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56-591: Public relations firm Edelman helped set it up to "burnish the UAE’s green credentials". The Summit attracts world leaders, international policymakers, industry leaders, investors, experts, academics, intellectuals, and journalists to discuss practical and sustainable solutions to future energy challenges. The Summit, hosted by Masdar, Abu Dhabi's renewable energy company, and staged at the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre , represents

112-510: A business platform meant to bring together project owners and solution providers with investors and buyers from both the public and private sectors. The Summit is also portrayed as an opportunity for everyone with an interest in addressing climate change to come together to share solutions, reach agreements, and continue to make progress. In 2011, WFES was attended by 35 official delegations, over 26,000 attendees, 600 exhibitors, 200 speakers, and 3150 delegates from 112 countries. The 2011 Summit

168-589: A handicap method for bowling. In 1905, Rubber Duckpin bowling was invented by Willam Wuerthele of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania , catching on in Quebec, Canada . The ABC initially used bowling balls made of Lignum vitae hardwood from the Caribbean , which were eventually supplanted by the "Evertrue" rubber bowling ball, and the Brunswick "Mineralite" rubber ball by 1905. Columbia Industries , founded in 1960,

224-468: A joint venture with United Talent Agency in 2014 that resulted in the formation of a unit called United Entertainment Group (UEG). In 2015, the firm moved into Colombia by acquiring Position Comunicaciones. In 2022, Edelman surpassed $ 1 billion in global annual revenue for the first time. That year also marked the firm's 70th anniversary. On October 1, 2022, it inaugurated the Edelman Museum,

280-410: A major controversy when documents leaked to Greenpeace revealed that Edelman had made some unethical proposals to sway public opinion in favor of its client. TransCanada distanced itself from those proposals as soon as the "dirty tricks" were published in the press. In 2015, the firm said that it would cease work for coal producers and climate change deniers . In June 2016, Edelman was hired by

336-658: A man bowling with a triangular formation of ten pins, before that variant of the sport is believed to have appeared in the United States. An 1828 auction notice , also in Ipswich, explicitly mentions "ten-pin and skittle grounds". In 1819, New York writer Washington Irving made the first mention of ninepin bowling in American literature in his story " Rip Van Winkle ". Newspaper articles and advertisements at least as early as 1820 refer to "ten pin alleys", usually in

392-623: A public affairs firm that counsels businesses on government relations , crisis management , and social justice matters. EGA has expanded since 2021 by acquiring public affairs firms with offices in Brazil, Belgium, Singapore, and the United Kingdom. In 2015, Edelman acquired the UK-based investor relations firm Smithfield. This acquisition led to the creation of Edelman Smithfield, a financial communications team that operated within

448-805: A public feast was held in Frankfurt, Germany , with a venison dinner followed by lawn bowling. English King Henry VIII was an avid bowler. In 1511, he banned bowling for the lower classes and imposed a levy for private lanes to limit them to the wealthy. Another English law , passed in 1541 (repealed in 1845), prohibited workers from bowling except at Christmas , and then only in their master's home and in his presence. In 1530, he acquired Whitehall Palace in central London as his new residence, having it extensively rebuilt complete with outdoor bowling lanes, indoor tennis court, jousting tiltyard, and cockfighting pit. Protestant Reformation founder Martin Luther set

504-486: A royal Egyptian tomb dated to 3200 BC and miniature pins and balls in an Egyptian child's grave about 3200 BC. Remnants of bowling balls were found among artifacts in ancient Egypt going back to the Egyptian protodynastic period in 3200 BC. What is thought to be a child's game involving porphyry (stone) balls, a miniature trilithon , and nine breccia -veined alabaster vase-shaped figures—thought to resemble

560-518: A space within its Chicago offices. The firm is led by Richard Edelman, who assumed the CEO role in 1996. Victor Malanga has been Edelman's global CFO since 2007. Matthew Harrington, a 35-year Edelman veteran and then Chief Operating Officer, was named Global President of the firm in 2019. Judy John was named Edelman's first-ever Global Chief Creative Officer in February 2019. Lisa Osborne Ross

616-842: A standard reference for lawn bowling in Scotland. In 1875, the National Bowling Association (NBA) was founded by 27 local clubs in New York City to standardize rules for ten-pin bowling, setting the ball size and the distance between the foul line and the pins, but failing to agree on other rules; it was superseded in 1895 by the American Bowling Congress . In 1880, Justin White of Worcester, Massachusetts , invented Candlepin Bowling . In

