65-726: Washington Institute may refer to: Washington Institute for Near East Policy , American think tank Washington Institute for Values in Public Policy , an organization associated with the Unification Church Washington Institute in St. Louis , now known as Washington University See also [ edit ] Booker Washington Institute Lake Washington Institute of Technology Washington State Institute for Public Policy Topics referred to by
130-473: A University of Chicago political science professor, and Stephen Walt , academic dean at Harvard Kennedy School at Harvard University , describe it as "part of the core" of the pro-Israeli lobby in the United States . Discussing the group in their book, The Israel Lobby and US Foreign Policy , Mearsheimer and Walt write: Although WINEP plays down its links to Israel and claims that it provides
195-507: A 'balanced and realistic' perspective on Middle East issues, this is not the case. In fact, WINEP is funded and run by individuals who are deeply committed to advancing Israel's agenda ... Many of its personnel are genuine scholars or experienced former officials, but they are hardly neutral observers on most Middle East issues and there is little diversity of views within WINEP's ranks." In 2011 WINEP Executive Director Robert Satloff criticized
260-427: A discerning knowledge of history." Recipients have included former U.S. President Bill Clinton , former British Prime Minister Tony Blair , former U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice , and former CIA directors Michael Hayden and George Tenet . Despite its pro-Israel tilt, the institute hosted former senior military officials from the U.S., Turkey, Iraq, and Jordan in the 2010s. M.J. Rosenberg criticized
325-499: A mission affiliated with a particular ideology, as opposed to an advocacy think tank , which is staffed by individuals with strong ideological leanings. Academic think tanks focus on producing extensive research reports and books, whereas advocacy think tanks focus on marketing their ideas with condensed materials. Think tanks of all types typically also organize conferences, provide briefings to legislative committee staff, and testify as policy experts. The Washington Institute accesses
390-485: Is chaired by the president . Its members are the vice president (statutory), the secretary of state (statutory), the secretary of the treasury (statutory), the secretary of defense (statutory), the secretary of energy (statutory), the assistant to the president for national security affairs (non-statutory), the assistant to the president and director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (non-statutory),
455-665: Is currently vice president and director of the Foreign Policy Program at the Brookings Institution . In addition to ongoing research, TWI has provided in-depth analysis at key inflection points in Middle East policy, such as during presidential election years. Beginning in 1988, the institute convened bipartisan Presidential Study Groups that have offered policy papers for incoming administrations of either party. The inaugural PSG document informed
520-532: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Washington Institute for Near East Policy The Washington Institute for Near East Policy ( WINEP ), also known simply as The Washington Institute ( TWI ), is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington, D.C. , focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East . WINEP
585-584: Is the national security council used by the president of the United States for consideration of national security , military, and foreign policy matters. Based in the White House , it is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States , and composed of senior national security advisors and Cabinet officials. Since its inception in 1947 by President Harry S. Truman ,
650-702: The Army , Marine Corps , Navy , Air Force and other instruments of national security policy such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), also created in the National Security Act. In 2004, the position of Director of National Intelligence (DNI) was created, taking over the responsibilities previously held by the head of the CIA, the director of central intelligence , as a cabinet-level position to oversee and coordinate activities of
715-1124: The Attorney General , the Secretary of Energy , the Secretary of Homeland Security , the White House Chief of Staff , the Director of National Intelligence , the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency , the Homeland Security Advisor , and the United States Ambassador to the United Nations . The White House Counsel , the Deputy Counsel to
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#1732772554295780-1321: The Deputy Secretary of Energy , the Deputy Secretary of Homeland Security , the Deputy Director of the Office of Management and Budget , the Deputy Director of National Intelligence , the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , the National Security Advisor to the Vice President, the Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development , and the Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency . Invitations to participate in or attend specific meetings are extended to Deputy or Under Secretary level of executive departments and agencies and to other senior officials when relevant issues are discussed. The Executive Secretary and
845-769: The Intelligence Community On May 26, 2009, President Barack Obama merged the White House staff supporting the Homeland Security Council (HSC) and the National Security Council into one National Security Staff (NSS). The HSC and NSC each continue to exist by statute as bodies supporting the president. The name of the staff organization was changed back to National Security Council Staff in 2014. The Directorate of Global Health Security and Biodefense
