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53-595: From 2012 to 2014 there were separate timed and points divisions, with the tournament held in association with the International Billiards and Snooker Federation . In those years, there was no separate IBSF World Billiards Championship . The rules adopted by the Billiards Association in 1899 are essentially the rules still used today. The tournament has been played on a regular annual schedule since 1980, when it became administered by

106-593: A billiards exhibition for the King and other members of the Royal Family at Buckingham Palace . King George V presented Lindrum with a pair of gold and enamel cuff links bearing the royal monogram. These formed part of Lindrum's essential attire for the remainder of his playing career, and he wore them daily for the rest of his life. His record break of 4,137 was made in a match he lost against Joe Davis at Thurston's Hall on 19 January 1932. However, this precipitated

159-418: A championship game in 1825. Carr died on the eve of the match, and Kentfield hence assumed the title. He would remain unchallenged for 24 years. John Roberts Sr. , who had spent years touring and establishing his reputation as a billiards player, challenged Kentfield. There was much controversy over the table and the pockets to be used, and Kentfield declined to play, so Roberts styled himself as champion,

212-602: A change in the rules of the game. As this break mostly consisted of long runs of close cannons (a total of 902 cannons were scored), the Billiards Control Council established the first version of the baulk-line-rule, in which the cue ball had to cross the baulk line every 200 points during a break. A 1932 tour of the United States and Canada by several players, including Lindrum, proved a disaster, with disappointing attendances and financial losses by

265-658: A new world record for fast scoring when he completed 1,000 points in 28 minutes in Johannesburg. On 30 July 1960, at the age of 61, Walter Lindrum suddenly became ill and died while on holiday in Surfers Paradise, Queensland . The cause of death was officially listed as heart failure , but it has alternatively been suggested that he died as a result of food poisoning from a steak and kidney pie . Following his death, cricketing legend Sir Donald Bradman wrote to Lindrum's niece, Dolly Lindrum: "In my opinion he

318-544: A record aggregate of 30,817 during the fortnight match against Willie Smith. In this match he made 10 breaks over 1,000 with a highest of 2,419. In his final match of the tour against Smith in London, Lindrum's performance set numerous records: the highest individual aggregate (36,256), the largest winning margin (21,285), a record match average (262), and a record number of four-figure breaks (11). Smith, although beaten, had played excellently with an average of 109 per innings for

371-754: A result of the split, the WPBSA has revoked the Professional Main Tour cards that were once afforded to the IBSF World Men's and World Under-21 Champions. On 5 October 2017, WPBSA announced the formation of the World Snooker Federation (WSF), with stated goals similar to those of WCBS but with a focus on amateur and professional snooker, and an invitation for regional and national amateur snooker federations to join WSF. As

424-551: A third time in July 1956, to Beryl Elaine, née Carr, who survived him. During the mid-1920s Walter Lindrum's standard of play was without effective competition in Australia, with many players refusing to play against him. As a result, exhibition matches were often organised, especially with New Zealand Billiard Champion Clark McConachy . Lindrum published his instructional book, Billiards , in 1930 [first printed date in book]. It

477-616: A three-table billiard parlour. By 1921 Walter Lindrum was defeating his older brother, Frederick III, then the Australian Billiards Champion. Walter refused to play his brother for the title. Walter married Rose Coates in 1929 in Sydney. She was dying at this time and died soon after. His second marriage was to Alicia Hoskin on 9 April 1933 in London. Known as Sue, Walter and his wife toured the world for many years. Alicia and Walter were divorced in 1955. Walter married

530-509: A title he held unchallenged until 1870 , when he lost to William Cook . Cook beat Roberts's son John Roberts Jr. in a match in 1869, and challenged Roberts Sr. for the title. As this was the first actual match for the World Championship, the players themselves drew up a special set of rules for the game. Roberts managed to have the pocket width reduced to 3 inches (from the original 3 5 ⁄ 8  inches), and