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672-688: Is a multinational American public relations and marketing consultancy firm. The company was founded in 1952 and named after its founder, Daniel Edelman . Since 1996 and as of November 2023 , Edelman has been run by his son Richard Edelman , from its primary headquarters in New York City . As of 2022 , it is the largest public relations firm in the world by revenue , with around 6,000 employees across 60 global offices. Edelman has been accused of establishing astroturf campaigns (seemingly grassroots groups that are fronts for industry) for its clients. The company has provided services for

728-417: Is applied in different specified oil patterns that affect ball motion . A strike is achieved when all the pins are knocked down on the first roll, and a spare is achieved if all the pins are knocked over on a second roll. Common types of pin bowling include ten-pin , candlepin , duckpin , nine-pin , and five-pin . The historical game skittles is the forerunner of modern pin bowling. In target bowling,

784-404: Is credited with inventing the corporate media tour for his work with his previous employer, Toni Home Permanent Co. He toured the country with "The Toni Twins", a set of twins, where one used a professional salon and the other used Toni's home hair-care products. When Edelman started his own firm, Toni became Edelman's first client. Toni was followed by Sara Lee , a small cheesecake company at

840-587: Is the Trust Barometer, a survey designed to measure the public's level of trust in business, government, media, and NGOs . Its findings have been cited in publications such as the New York Times , Financial Times , and Economist . The firm has published the Trust Barometer on an annual basis since 2000. The 2024 edition polled approximately 32,000 people living in 28 different countries. In 2021, Edelman launched Edelman Global Advisory,

896-552: The Los Angeles Times reported that Edelman had drafted a campaign plan to ensure that state attorneys general did not join antitrust legal actions against Microsoft . Documents obtained by the LA Times revealed that the plan included generating supportive letters to the editor, opinion pieces, and articles by freelance writers. The LA Times said the plan included, "unusual and some say unethical tactics, including

952-650: The Lydians in Asia Minor . About 2,000 years ago, in the Roman Empire , a similar game evolved between Roman legionaries entailing the tossing of stone objects as close as possible to other stone objects, which eventually evolved into Italian bocce , or outdoor bowling. Around AD 400, bowling began in Germany as a religious ritual to cleanse oneself from sin by rolling a rock into a club (kegel) representing

1008-540: The United Kingdom and Commonwealth countries, bowling may also refer to target bowling, such as lawn bowls . Bowling is played by 120 million people in more than 90 countries, including 70 million people in the United States alone. In pin bowling, the goal is to knock over pins on a long playing surface known as a lane . Lanes have a wood or synthetic surface onto which protective lubricating oil

1064-811: The fossil fuel industry, which includes earning hundreds of millions of dollars to advocate on behalf of the American Petroleum Institute , a fossil fuel industry group dedicated to the advancement of climate change denial and blocking of climate legislation . It is a partner organization of the World Economic Forum . Edelman public relations was founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1952 by former journalist Daniel J. Edelman , as Daniel J. Edelman and Associates. The company started with three employees and grew to serve 25 accounts by 1960. Edelman's founder, Daniel Edelman,

1120-488: The 1880s, Brunswick Corporation (founded 1845) of Chicago , Illinois, maker of billiard tables began making bowling balls, pins, and wooden lanes to sell to taverns installing bowling alleys. On 9 September 1895, the modern standardized rules for ten-pin bowling were established in New York City by the new American Bowling Congress (ABC) (later the United States Bowling Congress), who changed

1176-685: The 2010s, Edelman was commissioned by TransCanada Corporation to run campaigns supporting the Keystone XL pipeline , a proposed (but eventually canceled in 2021 ) pipeline to carry crude from Canada's oil sands to refineries on the Gulf coast of Texas . Edelman also developed a strategy for the proposed Energy East pipeline intended to carry oil through Québec, en route to a deep water harbor at Cacouna, Quebec for export abroad in supertankers and to refineries in New Brunswick. This resulted in

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1232-892: The ABC. In 2005 the ABC merged with the Women's International Bowling Congress (WIBC) et al. to become the United States Bowling Congress (USBC). In the early 1890s, Duckpin bowling was invented in Boston, Massachusetts , spreading to Baltimore, Maryland about 1899. In 1903, the English Bowling Association was founded by cricketer W. G. Grace . On 1 January 2008, it merged with the English Women's Bowling Association to become Bowls England. In 1903, D. Peifer of Chicago, Illinois, invented

1288-755: The Edelman Digital division with about 600 staff and about half of its work was social media-related. That same year, the firm introduced its Business and Social Purpose division. It also introduced the Employee Engagement Connections Index. In October 2012, the firm opened an office in Turkey . In January 2013, the firm launched The Daniel J. Edelman China Group. In May 2013, Edelman expanded into South Africa by acquiring Baird's Renaissance, which had previously been affiliated with Edelman for 20 years. Edelman launched

