82-624: West Hartlepool was a predecessor of Hartlepool , County Durham , England. It developed in the Victorian era and took the name from its western position in the parish of what is now known as the Headland . The former town was originally formed in 1848 as an accompanying settlement for nearby railway and docks, which brought and exported coal from the area. The rail network grew, connecting to docks in Leeds and other cities. Further developments in
164-478: A county borough , called Hartlepool, was established by amalgamating West Hartlepool with old Hartlepool, the parish was also abolished and merged with Hartlepool. In 1961 the parish had a population of 77,035. The town's Rugby Union football team was formed in 1881 by men who came to the area to build the railway and dig the docks, and continued until 1908 when the Hartlepool Union's round ball game
246-409: A seaside resort called Seaton Carew . The place name derives from Old English heort (" hart "), referring to stags seen, and pōl ( pool ), a pool of drinking water which they were known to use. Records of the place-name from early sources confirm this: A Northumbrian settlement developed in the 7th century around an abbey founded in 640 by Saint Aidan (an Irish Christian priest) upon
328-559: A 12th-century record records Durham regarded as within the shire. However the bishops disputed the authority of the sheriff of Northumberland and his officials, despite the second sheriff for example being the reputed slayer of Malcolm Canmore , King of Scots. The crown regarded Durham as falling within Northumberland until the late thirteenth century. Disputes with the officials of Northumberland were not resolved until 1293, when Bishop Antony Bek and his steward failed to attend
410-591: A headland overlooking a natural harbour and the North Sea. The monastery became powerful under St Hilda , who served as its abbess from 649 to 657. The 8th-century Northumbrian chronicler Bede referred to the spot on which today's town is sited as "the place where deer come to drink", and in this period the Headland was named by the Angles as Heruteu ( Stag Island ). Archaeological evidence has been found below
492-408: A mosque and looted shops after anti-immigrant misinformation was spread on social media. There is one main tier of local government covering Hartlepool, at unitary authority level: Hartlepool Borough Council . There is a civil parish covering Headland, which forms an additional tier of local government for that area; most of the rest of the urban area is an unparished area . The borough council
574-510: A powerful symbol of the autonomy the region enjoyed. The inhabitants of the Palatinate became known as the "haliwerfolc", an Old English phrase which roughly translates as "people of the saint", and Cuthbert gained a reputation as being fiercely protective of his domain. An example of Cuthbert's importance is the Battle of Neville's Cross in 1346, when the prior of Durham Cathedral received
656-603: A significant territory upon St. Cuthbert, following the latter's election as the Bishop of Lindisfarne. The Viking Invasions led to the shattering of the Kingdom of Northumbria into a series of successor polities. The Community of St. Cuthbert emerged as a prominent force, gaining control over expansive estates situated between the rivers Tyne and Tees, known as the Patrimony of St. Cuthbert. This territorial expansion began under
738-535: A slaughterhouse, cemetery and more. Jackson built a large church, Christ Church, from stone excavated from the docks and the parish was consecrated in 1854 by the Bishop of Durham. Swainson Dock opened on 3 June 1856, named after Ward Jackson's father-in-law. In 1878 the William Gray & Company ship yard in West Hartlepool achieved the distinction of launching the largest tonnage of any shipyard in
820-400: A summons by the justices of Northumberland, and the case eventually reached Parliament . There, Bek argued that "from time immemorial it had been widely known that the sheriff of Northumberland was not sheriff of Durham nor entered within that liberty as sheriff ", and that Durham was independent of any other county. These arguments appear to have been accepted, as by the 14th century Durham
902-469: A vision of Cuthbert ordering him to take the corporax cloth of the saint and raise it on a spear point near the battlefield as a banner. Doing this, the prior and his monks found themselves protected "by the mediation of holy St Cuthbert and the presence of the said holy Relic." Symeon of Durham related a tale of a tax gatherer named Ranulf, who was sent by William the Conqueror to force the people of
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#1732787941949984-686: Is a constituent member of the Tees Valley Combined Authority , led by the directly elected Tees Valley Mayor . The borough council is based at the Civic Centre on Victoria Road. Hartlepool was historically a township in the ancient parish of Hart . Hartlepool was also an ancient borough , having been granted a charter by King John in 1200. The borough was reformed to become a municipal borough in 1850. The council built Hartlepool Borough Hall to serve as its headquarters, being completed in 1866. West Hartlepool
1066-510: Is under consultation until August 2022 to organise projects, with the town's fund given to the town and other funds. Plans would be (if the corporation is formed) focused on the railway station, waterfront (including the Royal Navy Museum and a new leisure centre) and Church Street . Northern School of Art also has funds for a TV and film studios. On 2 August 2024 far-right activists and others attacked police, threw stones at