583-457: A trip to Australia in 1968, Rex Williams decided to travel to Auckland to challenge the reigning champion Clark McConachy for the billiards title. This was the first contest since McConachy's 1951 win and, aged 73 by this time, his play was affected by his Parkinson's disease . In what turned out to be a poor-quality match, Williams won the title. Leslie Driffield , a member of the BA&;CC,

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636-617: Is an organisation that governs non-professional snooker and English billiards around the world. As of January 2020, the organisation is headquartered in Doha , Qatar . The World Billiards and Snooker Council (WB&SC) was established in 1971, following a meeting of a number of national associations at a hotel in Malta during the World Amateur Billiards Championship . The associations were dissatisfied that

689-570: Is noted for its historical association with him by the Port Phillip Council. Lindrum is generally regarded as one of the all-time great Australian sporting heroes, along with the likes of Donald Bradman , Heather McKay , Margaret Court , Haydn Bunton, Sr. and Hubert Opperman . In Melbourne, the Hotel Lindrum on Flinders Street has incorporated much memorabilia associated with Walter Lindrum. The building formerly housed

742-664: The Billiards and Snooker Control Council was controlling both the UK and international games. Player and journalist Clive Everton served as the first secretary, and his office served as the first office of the WB&;SC. In 1973, the WB&SC renamed itself as the International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) and began to control non-professional billiards and snooker championships. The aims and objectives of

795-825: The County Court of Victoria in September 2023 concerned the ownership of Lindrum's memorabilia in the context of an alleged trust agreement established in 1966. In 1981 Lindrum was honoured on a postage stamp issued by Australia Post , which featured a caricature of him by famed artist Tony Rafty . Lindrum was inducted into the Sport Australia Hall of Fame and the Western Australia Sporting Hall of Champions in 1985. His house in Melbourne at 158 Kerferd Road, Albert Park ,

848-643: The World Billiards Championship . Tournaments were held in both points and timed format. In 2015, the IBSF withdrew from World Billiards Limited and reinstituted its own championship. David Causier (with six titles), Pankaj Advani (three titles), and Peter Gilchrist are other multiple title winners in the modern game. Main sources: English Amateur Billiards Association, A History of Billiards (Clive Everton), Cue Sports India Additional Source: Billiards (1899) by Joseph Bennett As there

901-576: The World Professional Billiards Championship from 1933 until his retirement in 1950. Being the first Lindrum born in Western Australia , he was named Walter Albert to have the initials of the state where he was born. He was one of the most successful players ever seen in billiards, with 57 world records to his credit, some of which still stand. Lindrum's grandfather, Frederick William Lindrum I ,

954-415: The "D" and spots were adjusted so that Cook's spot stroke strength, derived from his proficiency at consecutively potting the red ball from its spot, was weakened. Cook was nonetheless considered the favourite, and the 20-year-old had greatly improved since his win over Roberts Jr. the previous year. At 1:38 a.m. on the morning of 12 February 1870, Cook defeated Roberts to win

1007-415: The "all-in" rules that did not include this restriction. Repeated potting of the red was a great strength for William Peall in particular. There were three all-in competitions held separately from the title held by Roberts, for which he was never challenged. Billy Mitchell and Peall excelled in the late 1880s. The Billiards Association (later the Billiards Association and Control Council or BA&CC)

1060-545: The 1980s, most notably Robby Foldvari (winner 1986, runner-up 1987) and Eddie Charlton (twice runner-up, 1984 and 1988). In November 2011, WPBSA formed a subsidiary called World Billiards (Limited), to administer the sport worldwide. As of 2012, the distinction between professional and amateur players was removed and the WPBSA World Professional Championship was merged with the former IBSF World Billiards Championship and simply became

1113-519: The BA&CC. The PBPA then changed its name to the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) on 12 December 1970, and declared itself the governing body for the professional game, recognising Williams as champion. Driffield and Karnehm were, at first, the only two professionals who recognised the BA&CC as having continued authority over the game. In the 1970s, there were further challenge matches for

