Gyrovagues (sometimes Gyrovagi or Gyruvagi or gyratory monks ) were wandering or itinerant monks without fixed residence or leadership , who relied on charity and the hospitality of others.
23-459: Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations . Travel can be done by foot , bicycle , automobile , train , boat , bus , airplane , ship or other means, with or without luggage , and can be one way or round trip. Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism . The origin of the word "travel" is most likely lost to history. The term "travel" may originate from
46-668: A Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions survey in October 2000): Location (geography) In geography, location or place are used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface . The term location generally implies a higher degree of certainty than place , the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous boundary, relying more on human or social attributes of place identity and sense of place than on geometry. A populated place
69-459: A passport and visa . Tours are a common type of travel. Examples of travel tours are expedition cruises, small group tours, and river cruises. Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety . When traveling abroad, the odds favor a safe and incident-free trip, however, travelers can be subject to difficulties, crime and violence. Some safety considerations include being aware of one's surroundings, avoiding being
92-466: A class of monk, which may have been identical, who were reputed to be gluttons who refused to fast at the proper times. Up until the time of Benedict, several attempts had been made by various synods at suppressing and disciplining monks who refused to settle in a cloister . With the establishment of the Rule of St. Benedict in the 8th century, the cenobitic and eremitic forms of monasticism became
115-713: A long way in transportation since Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World from Spain in 1492, an expedition which took over 10 weeks to arrive at the final destination; to the 21st century when aircraft allows travel from Spain to the United States overnight. Travel in the Middle Ages offered hardships and challenges, though it was important to the economy and to society. The wholesale sector depended (for example) on merchants dealing with/through caravans or sea-voyagers, end-user retailing often demanded
138-482: Is called a settlement . A locality , settlement , or populated place is likely to have a well-defined name but a boundary that is not well defined, but rather varies by context. London , for instance, has a legal boundary, but this is unlikely to completely match with general usage. An area within a town, such as Covent Garden in London, also almost always has some ambiguity as to its extent. In geography, location
161-404: Is considered to be more precise than "place". A relative location, or situation, is described as a displacement from another site. In simpler terms, relative location is where something is compared to another. Relative location is widely used for travelling and shipping because it helps people know where a place is compared to another. It does not have to be extremely specific, but enough that it
184-696: Is known where each place's absolute location is. For example, Singapore is in Southeast Asia, whilst the USA is in North America - a broad example of relative location. An absolute location can be designated using a specific pairing of latitude and longitude in a Cartesian coordinate grid (for example, a spherical coordinate system or an ellipsoid-based system such as the World Geodetic System ) or similar methods. For example,
207-432: Is often a requirement to obtain temporary auto insurance valid in the country being visited. It is also advisable to become oriented with the driving rules and regulations of destination countries. Wearing a seat belt is highly advisable for safety reasons; many countries have penalties for violating seatbelt laws . There are three main statistics which may be used to compare the safety of various forms of travel (based on
230-509: Is the number of degrees north or south of the equator . Because latitude and longitude are expressed relative to these lines, a position expressed in latitude and longitude is also a relative location. Gyrovague The term, coming from French gyrovague , itself from Late Latin gyrovagus ( gyro- , "circle" and vagus , "wandering"), refers to a type of monk, rather than to a specific order, and may be pejorative as gyrovagues are almost universally denounced by Christian writers of
253-551: The Early Middle Ages . The Council of Chalcedon (451) and Second Council of Nicaea (787) prohibit this practice. The "gyrovagi" were denounced as wretched by Benedict of Nursia (480 – 547), who accused them of indulging their passions and cravings. Augustine (354 – 430) called them Circumcelliones ( circum cellas = those who prowl around the barns) and attributed the selling of fake relics as their innovation. Cassian ( c. 360 – c. 435) also mentions
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#1732766294628276-549: The Old French word travail , which means 'work'. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word travel was in the 14th century. It also states that the word comes from Middle English travailen , travelen (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French travailler (which means to work strenuously, toil). In English, people still occasionally use