910-554: The New York Times ' identification of the organization as pro-Israel, saying the moniker "projects two false impressions—first, that the institute does not value American interests above special pleading for a foreign power and second, that the institute must be 'anti' others in the region (Palestinians, Arabs)." In a 2014 study conducted by the University of Pennsylvania 's Lauder Institute , of all think tanks worldwide,
975-580: The Secretary of Commerce , the United States Trade Representative , and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy. The National Security Council Deputies Committee is the senior sub-Cabinet interagency forum for consideration of national security policy issues. The Deputies Committee is also responsible for reviewing and monitoring the interagency national security process including for establishing and directing
1040-500: The attorney general (non-statutory), the secretary of homeland security (non-statutory), and the representative of the United States to the United Nations (non-statutory). The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the military advisor to the Council, the director of national intelligence is the intelligence advisor, and the director of national drug control policy is the drug control policy advisor. The chief of staff to
1105-539: The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and director of national intelligence were to only sit on the Principals Committee as and when matters pertaining to them arise, but will remain part of the full National Security Council. However, Chief of Staff Reince Priebus clarified the next day that they still are invited to attend meetings. With "National Security Presidential Memorandum 4" in April 2017,
1170-490: The director of national intelligence and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff "shall" attend Principals Committee meetings and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency was included as a regular attendee. The reorganization also placed the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development as a permanent member of the Deputies Committee, while the White House chief strategist
1235-582: The national security councils of many other nations. The immediate predecessor to the National Security Council was the National Intelligence Authority (NIA), which was established by President Harry S. Truman 's Executive Letter of January 22, 1946, to oversee the Central Intelligence Group, the CIA's predecessor. The NIA was composed of the secretary of state , the secretary of war , the secretary of
1300-651: The 1990s, prompted by the collapse of the Soviet Union , the Persian Gulf War , and changes in regional strategy, the institute expanded its research agenda to "focus on Turkey and the rise of Islamic politics." It was during the Gulf War that the institute gained public recognition as a source for commentary and analysis. By 1992, it had a staff of 12–15 in-house research fellows, in addition to visiting scholars and support staff. Under Indyk's leadership,
1365-747: The American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC), founded in 1959 and by the 1970s by far the most well-funded, visible, and effective pro-Israel lobbying organization. Indyk and his colleagues at WINEP worked hard to strengthen Israel's standing in Washington as the key U.S. ally in the Middle East and to ensure that U.S. policy in the region coincided with the policies and strategies of the Israeli government "The Israeli Lobby". Journal of Palestine Studies . 35 (3). University of California Press on behalf of
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#17327725542951430-601: The CDC. In January 2021, the directorate was reinstated by President Joe Biden , who appointed Elizabeth Cameron as Senior Director for Global Health Security and Biodefense, a position she had previously held under the Obama administration and briefly under the Trump administration. During his presidential transition , President-elect Joe Biden announced the creation of the position of U.S. Special Presidential Envoy for Climate ,
1495-528: The Deputy White House Counsel also attend. The relevant Senior Director on the National Security Council staff is also invited to attend when relevant. The Policy Coordination Committees of the National Security Council, established and directed by the Deputies Committee, are responsible for the management of the development and implementation of national security policies through interagency coordination. Policy Coordination Committees are
1560-672: The Elephant in the Room: Robert Lieberman and the Israel Lobby" . Perspectives on Politics . 7 (2). [American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]: 262. doi : 10.1017/S1537592709090781 . JSTOR 40406929 . S2CID 7758818 . Archived from the original on 2022-08-13 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . Similarly, when Martin Indyk - formerly deputy director of research at AIPAC and co-founder of
1625-589: The Institute for Palestine Studies: 92. 2006-04-01. doi : 10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.83 . During the Clinton administration, Middle Eastern policy was largely shaped by officials with close ties to Israel or to prominent pro-Israel organizations; among them, Martin Indyk, the former deputy director of research at AIPAC and co-founder of the pro-Israel Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP) Mearsheimer, John J.; Walt, Stephen M. (2009). "The Blind Man and
1690-427: The Middle East. While the institute frequently hosts off-the-record events with policymakers and scholars, its policy forums are public events featuring newsmakers and analysts that are attended by officials and journalists and are broadcast live on-line. The institute also holds an annual policy conference that convenes policymakers, journalists and diplomats in Washington, D.C., for in-depth discussion and debate on