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1166-575: The IBSF and WPBSA were unable to come to a formal agreement, as required by the WCBS, both had their WCBS membership terminated in December 2018. In March 2019, the IBSF was reinstated to the WCBS to represent snooker. Walter Lindrum Walter Albert Lindrum , OBE (29 August 1898 – 30 July 1960), often known as Wally Lindrum , was an Australian professional player of English billiards who held

1219-590: The IBSF are to "co-ordinate, promote and develop the sports of billiards and snooker on a non-professional level" and to manage the competitions. By the end of 1984, the IBSF had thirty countries as members. As of January 2020, the IBSF has seventy-three affiliated countries categorised into one of the five Olympic regions: Africa , Americas , Asia , Europe and Oceania . The IBSF board of directors has four executive officers (president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer) plus two representatives from each Olympic region. The executive officers are responsible for

1272-622: The Lindrum's Billiard Centre run by Walter's niece, Dolly. One of the original tables from the Billiard Centre has been fully restored there by the original manufacturing company. In April 2009, the Hotel Lindrum hosted the Capital Cup, a billiards tournament that, on its 10th anniversary, honoured the life and history of Walter Lindrum. The mathematician John Littlewood nominated a shot of Lindrum's as "the best stroke ever made in

1325-499: The New Zealand Champion, Clark McConachy, and United Kingdom Champion, Joe Davis, with Davis finishing runner-up. Lindrum won this title, but in subsequent years the title became dormant for lack of challengers, until Lindrum relinquished it upon retirement. The title of World Professional Billiards Champion next passed to McConachy in 1951 who held it until 1968, when he was defeated by Rex Williams . While some made

1378-751: The WPBSA. The event was known as the World Professional Billiards Championship until 2010, and has had other names in the past, e.g. Billiards Championship of the World . In addition, the World Ladies Billiards Championship has been played since 1931 (with interruptions) and organized by World Ladies Billiards and Snooker since 1998. In the early 19th century, there was no recognised governing body or formal championship for English billiards . Jack Carr and Edwin Kentfield were prominent players when Carr challenged Kentfield to

1431-428: The World" tournament. The tournament was played in heats, with the heat between Mitchell and Peall proving decisive on each occasion. The Billiard Association organised separate championships for "all-in" and "spot barred" formats. The Billiards Association published a new set of rules 1 October 1898 that prohibited the push shot stroke, and promoted one championship rather than two. The Billiard Control Club

1484-775: The collection of Robert Menzies , Prime Minister of Australia , and after Menzies' death was presented to the Commonwealth Club in Canberra in 1965. Smith, McConachy and Lindrum departed Australia in September 1929 for a tour of England . Between 1929 and 1933 Lindrum dominated the English billiards scene. With games usually being played to 24,000 points, he would often start conceding as many as 7000 points to his opponents. Lindrum and his main rivals, McConachy, Smith, Joe Davis (World Champion 1928–1932) and Tom Newman (World Champion 1921–1922, 1924–1927), were called in

1537-480: The criticism that Lindrum's play was somewhat mechanical and lacked style, rival and six-time World Champion Tom Newman wrote: "It is the greatest injustice you can do to Walter to call him a scoring machine. Nothing could be more unlike him. He is showing you everything the beautiful game can show." During the Second World War , Lindrum performed about 4,000 exhibition games, raising over £ 500,000 for

1590-602: The day-to-day running of the Federation and are answerable to IBSF members at the annual general meeting , which is normally held during the period of the IBSF World Snooker Championships. Source: 49 Nations: In 2020 Asia Pacific Snooker & Billiards Federation (APBSF) was established in [REDACTED]   Australia with 6 nations. The IBSF—alongside the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA)—was one of

1643-410: The era. There were occasional uncontested matches. The rule said that a player had to accept a challenge within two months of it being issued; if the challenge were ignored, the challenger became World Champion. There was still the issue of the rules, however. Many players preferred the "spot-barred" style with limitations on the number of consecutive pots of the red that were allowed, but some preferred

