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59-597: Initial reports characterized the accord as an agreement with the Taliban. However, the Government of Pakistan has strenuously denied that the Taliban were party to the accord, nor that the accord is a deal with the Taliban. News sources continue to report that the Taliban fighters exert significant and perhaps dominant control over the area, and were the main force behind the peace agreement (see Islamic Emirate of Waziristan ). Voice of America reports, for instance, that

118-584: A cabinet as well as running the government operations. The Prime Minister makes key appointments on various important positions, including; The Cabinet can have a maximum of 11 percent (50 members including the Prime Minister) of the total strength of the Parliament . Each Cabinet member must be a member of Parliament (MP). The Cabinet Ministers chair the Cabinet and are further assisted by

177-729: A government: the legislative , whose powers are vested in a bicameral Parliament ; the executive , consisting of the President , aided by the Cabinet which is headed by the Prime Minister ; and the judiciary , with the Supreme Court . Effecting the Westminster system for governing the state, the government is mainly composed of the executive , legislative , and judicial branches, in which all powers are vested by

236-595: Is a series of planned economic programs to take control of financial imbalances and equally manage the financial resources for the four provinces to meet their expenditure liabilities while alleviating the horizontal fiscal imbalances. According to stipulations and directions of the Constitution, the provisional governments and Federal government compete to get higher share of the program's revenues in order to stabilize their own financial status. Aviation Division Romanization of Urdu Roman Urdu

295-696: Is declining in India with the wider use of Hindi and English in the states. Bollywood , India's major film industry, uses a version of Roman script as the main script for its film titles. This is because Bollywood films have an appeal for viewers across South Asia and even in the Middle East . The Devanāgarī script is used mostly by Hindi speakers while the Perso-Arabic script is used primarily by Urdu speakers. The language used in Bollywood films

354-523: Is in Islamabad , "Islamabad" is commonly used as a metonym for the federal government. The Constitution of Pakistan established and constituted the federal government of four provinces of federation of nation-state, known as State of Pakistan . The Constitution reads as: The Federal Government is Subject to the Constitution. The executive authority of the Federation shall be exercised in

413-468: Is not to deal with the Taliban. It is actually to fight the Taliban." Former Pakistan cricket captain and leader of a political party, Imran Khan stated "Waziristan has been a disaster; there's been a disgraceful withdrawal from there. The Pakistan Army has been defeated" Afghan Foreign Minister Rangeen Dadfar Spanta said the peace accord in North Waziristan is insufficient. He commented to

472-510: Is often called Hindi, but most dialogues are actually written in Hindustani —they can be understood by Urdu and Hindi speakers alike. Because the film industry wants to reach the largest possible audience, just using the Devanāgarī or Perso-Arabic script would be unfavorable for the Bollywood industry as few individuals are literate in both scripts. For this reason, the neutral Roman script

531-641: Is selected to be the Prime Minister. All members of the federal legislature, the Parliament, are directly elected. Elections in Pakistan take place every five years by universal adult suffrage. There are four provincial governments that rule the four provinces of the state. The Chief Minister heads the provincial government. All provincial assemblies are unicameral , elected for five years. The Governors appointed by President after consulting

590-557: Is the name used for the Urdu language written with the Latin script , also known as Roman script. According to the Urdu scholar Habib R. Sulemani: "Roman Urdu is strongly opposed by the traditional Arabic script lovers. Despite this opposition it is still used by most on the internet and computers due to limitations of most technologies as they do not have the Urdu script. Although, this script

649-588: Is under development and thus the net users are using the Roman script in their own ways. Popular websites like Jang Group have devised their own schemes for Roman Urdu. This is of great advantage for those who are not able to read the Arabic script. MSN, Yahoo and some desi-chat-rooms are working as laboratories for the evolving new script and language (Roman Urdu)." Romanized Urdu is mutually intelligible with Romanized Hindi in informal contexts, unlike Urdu written in