1148-509: The Bishop of Durham essentially inheriting the powers of the earl. Alternatively, David D. Hall notes that the Patrimony of St. Cuthbert between the Tyne and Tees was likely immune from comital and regal action by the tenth century, with comital lands between the Tyne and Tees administered as the separate wapentake of Sadberge . Instead, Hall posits that the Bishop's temporal powers developed by
1230-733: The Courts Act 1971 abolished its separate court of chancery. At its greatest extent, the county palatine consisted of a large, contiguous territory around Durham and several exclaves to the north and south. The contiguous territory was bounded the rivers Tyne and Derwent in the north, the North Sea to the east, the River Tees to the south, and the Pennines in the west. The exclaves were Bedlington shire, Islandshire and Norhamshire within Northumberland, and Craikshire within
1312-593: The Hartlepool Dock and Railway Company (HD&RCo) to extend the existing port by developing new docks, and link to both local collieries and the developing railway network in the south. In 1833, it was agreed that Christopher Tennant of Yarm establish the HD&;RCo, having previously opened the Clarence Railway (CR). Tennant's plan was that the HD&RCo would fund the creation of a new railway,
1394-774: The Lighthouse Battery (1855) and the Heugh Battery (1859). Hartlepool in the 18th century became known as a town with medicinal springs, particularly the Chalybeate Spa near the Westgate. The poet Thomas Gray visited the town in July 1765 to "take the waters", and wrote to his friend William Mason: I have been for two days to taste the water, and do assure you that nothing could be salter and bitterer and nastier and better for you... I am delighted with
1476-543: The Stockton and Hartlepool Railway , which would take over the loss-making CR and extended it north to the new dock, thereby linking to the Durham coalfield. After Tennant died, in 1839, the running of the HD&RCo was taken over by Stockton-on-Tees solicitor, Ralph Ward Jackson . But Jackson became frustrated at the planning restrictions placed on the old Hartlepool dock and surrounding area for access, so bought land which
1558-475: The liberty known variously as the "Liberty of Durham ", "Liberty of St Cuthbert 's Land", "The lands of St. Cuthbert between Tyne and Tees " or "The Liberty of Haliwerfolc", the latter translates to "district of the holy saint's folk". St. Cuthbert gained a reputation as being fiercely protective of his domain. The origins of the Liberty trace back to the year 684, when King Ecgfrith of Northumbria bestowed
1640-775: The 12th century, the most important being the Hyltons of Hylton Castle , the Bulmers of Brancepeth , the Conyers of Sockburne, the Hansards of Evenwood, and the Lumleys of Lumley Castle . The Neville family also owned large estates in the county, including Raby Castle . The principle that the King would not tax Durham may have been established as early as 685, when St. Cuthbert was made bishop of Lindisfarne, and successive bishops of
1722-502: The 14-acre (5.7-hectare) Jackson Dock opened on the same day that a railway opened connecting West Hartlepool to Leeds , Manchester and Liverpool . This allowed the shipping of coal and wool products eastwards, and the shipping of fresh fish and raw fleeces westwards, enabling another growth spurt in the town. This in turn resulted in the opening of the Swainson Dock on 3 June 1856, named after Ward Jackson's father-in-law. In 1878,
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#17327879419491804-512: The 1930s and endured high unemployment. Second Unemployment decreased during the Second World War , with shipbuilding and steel-making industries enjoying a renaissance. Most of its output for the war effort were " Empire Ships ". German bombers raided the town 43 times, though, compared to the previous war, civilian losses were lighter with 26 deaths recorded by Hartlepool Municipal Borough and 49 by West Hartlepool Borough. During
1886-578: The County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge was abolished by the Courts Act 1971 , and the Court of Pleas of the County Palatine of Durham and Sadberge was abolished by the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 . During the medieval period, St Cuthbert became politically important in defining the identity of the people living in the semi-autonomous region. Within this area the saint became
1968-701: The Earldom of Bamburgh remained virtually independent of the Kingdom of England. With the possible exception of the Wapentake of Sadberge, the area north of the Tees lay outside of the West Saxon administrative system of shires and hundreds/wapentakes. Moreover, the lands north of the Tees remained unrecorded by the Domesday Book and were not subject to geld or taxation. When William the Conqueror became
2050-636: The Hartlepool Military Heritage Memorial Society, portray men of that unit for educational and memorial purposes. Hartlepudlians voluntarily subscribed more money per head to the war effort than any other town in Britain. Between On 4 January 1922, a fire starting in a timber yard left 80 people homeless and caused over £1,000,000 of damage. Hartlepool suffered badly in the Great Depression of
