33-586: The Waikumete Stream is a stream of the Auckland Region of New Zealand 's North Island . It flows north from its sources in Titirangi , before joining the Oratia Stream . Both bodies are tributaries of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek , which flows into the western Waitematā Harbour . The stream passes through the suburbs of Titirangi , Kaurilands , Glen Eden and Sunnyvale , and since
66-426: A D-rating overall, based on water quality, contaminants and sediment, and ecology. Careful and integrated management of land-based activities, such as development through good land-use practices, and commitment to a programme of integrated management is required to reverse this situation and secure a healthy, productive and sustainable resource for everybody now and for future generations. In response to concern about
99-429: A bar at the mouth makes navigating in or out of the harbour dangerous. New Zealand's most tragic shipwreck occurred on the bar in 1863 when HMS Orpheus ran aground in clear weather with a loss of 189 lives. For this reason, along with the harbour's shallowness, it is not Auckland's favoured port, and, with only one short wharf, the facilities at Onehunga are tiny compared to the other Ports of Auckland facilities on
132-627: A part of Project Twin Streams . Auckland Region Auckland ( Māori : Tāmaki Makaurau ) is one of the 16 regions of New Zealand , which takes its name from the eponymous urban area . The region encompasses the Auckland metropolitan area , smaller towns, rural areas, and the islands of the Hauraki Gulf . Containing 34 percent of the nation's residents, it has by far the largest population and economy of any region of New Zealand, but
165-470: A roughly square basin 20 kilometres in width. The harbour has a water surface area of 394 square kilometres. There is a tidal variation of up to 4 metres, a very substantial change, especially since the harbour, being silted up with almost 10 million years of sedimentation, is rather shallow itself. Because of the large harbour area and narrow mouth between the Manukau Heads , tidal flow is rapid and
198-570: Is 3,702 kilometres (2,300 mi) long. It has about 21,000 kilometres (13,000 mi) of rivers and streams, about 8 percent of these in urban areas. Its highest point is the summit of Little Barrier Island , at 722 metres. Prior to the merger into the Auckland Council on 1 November 2010, the Auckland Region consisted of seven territorial local authorities (TLAs); four cities and three districts: The Auckland Region
231-468: Is a corruption of mānuka , being a descriptive name for the number of mānuka shrubs growing around the harbour, while another asserts that Manukau is the name of a chief who died in the waters of the harbour. Another traditional name for the harbour is Nga-tai-o-Rakataura, referring to Rakatāura / Hape , the tohunga of the Tainui . During the early colonial era of Auckland, an attempt was made to rename
264-573: Is home to at least 23 known species or subspecies exclusively found in the region. This includes plant species such as the Waitākere rock koromiko , the undesccribed Mokohinau gecko , insect species such as the Little Barrier giant wētā , and bird species known to roost exclusively in the Auckland Region, such as the New Zealand storm petrel . Many endemic species are found exclusively within
297-428: Is in the traditional rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki . While the stream's traditional name has been lost, the upper catchments of Te Wai-o-Pareira / Henderson Creek were known as Ōkaurirahi, due to the large kauri trees in the area. When the area was settled by Europeans, the stream was given the name Waikumete, a name applied to the area (but originally referring to Little Muddy Creek to the south of Titirangi. The area
330-604: Is located to the southwest of the Auckland isthmus , and opens out into the Tasman Sea . The harbour mouth is between the northern head ("Burnett Head" / "Ohaka Head") located at the southern end of the Waitākere Ranges and South Head at the end of the Āwhitu Peninsula reaching up from close to the mouth of the Waikato River . The mouth is only 1800 metres wide, but after a nine kilometre channel it opens up into
363-814: The 2018 census , and an increase of 240,936 people (17.0%) since the 2013 census . There were 818,262 males, 832,188 females and 6,036 people of other genders in 544,083 dwellings. 3.5% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 35.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 318,843 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 346,938 (20.9%) aged 15 to 29, 770,949 (46.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 219,750 (13.3%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 49.8% European ( Pākehā ); 12.3% Māori ; 16.6% Pasifika ; 31.3% Asian ; 2.7% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 1.8% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English