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708-511: Is used for Bollywood film titles, though some films include the Hindi and Urdu scripts as well. The similar circumstances are also applied with Pakistan's Lollywood filming industry, where, along with the Urdu name or title of the movie, a Roman Urdu title is always provided for viewers. Roman Urdu used on the Internet is non-standard and has irregular spelling. Users who use Roman Urdu on

767-440: Is used in some slightly more formal contexts than informal Romanised Arabic . One example is the word عورت , ʿaurat . Formal transliterations often include a punctuation mark (') or special character (ʻ) for the ayn ع but this is omitted in informal romanization. Adding the special characters makes it harder to type and would cause things such as Twitter hashtags to break. The discussion on social media about these events

826-511: The BBC : I believe this is a cardinal mistake to believe that Waziristan is the only centre of terrorist activity. I think it is [in] a lot of other places in our region and a lot of organisations and also madrassas [religious schools], that they are the centre of terrorist activity. White House spokesman Tony Snow , commenting on 7 September 2006, said that Islamabad had given the US assurances that

885-491: The British Raj , and its concepts and procedures resemble those of Anglo-Saxon countries . Institutional and judicial procedures were later changed, in 1950s, under the influence of American legal system to remove the fundamental rights problems. The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court of Pakistan , Provincial High Courts , District Courts , Anti-terrorism courts , Sharia courts , and Environmental courts all over

944-511: The CSS examinations . Not all the employees of the Government of Pakistan are civil servants; other employees of the Government of Pakistan come from the scientific institutions, state-owned corporations and commissioned military science circles. In the parliamentary democracy , the ultimate responsibility for running the administration rests with the elected representatives of the people who are

1003-725: The Cabinet Secretary of Pakistan , whose appointment comes from the Civil Services of Pakistan. Other Ministers are Ministers of State , junior members who report directly to one of the Cabinet Ministers, often overseeing a specific aspect of government. Once appointed by the Prime Minister, all Cabinet Ministers are officially confirmed to their appointment offices by the President in a special oath of ceremony. The President of Pakistan , officially

1062-638: The Centre , is the national authority of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , a federal republic located in South Asia , consisting of four provinces and one federal territory . The territories of Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad Kashmir are also part of the country but have separate systems and are not part of the federation. Under the Constitution , there are three primary branches of

1121-402: The Constitution in the Parliament , the Prime Minister and the Supreme Court . The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by acts and amendments of the Parliament, including the creation of executive institutions, departments and courts inferior to the Supreme Court . By constitutional powers, the President promulgates ordinances and passes bills. The President acts as

1180-548: The President of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan , is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and the commander-in-chief of the Pakistan Armed Forces . The office of president was created upon the proclamation of Islamic Republic on 23 March 1956. The then serving governor-general , Major-General Iskander Mirza , assumed office as the first president. Following the 1958 coup d'etat ,

1239-575: The Supreme Judicial Council Article 209 an inquiry into the capacity or conduct of a Judge, who is a member of the council, may be conducted. The civil service of Pakistan is the permanent bureaucracy of the Government of Pakistan. The civil servants are the permanent officials of the government, occupying a respected image in the civil society . Civil servants come from different cadres (e.g. Pakistan Administrative Service , Police Service of Pakistan etc.) after passing

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1298-527: The Urdu alphabet and Hindi in Devanagari . Multinational corporations often use it as a cost effective method for printing and advertising in order to market their products in both Pakistan and India. Although the idea of romanising Urdu had been suggested several times, it was General Ayub Khan who most seriously suggested adopting the Latin alphabet for Urdu and all Pakistani languages during his rule of

1357-557: The Urdu alphabet is derived from the Arabic alphabet informal Romanised Urdu is less eccentric than informal Romanised Arabic . Informal Romanised Urdu does not use numerals, and rarely uses mixed case, because the Arabic letters that lack a clear equivalent in the English Latin alphabet (e.g. ء ع ذ ص ض ط ظ ) are often silent in Urdu or pronounced identically to other letters (e.g. ت س ز ). So, this system of Urdu Romanisation

