residing in the city. As of the 2010 United States census , there were 28,742 people, 10,072 households, and 7,377 families residing in the city. In 2010, the income per capita is $ 24,952, which includes all adults and children. The median household income is $ 45,980. The median home value in town

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1188-485: The University of Central Florida (UCF), the Florida Institute of Technology , and public schools. Press owned WMOD (channel 43) in Melbourne , which it intended to be the second major independent station for Central Florida. In spite of a $ 7 million outlay on programming, it ran into considerable difficulty because WMOD's transmitter site could not provide adequate full-market coverage. The deal called for

1242-534: The electricity bill and emergency backup generators . In North America , full-power stations on band I (channels 2 to 6) are generally limited to 100 kW analog video ( VSB ) and 10 kW analog audio ( FM ), or 45 kW digital ( 8VSB ) ERP. Stations on band III (channels 7 to 13) can go up by 5 dB to 316 kW video, 31.6 kW audio, or 160 kW digital. Low-VHF stations are often subject to long-distance reception just as with FM. There are no stations on Channel 1 . UHF , by comparison, has

1296-706: The poverty line , including 15.0% of those under age 18 and 4.5% of those age 65 or over. The public school district for the City of Clermont is Lake County Schools . Lake-Sumter State College and the University of Central Florida have a joint-use campus in Clermont. The Cooper Memorial Library in Clermont is staffed by the Lake-Sumter State College and the Lake County Library System . A salesman wandered into town in 1904, and spoke promises of donating books to start

1350-661: The Cooper Memorial Library joined the Lake County Library System, and is the only continuous member of that system. Downtown Clermont has restaurants, shops, the local Art League, Clermont City Center, and City Hall. The downtown's western area, known as Historic Village, includes sites such as the Townsend House, home to James and Sallie Townsend, the first African-American couple in Clermont. The building known as "Little Cooper"

1404-546: The Glorious Church of God in Christ, a Tampa -based church whose pastor had been known for promoting vegetable ice cream. The station broadcast with a low effective radiated power—1,000 watts—from a facility that had belonged to cable company Florida CableVision. Its initial broadcast schedule ran for just three hours a day, six days a week, consisting of family-oriented secular programming. Shortly after launching, WRES

1458-582: The Library raised $ 600 to erect a one-room building on 630 DeSoto Street, a lot donated by Alice Cooper. The library was funded by the club and its small circulating collection staffed by Clermont Women's Club volunteers until the city took over in the 1950s and the Cooper Memorial Library Association was formed to administer the public library. In 1980, a former bank building was purchased. A human chain of town volunteers passed

1512-627: The News and Florida's Backyard . By 1990, the station offered 17 courses for BCC credit taken by some 500 students. Meanwhile, Press put WKCF on the air—on channel 68—in December 1988. Press Broadcasting and Brevard Community College then approached the FCC with the proposal to swap WKCF to channel 18 and WRES to channel 68. Two Orlando stations vehemently opposed the switch: WMFE-TV (channel 24), Orlando's public television station, and WOFL (channel 35),

1566-647: The U.S., the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is taking another large portion of this band (channels 52 to 69) away, in contrast to the rest of the world, which has been taking VHF instead. This means that some stations left on VHF are harder to receive after the analog shutdown . Since at least 1974, there are no stations on channel 37 in North America for radio astronomy purposes. Most television stations are commercial broadcasting enterprises which are structured in

1620-460: The books, hand to hand, from the old to the new location. Mike Delaney, a Friends of the Library member, said, "It was an amazing honor to be part of the early book brigade when I was seven...It was an experience that I will never forget that brought the community together". In 1984, the building was expanded by more than 4,000 square feet, adding the Florida Room and Children's Room. In 1982,

1674-499: The call sign WBCC. That same year, WBCC qualified for funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , making it eligible for state and federal support. Over the course of the 1990s, the station's audience and student count increased. In 1995, Time Warner Cable in Orlando added channel 68 to its lineup. By 1997, Brevard Community College had 4,000 students in 91 courses offered over television and online. On January 1, 2002,

