27-720: Washoe or Washo may refer to: Washoe people , an indigenous people of the Great Basin in North America Places [ edit ] United States Washoe County, Nevada Washoe Creek , Sonoma County, California Washoe Lake , lake in Nevada Washoe Valley, Nevada , census-designated place Washoe Valley (Nevada) New Washoe City, Nevada Culture [ edit ] Washo language Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California ,
54-539: A Great Basin tribe of Native Americans , living near Lake Tahoe at the border between California and Nevada . The name "Washoe" or "Washo" (as preferred by themselves) is derived from the autonym Waashiw ( wa·šiw or wá:šiw ) in the Washo language or from Wašišiw ( waší:šiw ), the plural form of wašiw. Washoe people have lived in the Great Basin and the eastern Sierra Nevada mountains for at least
81-519: A language isolate , However, it is sometimes tentatively regarded as part of the controversial Hokan language family . The language is written in the Latin script . The Wašiw language is now considered a moribund language as only a handful of fluent elder speakers use the language. There has been a recent revival of the language and culture within the Tribe. "Wašiw Wagayay Maŋal" (the "house where Wašiw
108-580: A federally recognized tribe of Washoe people Other [ edit ] Washoe County School District , in Washoe County, Nevada Washoe (chimpanzee) , a chimpanzee that received training in American Sign Language Washoe (steamboat) See also [ edit ] Washoe County (disambiguation) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
135-457: Is spoken") was the first attempt by the Wašiw people to renew their language for the future generations. The tribe currently relies on the tribal Cultural Resource Department to provide language classes to the community. However, there has recently been a pedagogical shift within the tribe, and the youth have become the focal point of language and culture programs. The Washoe people are considered to be
162-695: The East Walker River from the west 7 mi (11.3 km) south of Yerington to form the Walker River. The river is heavily used for irrigation in the ranching valleys along its lower course. Its waters are diverted along its upper course to form Topaz Lake along the California-Nevada border. It receives the Little Walker River from the south near its source in the mountains. U.S. Highway 395 passes through
189-631: The Middle Fork Feather River ) to the north. The Washoe would generally spend the summer in the Sierra Nevada, especially at Lake Tahoe; the fall in the ranges to the east; and the winter and spring in the valleys between them. Washoe Lake ( c'óʔyaʔ dáʔaw ) was named after them. The Washoe/Washo were loosely organized into three (in some sources four) regional groups speaking slightly different dialects , which in turn were divided in groups (cooperating extending families for
216-802: The Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California over the land around the Lake Tahoe area for cultural purposes. Under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, the colonies in the Carson Valley area of Nevada and California gained federal recognition as the Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California. The colony in Reno, Nevada , which also has a substantial Paiute, Washoe and Shoshoni population, gained separate recognition as
243-561: The Reno–Sparks Indian Colony. There is evidence that some Washoe settled in the southwest region of Montana . The Susanville Rancheria includes Washoe members, as well as Northern Paiute , Northeastern Maidu , Achomawi , and Atsugewi members. West Walker River The West Walker River is a tributary of the Walker River , approximately 95 miles (153 km) long, in eastern California and western Nevada in
270-592: The United States. It drains part of the Sierra Nevada range along the California-Nevada border in the watershed of Walker Lake in the Great Basin . The river derives its name from Joseph R. Walker , a mountain man. It rises from snowmelt in the Sierras of northwestern Mono County , north of Yosemite National Park approximately 20 miles (32 km) south-southwest of Walker in the snowfields on
297-754: The West Walker River Valley, connecting it via Devil's Gate Pass to the East Walker River; Sonora Pass and Monitor Pass lead from the valley into the Sierra Nevada and the Carson River valley. In January 1997 a record-setting flood along the West Walker River destroyed 10 miles (16 km) of U.S. 395. This section of road was rebuilt in six months. The silt carried by the river settled in Topaz Lake, hurting
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#1732772341984324-746: The area, destroying another important resource for the Wašiw. The Pine Nut Dance and girls' puberty rites remain very important ceremonies. The Wašiw people once relied on medicine men and their knowledge of medicinal plants and ceremonies. Much of this knowledge and activity has been lost due to contact with the Western world. Washoe culture was based mostly on the legends that carried the explanation of different areas of life. The legends were handed over from one generation to another by storytelling and were told to younger generations to teach them basic things about Washoe's way of living. Children could get to know about gathering techniques, medicine preparation, and
351-643: The early 19th century, but the Washoe did not sustain contact with people of European culture until the 1848 California Gold Rush . Washoe resistance to incursions on their lands proved futile, and the last armed conflict with the Washoes and non-Indians was the Potato War of 1857, when starving Washoes were killed for gathering potatoes from a European-American farm near Honey Lake in California . Loss of