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1696-415: The match. His world record break of 4,137 was made in a match against Joe Davis at Thurston's Hall, London on 19 January 1932. Lindrum occupied the table for 2 hours 55 minutes, for about 1,900 consecutive scoring shots. He also holds the record break for each country that he played in, the fastest century break (46 seconds) and 1011 points in 30 minutes. In 1933 on a tour to South Africa Lindrum claimed

1749-455: The modern version of English billiards that is still played (with minor revisions) today. There were many challenges for the title before 1911, but the competition was then amended to cope with the influx of new professionals and it became an annual tournament. Walter Lindrum won the title in 1934, after which the championship collapsed. Only two challenge matches took place over the next three decades, one in 1951 and another in 1964. While on

1802-434: The players. Lindrum won the World Professional Billiards Championship in 1933 and 1934, and held it until his retirement in 1950. After the debacle of the 1932 North American tour and his winning of the 1933 World Championship, Lindrum argued that he should be allowed to defend his title in Australia. The 1934 match was organised to coincide with the Melbourne centenary celebrations in September 1934. His challengers were

1855-402: The press "the big five" On Lindrum's second tour of England, in late 1930, Donald Bradman and other members of the touring Australian cricket team , would sometimes attend Lindrum's matches at Thurston's Hall , London . As an indication of the esteem in which Lindrum was held, the critic Neville Cardus referred to Bradman as "the Lindrum of cricket". On 19 February 1931, Lindrum gave

1908-690: The site reportedly remains the most visited grave in this substantial cemetery. Lindrum died intestate . In 2023, it was reported by the Australian Financial Review that Lindrum's family "continues to squabble about who owns real estate and valuable memorabilia for three generations after his death". Further legal action was initiated following the death of Lindrum's niece Irene May, who had died in 2019 with an estate valued at $ 13 million including three properties previously owned by Lindrum in Albert Park, Victoria . A case heard in

1961-399: The spot-barred competition. In 1899, after five years with no challenges to the titles, the Billiards Association changed the rules of the game. After two spot strokes, the red would be replaced on the centre spot, to limit the repetition of "all-in" play. Although detrimental to his personal fortunes, Peall accepted this change and voted for the introduction of the new rule. This gave rise to

2014-473: The technique of playing top of the table , a method to increase breaks . The family were itinerant, and often moved from town to town. Lindrum's first professional game was played at the age of only 13 years. By the age of 16, Walter was regularly making breaks of over 1,000 points during practice at the London Tavern, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne , where Fred Lindrum II was running

2067-462: The title, and won a newly created trophy, £100, and a Maltese cross . The match at St. James's Hall in London was attended by Edward VII , the Prince of Wales . This match ended the dominance of Roberts Sr., as a wave of new players took over the game. The February 1870 match initiated the World Championship, and led to many challenges for the title. Roberts Jr. and Cook were the dominant players of

2120-481: The title. Williams was dominant in this period. In 1980, Fred Davis won at the age of 67 to become World Champion. Since the 1980s, the world championship has sometimes been contested as a series of shorter games, for example in 150-up, the first player to win a designated number of games of first-to-150 is the victor. From 1989 to 2011, Mike Russell was the dominant player, closely followed by Geet Sethi who won five titles. Some Australian players were successful in

2173-470: The two of us." Walter's older brother, Frederick William Lindrum III , became professional Australian Billiards Champion in 1909. Frederick II closely tutored his sons. The family can be considered the greatest billiard playing family the world has ever known. His mother Laura ( née Williams) was locally renowned at both sewing and baking, winning numerous Kalgoorlie baking competitions. Walter often cited her as an influence on him, saying in 1933 after winning

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2226-639: The two snooker-focused organisational members of the World Confederation of Billiards Sports (WCBS). The WCBS is an organisation that promotes cue sports in the form of carom , pool and snooker; one of its aims is to gain the acceptance of cue sports disciplines into the Olympic Games. The WPBSA terminated its relationship with the IBSF on 31 July 2017, over conflicts involving the two organisations' relative leadership positions within WCBS, making allegations of IBSF misconduct. As