1344-437: The Gulf regime, according to US Department of Justice filing documents published by watchdog group OpenSecrets. Bowling This is an accepted version of this page Bowling is a target sport and recreational activity in which a player rolls a ball toward pins (in pin bowling) or another target (in target bowling). The term bowling usually refers to pin bowling, most commonly ten-pin bowling , though in

1400-538: The International Centre for Legal Protection (ICLP), led by Andrey Kondakov, former director in the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs . The company was hired to "turn the tide of public opinion" and "help influence U.S. opinion on a massive court verdict involving the oil giant Yukos ." The company was still working for oil and gas companies in 2022. In 2024 it was revealed that Edelman

1456-629: The National Bowling Council by emphasizing it as a way to stay in shape. Edelman provided crisis communication services to News Corporation during the phone hacking scandal that was exposed in 2011. From June 2012, the firm worked with Symantec to promote the Norton brand of antivirus software . Equifax hired Edelman for crisis control after the October 2017 privacy breach. Edelman's most well-known product

1512-649: The United States. In 1909, the first ten-pin bowling alley in Europe was installed in Sweden, but the game failed to catch on in the rest of Europe until after World War II. Meanwhile, ten-pin bowling caught on in Great Britain after hundreds of bowling lanes were installed on U.S. military bases during World War II. In 1913, the monthly Bowlers Journal was founded in Chicago, Illinois, continuing to publish to

1568-578: The age of 92. In the 1990s, offices were opened in Mexico, Brazil, Argentina , Germany , Spain, South Korea , China , and Belgium . In the United States, a Silicon Valley office was opened in 1992 to serve technology clients, and in Sacramento , California, in 1994. It also opened offices in Florida, Georgia, and Washington. The firm grew to $ 70 million in revenues by 1994. In 1995, Edelman

1624-665: The agency. In 2022, Edelman Smithfield was launched globally as its own boutique firm. Also in 2022, Edelman created the Gen Z Lab, an arm of the firm that advises businesses on marketing to Generation Z . The lab is led by fashion designer Harris Reed and Edelman chief brand officer Jackie Cooper. Edelman has a history of establishing astroturf campaigns (seemingly grassroots groups that are fronts for industry) for its clients. The company has created front groups and advised clients to plant articles, letters and opinion pieces that appear to be spontaneous testimonials. In April 1998,

1680-512: The aim is usually to get the ball as close to a mark as possible. The surface in target bowling may be grass, gravel, or synthetic. Lawn bowls , bocce , carpet bowls , pétanque , and boules may have both indoor and outdoor varieties. Curling is also related to bowling. Bowling games can be distinguished into two general classes, pin bowling and target bowling. Five main variations are found in North America , with ten-pin being

1736-704: The context of a side attraction to a main business or property as distinguished from dedicated "bowling alley" establishments as presently understood. By the late 1830s, New York's Knickerbocker Hotel housed a bowling alley with three lanes. In 1846, the oldest surviving bowling lanes in the United States were built as part of Roseland Cottage , the summer estate of Henry Chandler Bowen (1831–1896) in Woodstock, Connecticut . The lanes, now part of Historic New England's Roseland Cottage House Museum contain Gothic Revival architectural elements in keeping with

World Future Energy Summit - Misplaced Pages Continue

1792-722: The fields of renewable energy and sustainability. Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan introduced the Zayed Future Energy Prize, an honor in the field of energy, at the 2008 World Future Energy Summit. Energy efficiency and CO 2 emissions reduction will be the two industries that win the 2012 competition. The 2012 award also highlights three new categories fundamental to solving our future energy challenges—small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) & non-governmental organizations (NGOs); individuals; and large corporations Edelman (firm) Edelman

1848-451: The following decade. Some former employees and industry experts said its focus on financial growth led to high turnover and client service issues as a result. There was also an unsuccessful attempt by some employees to start their own firm with some of Edelman's clients. Richard Edelman was named Global CEO of the eponymous firm in 1996. He took over for his father Daniel J. Edelman, who remained Chairman of Edelman until he died in 2013 at

1904-453: The fossil fuel industry has been under scrutiny for years." According to a 2021 study, Edelman is a major factor in the climate issue arena. In 2008 Edelman's work with E.ON , which planned to build a coal power station at Kingsnorth attracted protests at Edelman's UK headquarters. In 2009, to coincide with the weeklong "Climate Camp" range of protests, a group of naked protestors occupied Edelman's reception. From 2008 to 2011, Edelman

