The Romanian Debacle
21-704: (Redirected from WWI Armistice ) World War I armistice may refer to: Armistice of Focșani , signed 9 December 1917 between Romania and the Central Powers Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers , signed 15 December 1917 Armistice of Erzincan , signed 18 December 1917 between the Ottoman Empire and Russia Armistice with Bulgaria , signed 29 September 1918 at Thessaloniki Armistice of Mudros , signed 30 October 1918 with
42-541: A Central Power invasion of southern Russia at the beginning of 1917, and later, in spite of the unwillingness of the Russian troops to continue fighting, thanks to the successful repulse of the Central Powers' offensive at Mărășești and Oituz . After the October Revolution of 1917, Russia fell into civil war , and the Russian government began withdrawing its troops from Romania. On 4 and 5 December 1917,
63-561: A Russian delegation of twenty eight, which one of them described as a menagerie because they were chosen to represent the social groups supporting the revolution, including soldiers, sailors, and factory workers. On the way to the railway station they realized that they lacked a peasant— one was recruited from the street. The female representative was celebrated for having assassinated a general. They were led by Adolph Joffe , an experienced Bolshevik who had studied medicine in Berlin, supported by
84-436: A tsarist lieutenant colonel as military adviser and the experienced revolutionaries Kamenev and Lev Karakhan . When they arrived at Brest-Litovsk they found the city a blackened ruin, burnt to the ground during the Russian retreat in 1915. The offices and common facilities of the headquarters were in the fortress which had survived the fire and lodgings were in temporary wooden buildings erected in its courtyards. The delegation
105-474: Is some dispute about whether any agreement was signed on 5 December, and the explicit reference in the text of the armistice to a ceasefire of that date is dismissed as an error. That the 5 December agreement is historical is generally agreed. One of the Russian negotiators, Lev Kamenev , wrote about the details of the agreement in Izvestia on 9 December [ O.S. 26 November]; and
126-854: The Russian Republic led by the Bolsheviks on the one side, and the Austro-Hungarian Empire , the Kingdom of Bulgaria , the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire —the Central Powers —on the other. The armistice took effect two days later, on 17 December [ O.S. 4 December]. By this agreement, Russia de facto exited World War I , although fighting would briefly resume before
147-625: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918, and Russia made peace. The Bolsheviks came to power with the slogan "Bread and Peace". On 26 November [ O.S. 13 November] 1917 three Russian emissaries under a white flag entered the German lines to arrange for negotiations which they agreed would be held at the headquarters of the Central Powers Armies at Brest-Litovsk . A local ceasefire agreement
168-487: The Treaty of Versailles . Romania's cessions to Austria-Hungary were renounced in the Treaty of Saint-Germain in 1919 and the Treaty of Trianon in 1920, while the cessions to Bulgaria were renounced in the Treaty of Neuilly in 1919. Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers#Ceasefires On 15 December [ O.S. 2 December] 1917, an armistice was signed between
189-522: The Central Powers launched a successful counteroffensive in September 1916, capturing Bucharest and occupying approximately two thirds of the Romanian territory by December 1916. The Romanian government was forced to retreat to Iași , in the historical region of Moldavia , but was able to stave off complete collapse thanks to the numerous Russian reinforcements that had been sent to Romania to prevent
210-427: The Central Powers was signed at Brest-Litovsk on 5 December [ O.S. 22 November], the day after the agreement with Germany at Soly. This ceasefire came into effect a day later 7 December [ O.S. 24 November], but expired on the same date as the local agreement of 4 December. It was published in Izvestia on the day it came into effect. In Soviet historiography there
231-653: The German General Max Hoffmann discussed it in his war diary. The negotiations were organized by General Max Hoffmann , chief of staff of the Eastern Armies. His negotiating team consisted of five Germans, four Austro-Hungarians (led by Kajetan von Mérey ), three Ottomans (led by Zeki Pasha ) and two Bulgarians (led by Petar Ganchev). Russian overtures to their French, Italian, and British allies to join in were rejected with "an, angry stony silence". Foreign minister Leon Trotsky assembled
SECTION 10
#1732801119498252-652: The Ottoman Empire Armistice of Villa Giusti , signed 3 November 1918 between Italy and Austria-Hungary Armistice with Germany , signed 11 November 1918 at Compiègne Armistice of Belgrade , signed on 13 November 1918 between France and the First Hungarian Republic Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title World War I armistice . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
273-549: The Russians signed two ceasefire agreements with the Central Powers, followed later (on 15 December) by a full armistice and, under the direction of Leon Trotsky and Adolph Joffe , peace negotiations with the Central Powers in Brest-Litovsk . The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk made Romania geographically exposed. Lacking Russian support, the Romanian government was subsequently forced to sue for peace. The resulting truce
294-433: The armistice was signed later the same day. It provided for a commission to be set up at Petrograd to restore the postal system, trade relations and the transport of books and newspapers. They also agreed to reconvene to begin to negotiate a peace treaty . On 10 February 1918, the treaty negotiations broke down. On 17 February, Hoffmann gave official notice that hostilities would be renewed on 18 February, when
315-443: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_I_armistice&oldid=1054191720 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Armistice of Foc%C8%99ani 1917 Campaign Bessarabia Romania rejoins
336-623: The punitive Treaty of Bucharest , which required Romania to cede Southern Dobruja , the southern Northern Dobruja , and several passes in the Carpathian Mountains and grant multiple economic privileges to the Central Powers. On 10 October 1918, Romania claimed its disabling of the Treaty of Bucharest to rejoin the Allied Powers against the Central Powers. In 1919, Romania's territorial cessions to Germany were renounced in
357-777: The war see also The Armistice of Focșani ( Romanian : Armistițiul de la Focșani , also called the Truce of Focșani ) was an agreement that ended the hostilities between Romania (member of the Allied Powers ) and the Central Powers in World War I . It was signed on 9 December 1917 in Focșani in Romania. Romania had entered World War I in August 1916, invading Austria-Hungary in an attempt to seize Transylvania . However,
378-579: Was reached at Soly on 4 December [ O.S. 21 November] between the Russians and Germans on the Eastern Front (Russia's "Western Front"). It superseded any local ceasefires or truces already agreed to—without specifying what these were—and was to be in effect from 6–17 December. Notice of the agreement was published in Izvestia on 8 December [ O.S. 25 November]. A fuller ceasefire encompassing all
399-482: Was signed on 9 December 1917 in Focșani on the Siret River , which was the site of the main Romanian defensive line. The armistice ended Romanian hostilities with Germany , Austria-Hungary , Bulgaria , and the Ottoman Empire . While the fighting had ended, much of Romania remained under Central Powers occupation after the truce. On 7 May 1918, following this Armistice of Focșani, the Romanian government signed
420-571: Was that Joffe's instructions were to sign a general armistice for all of the fighting fronts, which Hoffmann rejected because obviously they had no such mandate from their allies. The talks were recessed for a week while Joffe obtained new instructions. The Russians returned without their symbolic soldier, sailor, worker, and peasant. On 15 December 1917, an armistice for thirty days was agreed, which would automatically be extended to thirty days until seven days after notice had been given by any party of its intention to resume hostilities. A supplement to
441-486: Was welcomed by Field Marshal Prince Leopold of Bavaria , a younger brother of the King of Bavaria and supreme commander on the eastern front. The Russians ate in the officer's mess, where their hosts endeavored to establish friendly relations with their perplexing guests. After three days of negotiations they agreed on an armistice for 28 days, during which no German troops would leave the eastern front. The sticking point
SECTION 20
#1732801119498#497502