The Warren County Canal was a branch of the Miami and Erie Canal in southwestern Ohio about 20 miles (32 km) in length that connected the Warren County seat of Lebanon to the main canal at Middletown in the mid-19th century. Lebanon was at the crossroads of two major roads, the highway from Cincinnati to Columbus (later U.S. Route 42 ) and the road from Chillicothe to the College Township ( Oxford ), but Lebanon businessmen and civic leaders wanted better transportation facilities and successfully lobbied for their own canal, part of the canal fever of the first third of the 19th century. The Warren County Canal was never successful, operating less than a decade before the state abandoned it.
31-618: The Miami and Erie Canal was authorized by the Ohio General Assembly in 1825. Work began that same year and the canal was navigable from the Ohio River at Cincinnati to Middletown in December 1827. By April 1830, it was open to Dayton . (The entire length to Lake Erie at Toledo opened in 1845.) New York Governor DeWitt Clinton , who was the driving force behind his state's Erie Canal , came to Ohio in 1829 for
62-483: A complicated formula for apportionment, the so-called "major fraction rule." Under it, the state's population was divided by 100, with the resulting quotient being the ratio of representation in the House of Representatives. Any county with a population equal to at least half the ratio was entitled to one representative; a county with a population of less than half the ratio was grouped with an adjacent county for districting;
93-425: A county containing a population of at least one and three-fourths the ratio was entitled to two representatives; a county with a population equal to three times the ratio was entitled to three representatives. To determine Senate districts, a similar procedure was followed; the starting point, however was figured by dividing the state's population by 35. The ratios for the House and Senate and the resulting apportionment
124-508: A grist mill, having purchased water power from the State. Lock 5 was near the intersection of Greentree and Cincinnati-Dayton Roads, where the feeder canal from the Miami and Erie Canal entered. Lock 6 was at Middletown, near where the canal debouched into the Miami and Erie Canal. These two locks raised and lowered boats the remaining 16 feet (5 m), 8 feet (2 m) by each lock. In 1848
155-629: Is named for Chief Little Turtle , of the Miami Indian Tribe Turtle Creek is a tributary within the Little Miami and Ohio River watersheds. Turtle Creek starts from the western plateau above the Little Miami River between Fort Ancient and Oregonia and flows westward through the city of Lebanon , with forks roughly following Wilmington and Oregonia Roads. West of Lebanon it turns south and empties into
186-631: The Miami and Erie Canal in Middletown . An earth dam was once constructed on the turtle Creek near Lebanon, creating a 40-acre (160,000 m ) reservoir to supply water to the canal. Early settler Henry Taylor operated a grist mill on the creek in Lebanon in from about 1796 to 1803. It was one of the first mills in Warren County. It was later sold and abandoned due to limited flow of water in
217-713: The Wisconsinan Glaciation 14,000 to 24,000 years ago. This geology meant the canal leaked considerably. It proceeded through Lemon Township north of the place later called Oakland . Two aqueducts carried the canal over Dick's Creek, near the intersection of Cincinnati-Dayton Road (the Dixie Highway ) and Greentree Road, the state road to the College Township (the aqueducts proved too shallow for use by heavily laden canal boats). It crossed from Butler County into Warren County just north of
248-603: The 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate . Both houses of the General Assembly meet at the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus . The Legislative Service Commission is one of several legislative agencies. It serves as a source for legal expertise and staffing and drafts proposed legislation, also helps serve as an advertisement to the general public as to what is happening inside
279-631: The City of Lebanon acquired the land, eventually turning it into Colonial Park. Little remains of the canal today, chiefly a few ditches on State Route 63 in Turtlecreek Township east of Monroe near the Lebanon Correctional Institution and Warren Correctional Institution . Ohio General Assembly The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio . It consists of
310-495: The Little Miami River at South Lebanon . A North Fork of Turtle Creek begins north of State Route 122 and roughly follows State Route 48 south, joining the main creek in downtown Lebanon. Named tributaries include Reeders Run , Swamp Run, and Dry Run creeks. Reeders Run flows roughly from State Route 123 south of Red Lion and along Markey Rd, entering Turtle Creek west of Lebanon. Swamp Run flows from an area south of Lebanon Correctional Institution, and enters Turtle Creek near