1960-475: The four years up to 2022. Freedom House has named the Kingdom as one of the "worst of the worst" countries globally as far as human rights, political and civil liberties are concerned. During the time of Jamal Khashoggi 's murder, Edelman was one of the many PR firms to help Saudi Arabia work on its global reputation. The firm received or contracted $ 9.6 million in fees from the agencies and companies controlled by

2016-749: The heathen, resulting in bowlers being called keglers. In 1299, the oldest-surviving known bowling green for target style bowling was built: Master's Close (now the Old Bowling Green of the Southampton Bowling Club) in Southampton, England , which is still in use. In 1325, laws were passed in Berlin and Cologne that limited bets on lawn bowling to five shillings. In 1366, the first official mention of bowling in England

2072-643: The individual country level. In September 1907, the Victorian Ladies' Bowling Association was founded in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia , becoming the world's first women's lawn bowling association. In 1908, the now-oldest surviving bowling alley for the tenpin sport was opened in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in the basement of the Holler House tavern, containing the oldest sanctioned lanes in

2128-539: The more modern game of skittles —was found in Naqada , Egypt, in 1895. Balls were made using the husks of grains, covered in a material such as leather, and bound with string. Other balls made of porcelain have also been found, indicating that these were rolled along the ground rather than thrown due to their size and weight. Some of these resemble the modern-day jack used in target bowl games. Bowling games of different forms are also noted by Herodotus as an invention of

2184-486: The most common but others being practiced in the eastern U.S. and in parts of Canada : Another form of bowling is usually played outdoors on a lawn. At outdoor bowling, the players throw a ball, which is sometimes eccentrically weighted, in an attempt to put it closest to a designated point or slot in the bowling arena. (Ex: Bocce Ball, an Italian lawn game) The earliest known forms of bowling date back to ancient Egypt , with wall drawings depicting bowling being found in

2240-932: The number of pins (which varied from 3 to 17) at nine. He had a bowling lane built next to his home for his children, sometimes rolling a ball himself. On 19 July 1588, English Vice-Admiral Sir Francis Drake allegedly was playing bowls at Plymouth Hoe when the arrival of the Spanish Armada was announced; he replied, "We have time enough to finish the game and beat the Spaniards too." In 1609, Dutch East India Company explorer Henry Hudson discovered Hudson Bay , bringing Dutch colonization to New Amsterdam (later New York); Hudson's men brought some form of lawn bowling with them. In 1617, English King James I published Declaration of Sports , banning bowling on Sundays but permitting dancing and archery for those first attending an Anglican service, outraging Puritans; it

2296-535: The pitch. In June, when word spread across the company that the work was being pursued, debate sprang up on networking app Fishbowl . The work was resigned by Edelman in July 2019 and announced during an all-hands meeting in Washington. On Fishbowl, an employee commented that the executives "took the opportunity to basically shame us for ruining the work for the company because they couldn't trust us not to leak it to

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2352-512: The planting of articles, letters to the editor and opinion pieces to be commissioned by Microsoft's top media handlers but presented by local firms as spontaneous testimonials". In the 2000s, Edelman created a front group called the Working Families for Wal-Mart , which said it was a grassroots organization, but was actually funded by Wal-Mart . It paid two bloggers to travel the country interviewing Wal-Mart employees, one of whom

2408-481: The press." Other employees on Fishbowl made similar comments. The company's official response was that "Edelman takes on complex and diverse clients ... and ultimately decided not to proceed with this work." Edelman also refused to confirm they did similar work for another major private prison company, CoreCivic . The firm has provided services to the government of Saudi Arabia . Edelman and Saudi Arabia have contracts worth about $ 9.6 million (£7.9m) signed over

2464-456: The scoring system from a maximum 200 points for 20 balls to a maximum 300 points for 12 balls, and set the maximum ball weight at 16 lb (7.3 kg), and pin distance at 12 in (30 cm). The first ABC champion (1906–1921) was Jimmy Smith (1885–1948). In 1927 Mrs. Floretta "Doty" McCutcheon (1888–1967) defeated Smith in an exhibition match, founding a school that taught 500,000 women how to bowl. In 1993 women were allowed to join

2520-681: The style of the entire estate. In 1848, the Revolutions of 1848 resulted in accelerated German immigration to the U.S., reaching 5 million by 1900, bringing their love of beer and bowling with them; by the late 19th century they made New York City a center of bowling. In 1848, the Scottish Bowling Association for lawn bowling was founded in Scotland by 200 clubs; it was dissolved then refounded in 1892. In 1864, Glasgow cotton merchant William Wallace Mitchell (1803–1884) published Manual of Bowls Playing , which became