2279-618: The war effort (including revenues from sales of his book). Over his lifetime he raised more than £ 2 million for charity. He was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1951, and an Officer of the order (OBE) in the 1958 New Year Honours list. In June 1927 in Melbourne he claimed a world speed record when he scored 816 points in 23 minutes in an unfinished break . During 1930 in Manchester, Lindrum set

2332-483: The world championship: "She gave me my desire to win. She helped further my passion for both winning and the sport, and she's truly an inspiration to me." Walter himself was born on 29 August 1898 in the Western Australian mining town of Kalgoorlie . He lost the tip of his index finger on his right hand in an accident in 1901, and his father taught him to play billiards left-handed. Much of his childhood

2385-415: Was Australia's first World Professional Billiards Champion having defeated the English master, John Roberts, Sr. , in 1869. Walter's father, Frederick William Lindrum II , was an Australian Billiards Champion at the age of 20. According to Walter, from 1909 to 1912 his father was the greatest billiard player in the world but "only...my brother Fred and myself knew it. He passed over public matches to coach

2438-714: Was established in 1908 as a rival to the Billiard Association and organised a separate championship. After the 1919 Championship, the Billiard Association and the Billiard Control Club amalgamated and, as the Billiards Association and Control Club (later renamed as the Billiards Association and Control Council) organised an annual championship tournament. Books International Billiards and Snooker Federation The International Billiards & Snooker Federation ( IBSF )

2491-426: Was forced to abandon the third game midway through, upon the death of his wife due to heart failure. While technically the match was a forfeit, Smith refused to accept the trophy and insisted it be awarded to Lindrum. On 7 December 1929, Lindrum made a world record break of 3,262. The cue was endorsed with an engraved ivory plate 'The World's Record Break Cue. 3262 Dec.7th 1929. Walter Lindrum, Australia'. It came into

2544-505: Was formed in February 1885, and produced a new set of rules in September 1885. They sanctioned two championships, one with a "spot-barred" format and the other "all-in". Roberts Jr. showed no interest in the competition, but the tournaments went ahead regardless. The "championship table" that had been created by Roberts Sr. was abandoned, and the normal table was used instead. Peall held the all-in title unchallenged, whereas Mitchell dominated

2597-401: Was no governing body in place, the rules were agreed between players, with representatives of The Sportsman newspaper providing arbitration if required. These matches were arranged between the players, and not recognised by the Billiard Association. With the Billiards Association championship in abeyance, the billiard table manufacturers George Wright and Company organised a "Championship of

2650-450: Was not only the greatest billiards player who ever lived, but he was also the most modest of great champions." His body was returned to Melbourne, and he was given a state funeral attended by 1,500 people. He was buried at Melbourne General Cemetery , with champion cyclist Sir Hubert Opperman raising the funds for a distinctive monument consisting of a billiards table, complete with balls and cue; more than fifty years after his death

2703-740: Was present at a meeting where the Council nominated him as the challenger to Rex Williams for the professional Billiards Championship. Williams declined to play Driffield within the five-month time limit set by the BA&CC, which expired on 7 July 1970, thus forfeiting the title, which was then contested between Driffield and Jack Karnehm in June 1971. On 1 October 1970, the Professional Billiard Players Association (PBPA)—which had been re-established in 1968 by Williams and seven other players—disaffiliated from

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2756-504: Was revised and reprinted in 1940 as Billiards and Snooker , "proceeds from the sale going to the Lindrum War Drive", his World War II fundraising effort, in later printings. It was not until 1929 that Willie Smith , World Champion in 1920 and 1923, and one of the best English billiards players of the time, visited Australia and played three fairly even matches against Lindrum. With both players being one match up, Lindrum

2809-536: Was spent practising billiards for up to twelve hours per day, under his father's tutelage on his two billiard tables in the Palace Hotel, Kalgoorlie , and also guided by William (Billy) Weston , a former New Zealand Billiard Champion, who owned a billiard saloon at the corner of Brookman and Wilson Streets in Kalgoorlie . Standing on a crate to reach the table, Lindrum was "polished" by Weston, who taught him

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