1416-463: The chairman of Senate exercises the responsibilities of the post, until the actual president resumes office, or the next office holder is elected . There have been a total of 13 presidents . The first president was Iskander Ali Mirza who entered office on 23 March 1956. The current office holder is Asif Ali Zardari , who took charge on 10 March 2024, following his victory in the 2023 elections . Pakistan's independent judicial system began under

1475-425: The military takeover in 1977 reversed the changes. The 8th Amendment turned Pakistan into a semi-presidential republic and in the period between 1985 and 2010, the executive power was shared by president and prime minister. The 18th Amendment in 2010 restored Parliamentary Democracy in the country, and reduced presidency to a ceremonial position. The constitution prohibits the president from directly running

1534-400: The Cabinet ministers as well as the Prime Minister must be members of Parliament (MPs), according to the constitution. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet Ministers are jointly accountable to the Parliament. If there is a policy failure or lapse on the part of the government, all the members of the cabinet are jointly responsible. If a vote of no confidence is passed against the government, then

1593-408: The Constitution, and this is the name that appears on money, in treaties, and in legal cases. The "Pakistan Government" or "Government of Pakistan" are often used in official documents representing the federal government collectively. Also, the terms "Federal" and "National" in government institutions or program names generally indicate affiliation with the federal government. As the seat of government

1652-496: The Government of Pakistan. Taxation is a debated and controversial issue in public and political science circle of the country, and according to the International Development Committee , Pakistan had a lower-than-average tax take. Only 0.57% of Pakistanis, or 768,000 people out of a population of 190 million pay income tax. The Finance Minister of Pakistan presents the annual federal budget in

1711-524: The Internet try to imitate English orthography . In most cases they are unaware of the fact that English spelling is not always phonetic. There are several Romanization standards for writing Urdu among them the most prominent are Uddin and Begum Urdu-Hindustani Romanization , ALA-LC romanization and ArabTeX . There are two main problems with existing Roman Urdu schemes. Either they are not reversible to Urdu script or they do not allow pronouncing

1770-569: The Parliament in the midst of the year, and it has to be passed by both houses of the Parliament . The budget is preceded by an economic survey which outlines the broad direction of the budget and the economic performance of the country for the outgoing financial fiscal year. Constituted under the Article 160 of the Constitution of Pakistan by the Constitution, the National Finance Commission Award (NFC) program

1829-481: The President on a "required and necessary" basis, upon consultation and approval from the prime minister. The president is indirectly elected by the Electoral College for a five-year term. The Constitution requires the president to be a " Muslim of not less than forty five (45) years of age". The president resides in an estate in Islamabad known as Aiwan-e-Sadar (President's House). In his absence,

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1888-496: The Prime Minister (responsible for Prime Minister's Office), Secretary Interior (responsible for law and order), Secretary Finance (responsible for the country's treasury), Secretary Foreign Affairs (responsible for foreign relations), Secretary Maritime Affairs (responsible for ports and shipping), Secretary Power (responsible for the electricity and power sector), Secretary Planning and Development (responsible for development projects), Secretary Petroleum (responsible for

1947-469: The Prime Minister, according to Article 242 of the Constitution. Since 1947, Pakistan has an asymmetric federal government , with elected officials at the national (federal), provincial, tribal, and local levels. Constitution has set the limit of government for five years, but if a Vote of no confidence movements takes place in the parliament (and prelude of movements are proved at the Judicial branch),

2006-558: The Prime minister, act only as representatives of federal government in the province and do not have any part in running the government. The provincial governments tend to have the greatest influence over most Pakistanis ' daily lives. The Local government functions at the basic level. It is the third level of government, consisting Jirga in rural tribal areas. Pakistan has a complex taxation system of more than 70 unique taxes administered by at least 37 tax collection institutions of