1755-619: The Muslims", and describing it as the "most important Zionist propaganda tool in the United States." In response, Martin Kramer , the editor of the Middle East Quarterly and a visiting fellow at WINEP, defended the group, saying that it is "run by Americans, and accepts funds only from American sources," and that it was "outrageous" for Khalidi to denounce Arabs that visited WINEP as "blundering dupes." John Mearsheimer ,
1820-578: The NSC when appropriate. The Principals Committee of the National Security Council is the Cabinet-level senior interagency forum for consideration of national security policy issues. The Principals Committee is convened and chaired by the National Security Advisor. The regular attendees of the Principals Committee are the Secretary of State , the Secretary of the Treasury , the Secretary of Defense ,
1885-445: The NSC. One of the tasks of the National Security Council is to determine and identify people, including United States citizens who are deemed to be threats to national security and add them to a "kill list". In this case, no public record of this decision or any operation to kill the suspect will be made available. The panel's actions are justified by "two principal legal theories": They "were permitted by Congress when it authorized
1950-824: The Policy Coordination Committees. The Deputies Committee is convened and chaired by the Deputy National Security Advisor or the Deputy Homeland Security Advisor. Regular members of the Deputies Committee are the Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategy, the Deputy Secretary of State , Deputy Secretary of the Treasury , the Deputy Secretary of Defense , the Deputy Attorney General ,
2015-515: The President for National Security Affairs, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget , the Deputy National Security Advisor , the Deputy National Security Advisor for Strategy, the National Security Advisor to the Vice President, and the NSC Executive Secretary may also attend all meetings of the Principals Committee. When considering international economic issues, the Principals Committee's regular attendees will include
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2080-627: The Trump presidency," according to The Economist . The magazine reported that Saudi authorities asked Khashoggi to stop writing after the institute appearance but the journalist chose to live in exile instead. He was assassinated in Istanbul in 2018 while visiting the Saudi consulate. The Washington Institute is considered an academic think tank (akin to the Brookings Institution and Public Policy Institute of California ), staffed largely by researchers holding doctorate degrees and generally not having
2145-485: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy ( WINEP), founded in 1985, quickly achieved a much higher profile and much greater influence. Describing itself as "a public educational foundation dedicated to scholarly research and informed debate on U.S. interests in the Middle East,"9 WINEP emerged as the leading pro-Israel think tank in Washington. Its founding director, Martin Indyk, had previously worked at
2210-408: The Washington Institute was ranked 42nd on "Best Transdisciplinary Research Program at a Think Tank" and 42nd on "Think Tanks with Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs". Several current and former members of WINEP have served in senior positions in the administrations of presidents George H. W. Bush , Bill Clinton , George W. Bush , Barack Obama and Donald Trump. As of October 2024,
2275-501: The Washington Institute's advisory board included: Previous board members Breger, Marshall (2002). Mittleman, Alan; Licht, Robert; Sarna, Jonathan D (eds.). Jews and the American Public Square: Debating Religion and Republic . G - Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary Subjects Series. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-7425-2124-7 . Archived from
2340-510: The elimination of the office. The responsibilities that formerly belonged to the directorate, along with those of arms control and nonproliferation, and of weapons of mass destruction terrorism, were absorbed into a single new directorate, counterproliferation and biodefense, and assigned to Tim Morrison in July 2018 as director. Morrison characterized the consolidation as part of an overall NSC "reduction of force" and called it "specious" to say
2405-799: The former Saudi intelligence chief, Prince Turki bin Faisal al Saud , alongside IDF Maj. Gen. (res.) Yaakov Amidror , a former national security adviser to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu , in a rare joint public appearance. Two years later, Dr. Mohammad Al-Issa, secretary-general of the Muslim World League , addressed the institute and advocated a more moderate and tolerant Islam. Dissident Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi participated in an institute forum in November 2016 in which he stated that Saudi Arabia should be "rightfully nervous about
2470-505: The function of the Council has been to advise and assist the president on national security and foreign policies. It also serves as the president's principal arm for coordinating these policies among various government agencies. The Council has subsequently played a key role in most major events in U.S. foreign policy , from the Korean War to the War on Terror. The NSC has counterparts in
2535-568: The institute gained notability as a center for the study and discussion of Middle East policy, and attracted Arab intellectuals to its events. Indyk would go on to serve in several U.S. diplomatic posts including U.S. ambassador to Israel, special envoy for Israeli–Palestinian negotiations, special assistant to President Clinton and senior director for Near East and South Asian affairs at the National Security Council and assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern affairs. Indyk
2600-427: The key Middle East issues facing the United States. Institute scholars are public intellectuals who share their analysis frequently in major print and broadcast outlets. All institute output is available through its website in both English and Arabic. In addition to its permanent resident fellows—a group of experienced policymakers from government and academia—the institute also hosts visiting fellows from around