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1728-466: The channel 18 license was contingent on permitting a swap with another station. That station, WKCF , began broadcasting on channel 68 in 1988. After objections from several Orlando TV stations, WKCF moved to channel 18 in October 1991; simultaneously, WRES switched to channel 68 and changed its call sign to WBCC. The move permitted both stations to upgrade their signals. At the start of 2002, WBCC became

1782-411: The city was 83.50% White , 12.08% African American , 0.48% Native American , 0.89% Asian , 0.01% Pacific Islander , 1.55% from other races , and 1.49% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.71% of the population. In 2000, there were 3,995 households out of which 22.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55.1% were married couples living together, 10.3% had

1836-514: The city's lakes and other natural resources. The approximate coordinates for the City of Clermont is located at 28°32′58″N 81°44′53″W  /  28.54944°N 81.74806°W  / 28.54944; -81.74806 . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 11.5 square miles (30 km ), of which 10.5 square miles (27 km ) is land and 1.0 square mile (2.6 km ) (8.54%)

1890-504: The flagship PBS station for central Florida. In fall 2010, WMFE's owner, Community Communications, announced that it had been forced to furlough several employees due to financial difficulties. Fundraising for WMFE radio was strong, but donations faltered for WMFE's television service. On April 1, 2011, WMFE announced that it would sell channel 24 and leave PBS due to these financial difficulties and "critical uncertainties in federal and state funding". One cause of WMFE's financial difficulties

1944-420: The highest point available in the transmission area, such as on a summit , the top of a high skyscraper , or on a tall radio tower . To get a signal from the master control room to the transmitter, a studio/transmitter link (STL) is used. The link can be either by radio or T1 / E1 . A transmitter/studio link (TSL) may also send telemetry back to the station, but this may be embedded in subcarriers of

1998-538: The historic downtown district has not changed much since 1962. They completed a brick project in 2023, but that did not make it neighboring Winter Garden . The population grew 208% from 2000 to 2010, with commensurate economic growth, attracting big box retail stores. In Spring 2010, the Clermont Landings shopping center opened, featuring 20 shops and restaurants and the city's first cinema. Increased pollution from runoff and residential development has hurt

2052-662: The launch of "WUCF TV". WBCC's existing programming and UCF TV continued as subchannels. On June 21, 2012, Community Communications announced that it would sell all of WMFE-TV's assets, except the studio facilities, to the University of Central Florida. With the acquisition of the WMFE-TV license, BCC and UCF announced that the operating agreement for channel 68 would be unwound once PBS programming returned to channel 24. This took place on November 15, 2012, at which time WBCC ended its PBS membership and once again became an educational independent station, with its programming returning to

2106-400: The local television station has no station identification and, from a consumer's point of view, there is no practical distinction between a network and a station, with only small regional changes in programming, such as local television news . To broadcast its programs, a television station requires operators to operate equipment, a transmitter or radio antenna , which is often located at

2160-419: The main broadcast. Stations which retransmit or simulcast another may simply pick-up that station over-the-air , or via STL or satellite. The license usually specifies which other station it is allowed to carry. VHF stations often have very tall antennas due to their long wavelength , but require much less effective radiated power (ERP), and therefore use much less transmitter power output , also saving on

2214-459: The main channel as PBS programming moved to channel 24. The station changed its call sign in 2013 as part of the renaming of Brevard Community College as Eastern Florida State College. Its local programming includes EFSC athletic and official events and public affairs shows for Brevard County and the Space Coast . WRES made a quiet debut on channel 18 on June 18, 1987. The original owner was

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2268-607: The main subchannel. On July 1, 2013, Brevard Community College changed its name to Eastern Florida State College in conjunction with the offering of new four-year degrees. As part of the name change, WBCC changed its call sign to WEFS. WEFS produces and airs broadcasts related to Eastern Florida State College, including athletics events and college commencement. Through a partnership with the Florida Today newspaper in Cocoa, established in 2009, WEFS offers Brevard County–targeted public affairs programming. The station's signal