2065-468: The Supreme Court to make judicature transfers. Although the proceedings in the Supreme Court arise out of the judgement or orders made by the subordinate courts, the Supreme Court reserves the right to transfer any case, appeal or proceedings pending before any High Court to any other High Court. Misconduct of judges is highly intolerable as is mentioned in the constitution. Under the mainframe of

2124-471: The Taliban and al Qaeda". Another column termed it as an "unconditional surrender of Waziristan" by Pakistan, adding that the deal is "a boon to the terrorists and a humiliation for the Pakistani government." Some other newspapers have commented that the deal is a "short-term defeat" that risked the wrath of its US allies to secure "long-term strategic gains"; and quoted a retired Pakistan general as saying it

2183-527: The Urdu words properly. Another shortcoming is that a lot of Roman Urdu schemes confuse the Urdu letter 'Choti He' which has the sound of voiceless glottal fricative with 'Do Chasham He' which is used as a digraph for aspirated consonants in Urdu script. The digraphs "Sh" for letter Shin and "Zh" for letter Zhe also cause problems as they could be interpreted as the letter Sin and 'Choti He' or letter Ze and 'Choti He' respectively. Most Roman Urdu schemes also do not take much consideration of Urdu orthography and

2242-535: The ceasefire accord would not undermine the hunt for Osama bin Laden and the agreement was aimed at combating extremism. Commenting immediately after the accord, Abdullah Farhad , a local Taliban spokesman, said there were no foreign fighters in the area, and if there were, the Government should have provided evidence of their existence. The deal has been severely criticized in the western press with one editorial describing it as "the terms of surrender by Pakistan to

2301-668: The ceremonial figurehead while the people-elected Prime Minister acts as the Chief Executive (of the executive branch) and is responsible for running the federal government. There is a bicameral Parliament with the National Assembly as a Lower house and the Senate as an upper house. The most influential officials in the Government of Pakistan are considered to be the Federal Secretaries , who are

2360-744: The citizens of Pakistan are set down in major parliamentary legislation (a term inherited from the United Kingdom ), such as the Exit Control List , the Pakistan Penal Code , and the Frontier Crimes Regulations . By the Article 246th and Article 247th to the constitution, the Islamic Jirga (or Panchayat ) system has become an institution for local governance. The 1950s reforms in

2419-533: The country noting that, "the al-Qaeda and the Taliban militants used the peace agreement to regroup and carry out terrorist attacks in both Pakistan and Afghanistan . Government of Pakistan The Government of Pakistan ( Urdu : حکومتِ پاکستان , romanized :  hukūmat-e-pākistān ) (abbreviated as GoP ), constitutionally known as the Federal Government , commonly known as