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#1732798401894396-704: The Last Glacial Maximum . There are various traditions associated with the naming of the harbour. A Tainui tradition involves the crew of the Tainui . As they crossed Te Tō Waka (the portage at Ōtāhuhu between the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River ), the crew believed they heard voices of people on the other side. When they reached the harbour, they found that this was only birds ("Manu kau"). Another Tainui tradition involves Hoturoa ,
429-541: The Pacific Plate and Australian Plate uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and subsided the Manukau Harbour. It began as an open bay, eventually forming as a sheltered harbour as elongated sand dune barriers formed at the harbour's mouth. Over the last two million years, the harbour has cycled between periods of being a forested river valley and a flooded harbour, depending on changes in the global sea level . The present harbour formed approximately 8,000 years ago, after
462-612: The Waitematā Harbour along the northeast of the isthmus. The harbour has three main arms. The Māngere Inlet at the northeast lies close to Auckland's central city area, with the inner suburbs of Onehunga and Te Papapa situated close to its northern shore. The Ōtāhuhu and Māngere urban areas lie south of this arm, which is crossed by the Māngere Bridge . In the southeast is the Papakura Channel, which extends into
495-477: The Waitākere Ranges , on Great Barrier Island , Little Barrier Island and the Mokohinau Islands . Auckland Region covers 4,941.16 km (1,907.79 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,798,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 364 people per km . Auckland Region had a population of 1,656,486 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 84,768 people (5.4%) since
528-499: The taniwha Paikea guards the Manukau Harbour and Waitākere Ranges coastline. Cornwallis , on the Karangahape Peninsula, was the first site for the future city of Auckland. However, because of fraudulent land sales and rugged conditions, the settlement was mostly abandoned in the 1840s. The surrounding bush clad hills had vast amounts of kauri removed for milling and shipped from a wharf on Paratutai to either
561-554: The Hibernia Stream, which flows parallel to the Waikumete Stream to the west, flowing through Wirihana Park and Kowhai Reserve, meeting the Waikumete Stream at Ceramco Park. The stream is a habitat for the New Zealand longfin eel , the short-finned eel , cran's bully , common bully (toitoi), redfin bully , New Zealand smelt , banded kōkopu , common galaxias (īnanga) and torrentfish (panoko). The stream
594-399: The captain of the Tainui waka. This tradition involves the naming of the Manukau Heads opening and sandbars, which is known as Te Manuka-o-Hotunui or Te Manukanuka-o-Hotunui, describing the anxiety Hoturoa felt when attempting to navigate this passage. The name, originally used for just the mouth of the harbour, became used for the entire harbour over time. Other traditions hold that it
627-429: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 330,039 (24.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 571,350 (42.7%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 345,828 (25.9%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 44,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 194,880 people (14.6%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
660-460: The few separate earlier European settlements was Onehunga, from where some raiding of enemy settlements occurred during the New Zealand wars , and which later became a landing point for kauri and other products landed by ship and canoe from the south, the shipping route being shorter than the one along the east coast to the Waitematā Harbour. However, the combination of the difficult entry into
693-580: The harbour Symonds Harbour, after the late William Cornwallis Symonds , who died in 1841, battling a storm in the harbour. The harbour was an important historical waterway for Māori . It had several portages to the Pacific Ocean and to the Waikato River, and various villages and pā (hill forts) clustered around it. Snapper, flounder, mullet, scallops, cockles and pipi provided food in plentiful amounts. In Te Kawerau ā Maki tradition,
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#1732798401894726-663: The harbour, which limited ships to about 1,000 tons maximum, and the extension of the railway to Onehunga in 1873 made naval traffic on the harbour less important again, though the Port of Onehunga can trace its origins to this time. Construction of a canal between the Manukau and the Waitemata was considered in the early 1900s, and the Auckland and Manukau Canal Act 1908 was passed to allow authorities to take privately owned land for this purpose. However, no serious work (or land take)