2322-422: The market's established independent outlet. Both feared that the upgrades planned to channels 18 and 68 in the swap would create issues for them. WMFE feared that an upgraded WRES could become a competing public TV station, vying for viewers and donors with channel 24. WOFL believed Press Broadcasting had illegally controlled the channel 18 permit and that the two facilities did not serve the same area. Also objecting

2376-428: The other half of the proposed swap arrangement. Robert McAllan, the vice president of broadcasting for Press Broadcasting, declared that the channel 68 permit purchase "culminate[d] a two-year search for improved transmission facilities" for WMOD. By August 1988, WRES was back on the air with a full schedule of educational programming: this included telecourses and instructional series as well as programs such as UCF Views

2430-476: The programmes seen on its owner's flagship station, and have no television studio or production facilities of their own. This is common in developing countries . Low-power stations typically also fall into this category worldwide. Most stations which are not simulcast produce their own station identifications . TV stations may also advertise on or provide weather (or news) services to local radio stations , particularly co-owned sister stations . This may be

2484-524: The station became a secondary PBS member station, showing some limited programming from the network. By that April, renovations began to accommodate WBCC-DT channel 30, which took to the air on November 4, 2003. WBCC offered several digital subchannels shortly after launching. The University of Central Florida entered into a memorandum to use one of WBCC's subchannels in March 2004; In September, BPS-TV launched with programming from Brevard Public Schools , which

2538-414: Was 45 years. For every 100 females there were 89.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.5 males. In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $ 39,290, and the median income for a family was $ 48,216. Males had a median income of $ 36,240 versus $ 26,571 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,099. About 6.3% of families and 7.8% of the population were below

2592-622: Was a low-power TV station on channel 19 in Orlando, fearing displacement from the proposed WKCF facility in the Orlando-market tower farm at Bithlo . The FCC approved the proposal in December 1989, affirming the decision in October 1990 after further appeals from WOFL. This allowed Press to pay for WRES to relocate to a new tower site in the Deseret Ranch development. On October 7, 1991, the swap took place. WKCF moved to channel 18. WRES changed to channel 68 and simultaneously adopted

2646-583: Was hosted in the Montrose Street home of Mrs. Payson Pierce, with the collection of books open to the town on Saturday afternoons. Patrons paid 50 cents a year. The Clermont Library Club also hosted their meetings at Pierce's house. The growing collection was moved to Isiah Benson's Lake Avenue house in 1910, then to the Baptist Church the following year. In the summer of 1914, the Friends of

2700-615: Was moved to the Clermont Historic Village in 2009, and restored to be opened as a museum of local and world history. The Historic Village is maintained by the South Lake County Historical Society and the City of Clermont. South Lake Hospital is the regional hospital of south Lake County. The United States Triathlon National Training Center use to be located in Clermont. Duathlons , triathlons and cross country races are held at

2754-404: Was officially reincorporated as a city on December 28, 1916. Much of the county initially was developed as orange and other citrus groves, which was the basis of the economy through the mid-20th century. For instance, Apshawa Groves owned and worked large expanses of land in the county. It later became a major real estate company. Tourism also became increasingly important. The appearance of

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2808-442: Was produced and transmitted by WBCC. WBCC shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 68, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 30, having used virtual channel 68 since 2005. Prior to July 2011, WMFE-TV had been

2862-624: Was sold to Press Broadcasting. Press, a division of the Asbury Park Press newspaper in New Jersey, then turned around and donated WRES to Brevard Community College (BCC). The deal was part of a plan by Press that foresaw the move of WRES to another channel number so that a commercial station could use channel 18. In the deal, BCC received the TV station facility, $ 1 million in operating funds, and another $ 240,000 to forge partnerships with

2916-539: Was the "triple overlap" of WMFE-TV, WBCC-TV, and WDSC-TV (channel 15) in Daytona Beach . The latter two were secondary stations that paid less to PBS and only aired a selection of the network's programming. When news spread of the sale, a campaign was undertaken by local residents and students at UCF to try to keep an active PBS station in the Orlando market. On May 26, 2011, the UCF Board of Trustees approved

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