378-422: The family had his own role in everyday activities like fishing, gathering or hunting which helped Washoe people with doing everyday life tasks more efficiently. The area of residence of Washoe people let them obtain food from three different ways: fishing, gathering, and hunting. Since each way required having special skills and knowledge people were usually trained in one field to reduce the possibility of failing
405-408: The food could have been performed. The winter period was the time of starvation as the stocks of food run out quickly and almost no food could have been obtained over the coldest months of the year. However, Washoe people learned how to survive the hardest time of the year by learning how to use the resources the land had given them. They knew they needed to keep the balance as each way of obtaining food
432-467: The food eaten during the rest of the year. The Washoe people were also deeply knowledgeable about their land and where resources were plentiful. This included an understanding of the seasonal cycles of both plants and animals. Wašiw people were also dependent on fishing at Lake Tahoe and the surrounding streams. Fishing was a huge part of Wašiw life; and each family had its own fishing grounds, until contact with Western civilization led to commercial fishing in
459-551: The indigenous inhabitants of Lake Tahoe area, occupying the lake and surround lands for thousands of years. As the native inhabitants, they believe that they have the best knowledge of how the land should be maintained, and consider themselves to be the proper caretakers of the Lake Tahoe area, which has been a center Washoe tribes yearly cultural gatherings, where most traditional events took place. In 2002, The Committee on Energy and Natural Resources officially granted custody to
486-496: The last 6,000 years, some say up to 9,000 years or more. Prior to contact with Europeans, the territory of the Washoe people centered around Lake Tahoe ( / ˈ t ɑː h oʊ / ; Washo : dáʔaw / daʔaw / Da ow – "the lake"; or dewʔá:gaʔa /dawʔa:gaʔa / Da ow aga – "edge of the lake") and was roughly bounded by the southern shore of Honey Lake in the north, the West Walker River , Topaz Lake , and Sonora Pass in
513-419: The legends were meant to teach them how to appreciate the land they were living in and give them a better understanding of Washoe's lifestyle. Children were raised in the environment which recognized family as the most valued thing. The whole Washoe life was concentrated on cooperation and unity, and older tribe members needed to convey their knowledge to the younger so the tribe culture would survive. Everyone in
540-663: The northeast faces of Tower Peak and Forsyth Peak on the Sierra crest in the Toiyabe National Forest. It flows north, along the west side of the Sweetwater Mountains , emerging into the Antelope Valley , a ranching region around Walker. It flows north past Coleville and Topaz and enters southern Douglas County, Nevada southwest of Carson City . In Nevada it flows northeast, joining
567-467: The region prior to neighboring tribes. The Kings Beach Complex that emerged about 500 CE around Lake Tahoe and the northern Sierra Nevada are regarded as early Washoe culture. The Martis complex may have overlapped with the Kings Beach culture, and Martis pit houses gave way to conical bark slab houses of historic Washoe culture. Washoe people may have made contact with Spanish explorers in
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#1732772341984594-494: The seasonal hunt and living together in winter camps) and in nuclear families. The regional group was determined by where people had a winter camp: Since the western part of the Washo territory was in the mountains and subject to heavy snows, few people wintered there so very few were organized into the western group. Washoe people are the only Great Basin tribe whose language is not Numic , so they are believed to have inhabited
621-583: The south, the Sierra Nevada crest in the west, and the Pine Nut Mountains and Virginia Range in the east. Beside Lake Tahoe the Washoe utilized the upper ranges of the Carson ( dá:bal k'iláʔam ), Truckee ( dabayóduweʔ ), and West Walker rivers to the east as well the Sierra Valley (a site of extensive freshwater marshes filled with cattails, bulrushes and alkaline flats that drain into
648-406: The tasks they were responsible for. Therefore, the Washoe tribe's life was dependent on the actual environment possibilities. Also, scarcity of sources would not let the tribe perform every way at once, therefore the Washoe lifestyle was divided into three periods: "the fishing year", "the gathering year" and "the hunting year". Fall was the richest in food season of the year as all ways of obtaining
675-551: The title Washoe . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washoe&oldid=1191218611 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Washoe people The Washoe or Wašišiw ("people from here", or transliterated in older literature as Wa She Shu ) are
702-410: The valley hunting grounds to farms and the piñon pine groves to feed Virginia City 's demand for lumber and charcoal drove most Washoe to dependency on jobs on white ranches and farms and in cities. The areas where they settled became known as Indian colonies . Piñon pine nuts gathered in the fall provided much of the food eaten in the winter. Roots, seeds, berries and game provided much of
729-414: Was equally crucial for these people to survive. Anthropologist Ernestine Friedl has noted that men and women's cooperation in gathering food lead to "no individual distributions of food and relatively little difference in male and female rights," contributing to gender equality amongst the pre-colonial Washoe. The Washoe / Wašiw language or Wá:šiw ʔítlu (today: Wašiw Wagayay ) has been regarded as
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