759-605: The mainland, the region extends from the mouth of the Kaipara Harbour in the north across the southern stretches of the Northland Peninsula , through the Waitākere Ranges and the Auckland isthmus and across the low-lying land surrounding the Manukau Harbour , ending within a few kilometres of the mouth of the Waikato River . It also includes the islands of the Hauraki Gulf . It is bordered in
792-405: The mid-2000s has been forested with native flora. The stream begins north of Titirangi township, flowing north through the suburbs of Kaurilands and Glen Eden . At Glen Eden, the stream changes course, flowing north-west towards Parrs Park. The stream finishes its course at Millbrook Esplanade in the suburb of Sunnyvale , where it flows into the Oratia Stream . The stream has one tributary,
825-700: The north by the Northland Region , and in the south by the Waikato region. The Hunua Ranges and the adjacent coastline along the Firth of Thames were part of the region until the Auckland Council was formed in late 2010, when they were transferred to the Waikato region. In land area the region is smaller than all the other regions and unitary authorities except Nelson . The region's coastline
858-481: The other end of the harbour at Onehunga for use in house building in the new city of Auckland, or along the coast to other New Zealand settlements. The last mills were abandoned in the early 1920s. European settlement of the area was thus almost often an outgrowth of the Waitematā Harbour-centred settlement, as these settlers spread south and west through the isthmus and reached the Manukau Harbour. One of
891-490: The second-smallest land area. On 1 November 2010, the Auckland region became a unitary authority administered by the Auckland Council , replacing the previous regional council and seven local councils. In the process, an area in its southeastern corner was transferred to the neighbouring Waikato region. Since then, the Auckland Council has introduced a system of local boards to divide the region for local government. On
924-458: The southern side, one near Māngere Bridge, and one on the northern side. Since 1988, there has been an annual interclub competition, hosted by each club in rotation. Despite all that is precious about the Manukau, it is under ongoing threat from constant development and growth, with the pollution and damage that brings. Currently, according to the State of Auckland Marine Report Card, the harbour has
957-468: The urban area of Papakura . In the southwest a further inlet known as the Waiuku River reaches south to the town of Waiuku . The harbour reaches into Māngere Lagoon , which occupies a volcanic crater. Auckland Airport is located close to the harbour's eastern shore. The Manukau Harbour is a drowned river valley system, which formed between 3 and 5 million years ago when tectonic forces between
990-419: Was milled for kauri timber in the mid-19th century. The stream was officially gazetted as the Waikumete Stream in 1988. On 23 May 1992, the Waikumete Stream was polluted with tributyltin by a timber treatment yard, resulting in the death of wildlife and contaminated sediments over the next two years. Between the mid-2000s and the 2020s, large-scale riparian planting was undertaken along the Waikumete Stream, as
1023-557: Was spoken by 92.3%, Māori language by 2.6%, Samoan by 4.5% and other languages by 29.4%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.4%. The percentage of people born overseas was 42.5, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 34.9% Christian , 5.4% Hindu , 2.9% Islam , 0.9% Māori religious beliefs , 1.9% Buddhist , 0.3% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 2.6% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 44.8%, and 6.2% of people did not answer
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1056-433: Was that 712,110 (53.2%) people were employed full-time, 161,946 (12.1%) were part-time, and 43,947 (3.3%) were unemployed. The eponymous city (urban area) of Auckland has a population of 1,531,400 as of June 2024, making up 85.2% of the region's population. Other urban areas in the Auckland region include: Manukau Harbour The Manukau Harbour is the second largest natural harbour in New Zealand by area. It
1089-414: Was undertaken. The act was reported as technically still being in force as of 2008, but was repealed on 1 November 2010. A 2,700 ft (0.82 km) canal reserve, 2 ch (40 m) wide, remains in place. The harbour is popular for fishing, though entry to the water is difficult with few all-tide boat ramps; often local beaches are used. The harbour also houses five active sailing clubs, three on
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