299-509: The 20th century, notably after the Second World War where there was a surplus of both aircraft and pilots. Air travel has become so ubiquitous in the 21st century that one woman, Alexis Alford , visited all 196 countries before the age of 21. Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport , while international travel typically requires
322-595: The accepted form of monasticism within the Christian Church , and the wandering monk phenomenon faded into obscurity. As with the term Sarabaites , after the eighth century the term Gyrovagi was sometimes used pejoratively to refer to degenerate monks within a monastery , or to travelling salesmen . In the early 13th century, some of the first Friars Preachers of the Dominican order were dismissed as gyrovagues, and their active preaching dismissed as beneath
345-439: The advent of a network of railways in the 19th century. Travel for the purpose of tourism is reported to have started around this time when people began to travel for fun as travel was no longer a hard and challenging task. This was capitalized on by people like Thomas Cook selling tourism packages where trains and hotels were booked together. Airships and airplanes took over much of the role of long-distance surface travel in
368-705: The destination. Travel to Mount Everest , the Amazon rainforest , extreme tourism , and adventure travel are more difficult forms of travel. Travel can also be more difficult depending on the method of travel, such as by bus , cruise ship , or even by bullock cart . Reasons for traveling include recreation , holidays, rejuvenation, tourism or vacationing , research travel, the gathering of information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity , migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages and mission trips , business travel , trade , commuting , obtaining health care, waging or fleeing war , for
391-591: The dignity of the serious religious who lived in monasteries. In Defence of the Mendicants , the Flemish Dominican Thomas of Cantimpré wrote: Well, my brethren, you need not be ashamed to be called or to be gyrovagues. You are in the company of St. Paul, the teacher of the nations...While they [the monks] sit in their monasteries...you go touring round with Paul, doing the job you have been given to do. This Christianity -related article
414-684: The enjoyment of traveling, or other reasons. Travelers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling ; or vehicles , such as public transport , automobiles , trains , ferries , boats , cruise ships and airplanes . Motives for travel include: Travel dates back to antiquity where wealthy Greeks and Romans would travel for leisure to their summer homes and villas in cities such as Pompeii and Baiae . While early travel tended to be slower, more dangerous, and more dominated by trade and migration, cultural and technological advances over many years have tended to mean that travel has become easier and more accessible. Humankind has come
437-657: The late 16th century, it became fashionable for young European aristocrats and wealthy upper-class men to travel to significant European cities as part of their education in the arts and literature. This was known as the Grand Tour , and included cities such as London, Paris, Venice, Florence, and Rome. However, the French Revolution brought with it the end of the Grand Tour. Travel by water often provided more comfort and speed than land-travel, at least until
460-500: The position of New York City in the United States can be expressed using the coordinate system as the location 40.7128°N (latitude), 74.0060°W ( Absolute locations are also relative locations, since even absolute locations are expressed relative to something else. For example, longitude is the number of degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian , a line arbitrarily chosen to pass through Greenwich , England. Similarly, latitude
483-490: The services of many itinerant peddlers wandering from village to hamlet, gyrovagues (wandering monks) and wandering friars brought theology and pastoral support to neglected areas, traveling minstrels toured, and armies ranged far and wide in various crusades and in sundry other wars. Pilgrimages were common in both the European and Islamic world and involved streams of travelers both locally and internationally. In
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#1732766294628506-495: The target of a crime, leaving copies of one's passport and itinerary information with trusted people, obtaining medical insurance valid in the country being visited and registering with one's national embassy when arriving in a foreign country. Many countries do not recognize drivers' licenses from other countries; however most countries accept international driving permits . Automobile insurance policies issued in one's own country are often invalid in foreign countries, and it
529-495: The words travail , which means struggle. According to Simon Winchester in his book The Best Travelers' Tales (2004) , the words travel and travail both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the tripalium (in Latin it means "three stakes", as in to impale). This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times. Travel in modern times may or may not be much easier, depending upon
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