2665-503: The main day-to-day for interagency coordination of national security policy development, implementation and analysis in aide of the Deputies Committee and the Principals Committee. Policy Coordination Committees are chaired by Senior Directors on the National Security Council staff, or sometimes National Economic Council staff, with Assistant Secretary-level officials from the relevant executive department or agency acting as co-chairs. The Directorate of Global Health Security and Biodefense
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2730-616: The navy , and the chief of staff to the commander in chief . The National Security Council was created in 1947 by the National Security Act . It was created because policymakers felt that the diplomacy of the State Department was no longer adequate to contain the Soviet Union in light of the tension between the Soviet Union and the United States. The intent was to ensure coordination and concurrence among
2795-526: The occupant of which will be a member of the National Security Council. [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the National Archives and Records Administration . [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the White House . [REDACTED] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of
2860-502: The office was "dissolved," describing the previous size of the organization as "bloat," and stating "That is why Trump began streamlining the NSC staff in 2017." Trump defended the 2018 cuts, describing the financial motivation, when questioned in a February 2020 press conference, suggesting that people on a pandemic response team are unnecessary between pandemics, saying "Some of the people we cut, they haven't been used for many, many years." No source of information could be found to support
2925-456: The organization on Al Jazeera for having strong ties to the pro-Israel lobbying group AIPAC and for being founded by a former AIPAC employee. In a December 2003 interview on Al Jazeera , Rashid Khalidi , a Palestinian-American professor and director of Columbia University 's Middle East Institute , sharply criticized WINEP, stating that it is "the fiercest of the enemies of the Arabs and
2990-516: The original on 2022-08-13 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . For example, Martin Indyk who had worked for AIPAC and was the head of Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a think tank with close connections to Israel, played an important role in formulating US policy toward the Middle East in the 1990s 38°54′13″N 77°02′35″W / 38.9037°N 77.043°W / 38.9037; -77.043 United States National Security Council The United States National Security Council ( NSC )
3055-587: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . Dennis Ross, from the Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP), a pro-Israel think tank closely aligned with AIPAC Lockman, Zachary (2005). "Critique from the Right: The Neo-conservative Assault on Middle East Studies". CR: The New Centennial Review . 5 (1). Michigan State University Press: 81–82. doi : 10.1353/ncr.2005.0034 . ISSN 1539-6630 . JSTOR 41949468 . S2CID 145071422 . By contrast,
3120-491: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . as the then newly founded Washington Institute for Near East Policy. This organization, a pro-Israel think tank, was itself a spin-off of AIPAC Marrar, K. (2008). The Arab Lobby and US Foreign Policy: The Two-State Solution . Routledge Research in American Politics and Governance. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-135-97071-0 . Archived from
3185-653: The original on 2023-12-06 . Retrieved 2022-08-13 . founded in 1985 as a pro-Israel but not specifically Jewish think tank. "Israel Captures 2 Palestinians Suspected in Deadly Ax Attack" . The New York Times . 2022-05-08. Archived from the original on 2022-08-11 . Retrieved 2022-08-12 . Ehud Yaari, an Israel-based analyst for the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, a pro-Israel think tank. Weiss, T.G.; Crahan, M.E.; Goering, J.; Goering, J.M.; Robinson, M. (2004). Wars on Terrorism and Iraq: Human Rights, Unilateralism, and U.S. Foreign Policy . Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-70062-7 . Archived from
3250-457: The policy of the George H. W. Bush administration toward the Middle East peace process. The institute has earned a reputation for solid scholarship, is committed to the peace process , and is a "staunch supporter of Israel" — a relationship with which it believes advances U.S. security interests. It has bipartisan support in the US, though it is closer ideologically to the Democratic Party and generally opposes neoconservative policy. After
3315-510: The policy process from many angles: the written word, the spoken word, and personal contact. Institute experts research the region and brief officials in all branches of the U.S. government, both civilian and military. In addition to producing printed long-form monographs, the institute issues time-sensitive policy briefs which are distributed electronically by e-mail and social media. A Chicago Tribune editorial declared that institute-sponsored polls bring to light trends in popular thinking across
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#17327725542953380-467: The president , White House counsel , and the assistant to the president for economic policy are also regularly invited to attend NSC meetings. The attorney general, the director of the Office of Management and Budget and the director of the Central Intelligence Agency are invited to attend meetings pertaining to their responsibilities. The heads of other executive departments and agencies, as well as other senior officials, are invited to attend meetings of