341-517: The Miami Dam. The canal there consumed water at the rate of 1800 cubic feet per minute (850 L/s) (per Morrow's History ) or 2000 cubic feet per minute (940 L/s) (per the Historical and Biographical Cyclopaedia ). From Middletown, the canal went southeast, through the gentle country the Middletown and Cincinnati Railroad would follow decades later, land filled with sand and gravel deposited by
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#1732798247044372-539: The Miami and Erie Canal, investigated repairs to the canal by direction of the General Assembly, that body having requested an estimate of the cost of repairs and an opinion on whether the canal should be abandoned. He submitted a report to the State Board of Public Works which estimated $ 31,613, would be needed to repair the Warren County Canal. Of that sum, $ 16,896 was needed just for dredging. Because
403-511: The North and East Forks of Turtle Creek at Lebanon. The North Fork was dammed by a 100-foot-long (30 m) earth dam to create a 40-acre (16 ha) (per Morrow's History ) to 45-acre (18 ha) reservoir (per Bogen's "Warren County Canal"). Lebanon was 44 feet (13 m) above the elevation of the Miami and Erie Canal at Middletown. Six locks, each 90 feet (27 m) long and 15 feet (4.6 m) wide, were necessary to overcome this. Lock 1
434-695: The assembly. The General Assembly first convened in Chillicothe , then the Ohio capital, on March 1, 1803. The second constitution of Ohio , effective in 1851, took away the power of the General Assembly to choose the state's executive officers, granting that right to the voters. A complicated formula apportioned legislators to Ohio counties and the number of seats in the legislative houses varied from year-to-year. The Ohio Politics Almanac by Michael F. Curtin (Kent State University Press) described apportionment thus: The new [1851] constitution ... contained
465-649: The branch to Lebanon, the Warren County Canal Company. The company projected the work would cost $ 123,861, but work progressed slowly on the canal and the company eventually acknowledged it could not complete it. By the act of February 20, 1836, the General Assembly ordered the Canal Commissioners to take possession of the unfinished canal and to complete it. The State paid the Canal Company 50% of its expenditures to that point;
496-542: The canal had been little used, the State declined to repair it. In the General Assembly, Representative Durbin Ward of Lebanon introduced legislation to abandon the "Lebanon Ditch." In 1854, the state sold the remnants for $ 40,000 to John W. Corwin and R.H. Henderson. The large stones of the locks were used in local buildings, especially the Lebanon Opera House, which burned on Christmas Day , 1932 and occupied
527-529: The company had spent $ 21,742.33. The Canal Commissioners estimated it would take $ 128,000 to finish the project, a sum which proved inadequate. The State spent a total of $ 217,552 for both acquiring and completing the branch. The Warren County Canal was made completely navigable in 1840, it having reached Lock 2 near Lebanon on March 15, 1839. The canal, 40 feet (12 m) wide plus a 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) towpath , began at Middletown between Miami and Erie Lock 31 (Dine's) and 32 (Middletown) at Mile 208. (Mile 0
558-586: The end of December following the special election, with the winner serving the remainder of the term. 39°57′42″N 82°59′55″W / 39.9616°N 82.9987°W / 39.9616; -82.9987 Turtle Creek (Little Miami River) Turtle Creek is a 13.7-mile-long (22.0 km) tributary of the Little Miami River in Turtlecreek Township, Warren County, Ohio , which takes its name from this creek. Turtle Creek
589-621: The groundbreaking ceremonies of the Miami and Erie Canal , which were held in Middletown. On his trip to the Buckeye State, he visited Lebanon, staying at the Golden Lamb Inn . The village's inhabitants caught the "canal fever" of the day and demanded they too have access to the new waterway. The State quickly obliged. On February 22, 1830, the Ohio General Assembly incorporated a private corporation to construct and operate
620-491: The intersection of Columbia Road and Turtlecreek Road between Lebanon and South Lebanon . Dry Run follows Interstate 71 southward and enters Turtle Creek near the center of South Lebanon very close the mouth of Turtle Creek at the Little Miami River. Download coordinates as: Water from Turtle Creek was once used to feed the upper section of the Warren County Canal which started at Lebanon and connected to