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2478-2668: The country. The suggestion was inspired to an extent by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's adoption of the Latin alphabet for Turkish in Turkey . In India, where the Devanagari script is used, Roman Urdu was widely used in the Indian Army , as well as in Christian mission schools, especially for translations of the Bible. The Hunterian transliteration system mostly avoids diacritics and non-standard characters. Urdu Bible Khudáwand merá chaupán hai; mujhe kamí na hogí. Wuh mujhe harí harí charágáhoṉ meṉ bithátá hai: Wuh mujhe ráhat ke chashmoṉ ke pás le játá hai. Wuh merí ján bahál kartá hai: Wuh mujhe apne nám kí khátir sadáqat kí ráhon par le chaltá hai. Balki khwáh maut ke sáye kí wádí meṉ se merá guzar ho, Maiṉ kisí balá se nahíṉ darúṉgá; kyúnkṉki tú mere sáth hai: Tere 'asá aur terí láthí se mujhe tasallí hai. Tú mere dushmanoṉ ke rúbarú mere áge dastarkhwán bichhátá hai: Tú ne mere sir par tel malá hai, merá piyála labrez hotá hai. Yaqínan bhalái aur rahmat 'umr bhar mere sáth sáth raheṉgí: Aur maiṉ hamesha Khudáwand ke ghar meṉ sukúnat karúṉgá. ( Kita'b I Muqaddas : Zabu'r 23 az Dáúd ) وہ مجھے ہری ہری چراگاہوں میں بٹھاتا ہے: وہ مجھے راحت کے چشموں کے پاس لے جاتا ہے۔ وہ میری جان بحال کرتا ہے: وہ مجھے اپنے نام کی خاطر صداقت کی راہوں پر لے چلتا ہے۔ بلکہ خواہ موت کے سایے کی وادی میں سے میرا گزر ہو، میں کسی بلا سے نہیں ڈروں گا؛ کیونکہ تو میرے ساتھ ہے: تیرے عصا اور تیری لاٹھی سے مجھے تسلی ہے۔ تو میرے دشمنوں کے روبرو میرے آگے دسترخوان بچھاتا ہے: تو نے میرے سر پر تیل ملا ہے، میرا پیالہ لبریز ہوتا ہے۔ یقیناً بھلائی اور رحمت عمر بھر میرے ساتھ ساتھ رہیں گی: اور میں ہمیشہ خداوند کے گھر میں سکونت کروں گا۔ (کتاب مقدس کے زبور ۲۳ از داؤد) ख़ुदावन्द मेरा चौपान है; मुझे कमी ना होगी. वो मुझे हरी हरी चरागाहों में बिठाता है. वो मुझे राहत के चश्मों के पास ले जाता है. वो मेरी जान बहाल करता है. वो मुझे अपने नाम की ख़ातिर सदाक़त की राहों पर ले चलता है. बलके ख़्वाह मौत के साये की वादी में से मेरा गुज़र हो, मैं किसी बला से नहीं ड़रूंगा; क्योंके तू मेरे साथ है. तेरे असा और तेरी लाठी से मुझे तसल्ली है. तू मेरे दुश्मनों के रूबरू मेरे आगे दस्तर-ख़्वान बिछाता है. तू ने मेरे सर पर तेल मला है, मेरा पियाला लबरेज़ होता है. यक़ीनन भलाई और रहेमत उम्र-भर मेरे साथ साथ रहेंगी. और मैं हमेशा ख़ुदावन्द के घर में सुकूनत करूंगा. ( किताब-ए मुक़द्दस के ज़बूर २३ अज़ दाऊद ) Urdu

2537-469: The country; Supreme Court being the superior court. The Supreme Court of Pakistan consists of a Chief Justice, and Senior Justices appointed by the President after consultation with the Chief Justice of Pakistan . The Constitution does not fix the number of justices of the Supreme Court, though it can be fixed by Parliament through an act signed by the President. The Constitution grants powers to

2596-417: The executive branch – an attempt to preserve individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history. The Prime Minister of Pakistan ( Urdu : وزیراعظم ; lit: 'Wazir-e- Azam ), is the executive head of government of Pakistan, constitutionally designated as the Chief Executive (CE). Popularly elected by direct elections in the parliament, the Prime minister is responsible for appointing

2655-535: The government administration, the constitutional law and jurisprudence in Pakistan have been greatly influenced by the United States Of America ' legal system. Since the 1970s, the traditional jirga -based law has also been in place in a few areas, and has influenced the country's judicial development. The legislative branch has two houses, which combined are known as the Parliament of Pakistan The Parliament enjoys parliamentary supremacy . All

2714-433: The government collapses and a new one must be formed. By general definition, the executive branch of government is the one that has sole authority and responsibility for the daily administration of the state bureaucracy . The division of power into separate branches of government is central to the republican idea of the separation of powers . The separation of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from

2773-412: The government falls and immediately replaced with caretaker government initiated by the president (consultation of Prime Minister also required to make such move), in regards to Article 58 of the constitution. There has been four times that the martial law has been in effect, and controversially approved by the supreme court . Through a general election where the leader of the majority winning party

2832-421: The government. Instead, the executive power is exercised on his behalf by the prime minister who keeps him informed on all matters of internal and foreign policy , as well as all legislative proposals. The Constitution however, vests the president with the powers of granting pardons, reprieves , and the control over the military ; however, all appointments at higher commands of the military must be made by