2576-637: The time, and a bowling equipment manufacturer, Brunswick Corporation . Edelman opened the Manhattan office in 1960. In 1966, it promoted Californian wine for the California Wine Institute. In 1977 Edelman secured the landing rights for Concorde . The New York office grew from $ 1 million to $ 20 million in revenues from 1979 to the late 1980s under the leadership of Daniel Edelman's son, Richard Edelman. By 1981, Edelman had five international offices and it opened six more over

2632-547: The years not included in History above have included: Heineken , Vidal Sassoon , Red Cross , Cantor Fitzgerald , Royal Dutch Shell , The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , and Starbucks. From 1962, Edelman worked with Finland to improve its image, in part through the Finnfacts Institute founded by the company. It promoted wine for the California Wine Institute, and promoted bowling for

2688-490: Was a senior Edelman employee's sister. According to The New Yorker , "everyone she talked to was delighted with Wal-Mart". In 2006, BusinessWeek reported that the public relations effort, which was positioned as a grassroots blog, was actually paid for by Wal-Mart. The New Yorker called it a "blatant example of astroturfing ". In 2007, it was reported that Wal-Mart paid Edelman approximately $ 10 million annually. According to The Washington Post , Edelman's "work with

2744-525: Was attended by several world leaders, including Ban Ki-moon , Olafur Ragnar Grimsson , Asif Ali Zardari , Jose Socrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa , Sheikh Hasina , Nikoloz Gilauri , Crown Princess Victoria , Prince Guillaume . The Young Future Energy Leaders (YFEL) is an element of the annual World Future Energy Summit (WFES). A program of the Masdar Institute, it is committed to raising awareness and engaging students and young professionals in

2800-577: Was made, when King Edward III banned it as a distraction to archery practice. In the 15th–17th centuries, lawn bowling spread from Germany into Austria, Switzerland, and the Low Countries, with playing surfaces made of cinders or baked clay. In 1455, lawn bowling lanes in London were first roofed-over, turning bowling into an all-weather game. In Germany, they were called kegelbahns and were often attached to taverns and guest houses. In 1463,

2856-539: Was named CEO of Edelman's U.S. operation in April 2021. Ross became the first Black woman to run a PR operation of that size. Ross announced in October 2023 that she was leaving the firm. In January 2024, Kirsty Graham took over as Edelman's U.S. CEO. In May 2022, Soni Basi joined the firm as its Chief People Officer. In May 2023, Edelman named Ed Williams its first international president, overseeing its APAC , EMEA , Canadian and Latin American operations. Clients over

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2912-425: Was paid an average of $ 68.9 million a year by the American Petroleum Institute , which has been dedicated to the advancement of climate change denial and blocking of climate legislation . Analysts estimate that Edelman earned at least $ 100 million more from the organization. Edelman used front groups to help the American Petroleum Institute reduce the perceived environmental damage caused by oil companies. In

2968-584: Was reissued in 1633 by his successor Charles I , then ordered publicly burned in 1643 by the Puritan Parliament. In 1670, Dutchmen liked to bowl at the Old King's Arms Tavern near modern-day 2nd and Broadway in New York City. In 1733, Bowling Green in New York City was built on the site of a Dutch cattle market and parade ground, becoming the city's oldest public park to survive to modern times. A circa 1810 painting of Ipswich , England shows

3024-595: Was the first manufacturer to successfully use polyester resin ("plastic") in bowling balls. In 1980, urethane-shell bowling balls were introduced by Ebonite. Rules for target bowls evolved separately in each of the other countries that adopted the predominantly British game. In 1905, the International Bowling Board was formed; its constitution adopted the laws of the Scottish Bowling Association, with variations allowed at

3080-472: Was the first public relations firm to have a website and began web-based projects for its clients. By the early 2000s it grew to $ 210 million with about 25% of revenues coming from Europe. In September 2010, Edelman acquired a Houston -based firm, Vollmer public relations. In 2000, Edelman published its first edition of Trust Barometer. In 2002, the firm shortened its name from Edelman Public Relations Worldwide to Edelman. By 2012, it had established

3136-526: Was working with the Koch network , despite Edelman making climate pledges. Edelman supported private prison company GEO Group and helped in "laundering the reputation of private US concentration camps" in July 2019. In May 2019, executives from the Washington, D.C. office, including office president Lisa Ross and former Trump White House deputy press secretary Lindsay Walters , went to Florida to present

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