651-406: The legislature who had served eight years becomes eligible for election to the legislature after four years out of office. The Ohio House and Ohio Senate use slightly different methods to fill vacant seats. In both chambers, a replacement is first elected by the members of the relevant chamber who are affiliated with the same party as the departing member. In the House, the replacement will serve for
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#1732798247044682-546: The northern boundary of the Symmes Purchase , a point today in the city limits of Monroe , near Shaker Run. The canal continued its path southeast into Turtlecreek and Union townships, along the path of Muddy Creek to about where Hagemans Crossing later was on the Cincinnati and Lebanon Pike ( U.S. Route 42 ). There it turned northeast, paralleling Turtle Creek) and crossing it on an aqueduct, approximately
713-471: The remainder of the term. In the Senate, the replacement will serve for the remainder of the term only if the vacancy occurred after the first 20 months of the four-year Senate term. If the vacancy occurred during the first 20 months of the term, then a special election will be held during the next regularly-scheduled even-year statewide election. The replacement selected by the party members will then serve until
744-471: The route later taken by the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway between Mason and Lebanon . At Lebanon, there was a turning basin in the space bounded by Sycamore Street, South Street, Turtle Creek and Cincinnati Avenue (U.S. Route 42) (approximately 39°25′55″N 84°12′41″W / 39.43194°N 84.21139°W / 39.43194; -84.21139 ). The canal was fed from water from
775-592: The site of the present Lebanon City Hall at Broadway and Main Street. Other stones were used in the bridge across the North Fork. The reservoir on the North Fork of Turtle Creek collapsed in a violent rainstorm on July 10, 1882, causing much damage in Lebanon, including washing out the bridge on Broadway over Turtle Creek. The site was later taken over by the French Bauer Dairy. After it closed around 1970,
806-456: The stream Shaker Run forever damaged the canal. Shaker Run, in western Turtlecreek Township, drained the large swamp on the Shaker settlement at Union Village . The stream frequently jumped its banks and flooded the canal, depositing sediment that required constant dredging and repairs. Finally, Shaker Run broke through the canal's embankment. In 1852, John W. Erwin, the resident engineer of
837-468: The veto to three-fifths. In 1956, a referendum increased the terms of state senators from two to four years. The Hanna amendment (which guaranteed each county at least one representative and all members elected at large) guaranteed that rural areas of Ohio would dominate the legislature. However, several decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court surrounding the legal principal of one man, one vote mandated apportionment proportional to population. Reapportionment
868-499: Was at the foot of Clay Street in Lebanon. Lock 2 was a short distance downstream, still in Lebanon. Lock 3 was about a mile (2 km) southwest of Lebanon near Glosser Road and Turtle Creek. Lock 4 was about 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Lebanon near the confluence of Muddy Creek and Turtle Creek and what was later Hillcrest and Hagemans Crossing . These locks raised and lowered boats a total of 28 feet (8.5 m). At Lock 3, Joseph Whitehill , later Ohio State Treasurer , operated
899-490: Was determined by a board consisting of the governor, auditor, and secretary of state. In 1903, the apportionment system was modified by the Hanna amendment, which also gave the governor veto power over the assembly's acts, which could be overridden by a two-thirds vote of both houses. The last state constitutional convention, held in 1912, gave the governor a line-item veto , but reduced the supermajority required for overriding
930-571: Was on Lake Erie at Toledo, Mile 250 was on the Ohio River at Cincinnati.) This site is about 200 feet (61 m) south of the present Central Avenue; Verity Parkway follows the old path of the Miami and Erie ( 39°30′55.7″N 84°24′08.6″W / 39.515472°N 84.402389°W / 39.515472; -84.402389 ). The canal was supplied by a feeder off the Miami and Erie Canal 3 miles (4.8 km) north at Mile 205 between Lock 29 (Upper Greenland) and Lock 30 (Lower Greenland), south of
961-498: Was ordered in 1964. Starting with the 1966 election, the number of seats in the two chambers were fixed at their present numbers of 33 and 99. Republican activists, led by Fred A. Lennon , began pursuing term limits in the 1980s, in 1992, a referendum set term limits of eight consecutive years in office: four consecutive terms in the House or two consecutive terms in the Senate. Years in office are considered consecutive if they are separated by less than four years. A former member of