2891-406: The highest ranking bureaucrats in the country and run cabinet-level ministries and divisions. The judicial branch systematically contains an apex Supreme Court , Federal Shariat Court , High courts of five provinces , district, anti-terrorism , and the green courts; all inferior to the Supreme Court. The full name of the country is the Islamic Republic of Pakistan . No other name appears in

2950-461: The ministers. These ministers are accountable to the legislatures which are also elected by the people on the basis of universal adult suffrage. The cabinet and its ministers are expected to lay down the policy guidelines, and the civil servants are responsible for implementing and enforcing it. The federal secretaries are the most senior, experienced, and capable officials in the country. Each ministry/division has its Secretary to oversee and enforce

3009-469: The name of the President by the Federal Government, consisting of the Prime Minister and the (Federal) Ministers, which shall act through the Prime Minister, who shall be the chief executive of the Federation. In the performance of his functions under the Constitution, the Prime Minister may act either directly or through the (Federal) Ministers. The basic civil and criminal laws governing

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3068-483: The office of prime minister was abolished, leaving the Presidency as the most powerful office in the country. This position was further strengthened when the 1962 Constitution was adopted. It turned Pakistan into a Presidential Republic , giving all executive powers to the president. In 1973, the new Constitution established Parliamentary democracy and reduced president's role to a ceremonial one. Nevertheless,

3127-603: The pact received the blessing of Mullah Omar , the former leader of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan . The accord consists of 16 clauses and 4 sub-clauses. The major points include: Some Islamabad -based observers view the truce accord as a prelude to hot pursuit chases of mujahideen into Pakistan by NATO forces operating in Afghanistan. They view it as a defeat for the principle of territorial integrity of Pakistan. Pervez Musharraf has said,"This treaty

3186-545: The petroleum sector) and Secretary Industries (responsible for industrial development). Management of major crisis situations in the country and coordination of activities of the various Ministries in such situations are the functions of the Cabinet Division . Appointment for the chairman of the FPSC , the prestigious body responsible for the recruitment of elite bureaucrats, is made by the President after consulting

3245-621: The public policy matters. The secretaries, who are basic pay scale (BPS)-22 grade officers, are largely considered to be the most powerful officials in the country. Due to the importance of their respective assignments, there are twelve specific federal secretaries which are considered to be the most vital in the Government of Pakistan. These include the Secretary Establishment (responsible for civil service matters), Secretary Commerce (responsible for trade), Secretary Cabinet (responsible for Cabinet Division), Secretary to

3304-413: The spelling system. The system of Romanisation used most often by native speakers differs from the formal systems presented in most English language sources. It contains no diacritics or special characters, usually just the 26 letters of the core English alphabet. Informal Romanised Urdu is mutually intelligible with Romanised Hindi and the distinction between the languages can be controversial . While

3363-462: The use of names such as the "Islamic Emirate of Waziristan" or the "Islamic State of Waziristan" to describe the rebel organizations that wield power in Waziristan. In 2007, the main supporter of the truce Chairman joint chiefs , Gen. Ehsan ul Haq , the main author of the accord and supporter, openly testified the failure to end the violence and expulsion of Central Asian and Afghan Arabs in

3422-462: Was a "tactical retreat ". Additionally, it was argued that "since initiated, all of the deals have failed, precipitating a resurgence of Taliban hostilities." Some commentators have seen the Waziristan accord as giving de facto sovereignty to rebel factions in the region, or at least some form of autonomy or quasi-independence. This perspective, as well as actions taken by these organizations that are usually performed by autonomous countries, has led to

3481-536: Was the dominant native language among Christians of Karachi , Uttar Pradesh , and Rajasthan in the 20th century and is still used today by some people in these states. Pakistani and Indian Christians often used the Roman script for writing Urdu. The Bible Society of India publishes Roman Urdu Bibles , which enjoyed sale late into the 1960s (though they are still published today). Church songbooks are also common in Roman Urdu. However, its usage in Christian contexts

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