3445-402: The president's statement, likely because the team was created in 2016 and disbanded in 2018. He continued: "And rather than spending the money—and I'm a business person—I don't like having thousands of people around when you don't need them." The size of the team before cuts was estimated at 430 people, but the "thousands" referenced by the president also included reduction in the staff numbers of
3510-500: The pro-Israel Washington Institute of Near East Policy - is appointed one of Bill Clinton's key Middle East advisors, it strains credulity to exclude him from the "loose coalition" that "actively works" to promote the "special relationship." Rynhold, Jonathan (2010). "Is the Pro-Israel Lobby a Block on Reaching a Comprehensive Peace Settlement in the Middle East?" . Israel Studies Forum . 25 (1). Berghahn Books: 31. ISSN 1557-2455 . JSTOR 41805052 . Archived from
3575-454: The process of Washington policymaking. The institute also supports a program for research assistants and interns that provides foreign policy experience for undergraduates and recent college graduates. Several institute alumni now hold positions in the government, military, and academia internationally. The institute's Scholar-Statesman Award honors individuals "whose public service and professional achievements exemplify sound scholarship and
3640-437: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Washington Institute . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Institute&oldid=1212887641 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
3705-484: The takeover of areas of Iraq by the Sunni militant group Daesh (ISIL) in 2014, The New York Times reported that Institute Lafer Fellow Michael Knights had alerted the U.S. National Security Council as early as 2012 to the rising level of insurgency among Iraq's Sunni minority. White House officials questioned his statistics and did not take action. The institute has been a forum for the discussion of key issues in U.S. policy toward Saudi Arabia. In May 2016, it hosted
3770-604: The use of lethal force are legal, ethical, and wise, President Obama has demanded that we hold ourselves to the highest possible standards and processes". Reuters reported that Anwar al-Awlaki , an American citizen, was on such a kill list and was killed accordingly. On February 4, 2013, NBC published a leaked Department of Justice memo providing a summary of the rationale used to justify targeted killing of US citizens who are senior operational leaders of Al-Qa'ida or associated forces. The National Security Council, as of 2021 and as per statute and National Security Memorandum–2,
3835-466: The use of military forces against militants in the wake of the attacks of September 11, 2001 ; and they are permitted under international law if a country is defending itself." Homeland Security Advisor John O. Brennan , who helped codify targeted killing criteria by creating the Disposition Matrix database, has described the Obama Administration targeted killing policy by stating that "in order to ensure that our counterterrorism operations involving
3900-407: The world. Visiting fellows include both young people beginning their foreign policy careers and veterans who take advantage of a year in Washington, D.C., to study the Middle East from an American vantage point. In cooperation with the Army, Navy, Air Force, and State Department, WINEP offers one-year fellowships that enable rising officers to immerse themselves in the geopolitics of the Middle East and
3965-600: Was created by Barack Obama in 2016 in response to the 2014 Ebola outbreak . Its goal was "to prepare for the next disease outbreak and prevent it from becoming an epidemic or pandemic." The directorate was disbanded when a May 2018 change in organizational structure by John Bolton, Trump's recently appointed head of the National Security Council, resulted in the effective elimination of the office then led by Rear Admiral Tim Ziemer , Sr. Director for Global Health Security and Biothreats. Remaining staff were moved to other NSC departments, prompting Ziemer's resignation, thus completing
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#17327725542954030-497: Was established in 1985 with the support of the American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) and the funding of many AIPAC donors, in order to provide higher quality research than AIPAC's own publications. John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt described WINEP as "part of the core" of the Israel lobby in the United States . WINEP was founded in 1985 by Barbi Weinberg of Los Angeles, CA. Martin Indyk , an Australian-trained academic and former deputy director of research for AIPAC,
4095-505: Was formed in 2016 under the Obama administration , disbanded in 2018 under the Trump Administration , and reinstated in January 2021 during the presidency of Joe Biden . On January 29, 2017, President Donald Trump restructured the Principals Committee (a subset of the full National Security Council), while at the same time altering the attendance of the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and director of national intelligence . According to "National Security Presidential Memorandum 2",
4160-413: Was removed. The National Security Council was established by the National Security Act of 1947 (PL 235 – 61 Stat. 496; U.S.C. 402), amended by the National Security Act Amendments of 1949 (63 Stat. 579; 50 U.S.C. 401 et seq.). Later in 1949, as part of the Reorganization Plan, the Council was placed in the Executive Office of the President. The High Value Detainee Interrogation Group also reports to
4225-410: Was the first executive director. Indyk described the think tank as "friendly to Israel but doing credible research on the Middle East in a realistic and balanced way." The research was thus designed to be more independent and academic-quality. At the time it was founded, the institute's research focused on Arab–Israeli relations, political and security issues, and overall U.S. Middle East policy. In
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