2132-714: The Jackson dock (14 acres (0.057 km)) opened as well as a railway connecting West Hartlepool to Leeds , Manchester and Liverpool . Massive timber trading with Baltic countries began as timber was needed for pitprops in nearby coal mines. The area's population grew quickly as a result. Eight shipbuilding yards were established. Supporting shipbuilding and repair were: a canvas manufacturing firm, Bastow Brothers and W. Taylor iron foundries, block and mast makers and other related machinery. Streets were laid out along which shops and brick homes were built. Standard town services followed including paved roads, gas and electricity, sewers,
2214-595: The MP between 1992 and 2004, resigned to take up a role in the European Commission . On 13 October 2008, he was created Baron Mandelson of Foy and Hartlepool following his appointment as Secretary of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform in the British Government. Hartlepool falls within the jurisdiction of Cleveland Fire Brigade and Cleveland Police . Before 1974, it was under
2296-504: The North Riding of Yorkshire. Durham itself was divided by the 13th century into four " wards " (equivalent to hundreds ) named after their chief towns: Chester-le-Street , Darlington , Easington and Stockton . Each had its own coroner and a three-weekly court. The Prior of Durham ranked first among the bishop's barons. He had his own court, and almost exclusive jurisdiction over his men. There were ten palatinate barons in
2378-643: The Second World War, RAF Greatham (also known as RAF West Hartlepool) was located on the South British Steel Corporation Works. In 1891, the two towns had a combined population of 64,000. By 1900, the two Hartlepools were, together, one of the three busiest ports in England. The modern town represents a joining of "Old Hartlepool", locally known as the "Headland", and West Hartlepool . As already mentioned, what
2460-608: The Tyne and Wear. To this end, the Patrimony of St Cuthbert between the Tyne and Tees had emerged as buffer zone between the territories north of the Tyne, governed by the Anglian House of Bamburgh, and the Viking Kings based in York. The Liberty underwent another significant relocation in 995, when the diocese moved to Durham, a move that was accompanied by additional land grants. Both the Liberty of St. Cuthbert's Land and
2542-479: The William Gray & Co shipyard in West Hartlepool achieved the distinction of launching the largest tonnage of any shipyard in the world, a feat to be repeated on a number of occasions. By 1881, old Hartlepool's population had grown from 993 to 12,361, but West Hartlepool had a population of 28,000. Ward Jackson helped to plan the layout of West Hartlepool and was responsible for the first public buildings. He
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2624-474: The area led to the 1960s formation of Hartlepool as a town. The town of West Hartlepool was founded by Ralph Ward Jackson who went on to become managing director of the Stockton and Hartlepool Railway in 1848. The area known as Newburn Raw, part of the ancient village of Stranton, steadily grew into a centre for shipping and railway transport. The West Hartlepool Harbour and Dock (8 acres (0.032 km)) opened on 1 June 1847. Five years later, also on 1 June,
2706-479: The beginning of the First World War. A bombardment of 1,150 shells on 16 December 1914 resulted in the death of 117 people in the town. A severe decline in heavy industries and shipbuilding following the Second World War caused periods of high unemployment until the 1990s when major investment projects and the redevelopment of the docks area into a marina saw a rise in the town's prospects. The town also has
2788-430: The bishop, Cuthbert Tunstall , had been removed from office and imprisoned in 1552 because he did not support the religious policies of Edward VI 's de facto regent, John Dudley . Mary I had restored both the diocese and Tunstall to office by April 1554, and in practice the abolition seems to have been ignored. In 1596, under Elizabeth I , restrictions were placed on the palatinate's court of chancery. In 1646
2870-522: The bishops led to Durham being recognised as a palatinate by the late thirteenth century, one of several such counties in England during the Middle Ages. The county palatine had its own government and institutions, which broadly mirrored those of the monarch and included several judicial courts. From the sixteenth century the palatine rights of the bishops were gradually reduced, and were finally abolished in 1836. The last palatine institution to survive
2952-634: The borough is now divided into 12 electoral wards, each of which elects three councillors who make up the 36 councillors of the borough council. Hartlepool is represented in the House of Commons by one Member of Parliament. The current MP for the Hartlepool constituency is Jonathan Brash of the Labour Party . He was elected at the 2024 general election with 46.2% of the vote. Members of Parliament for Hartlepool since 1945 have been: Mandelson,
3034-615: The borough was enlarged to take in eight neighbouring parishes, and was transferred to the new county of Cleveland . Cleveland was abolished in 1996 following the Banham Review , which gave unitary authority status to its four districts, including Hartlepool. The borough was restored to County Durham for ceremonial purposes under the Lieutenancies Act 1997 , but as a unitary authority it is independent from Durham County Council. After boundary changes introduced in 2019,
3116-539: The closure of its Hartlepool steelworks with the loss of 1500 jobs. In the 1980s, the area was afflicted with extremely high levels of unemployment, at its peak consisting of 30 per cent of the town's working-age population, the highest in the United Kingdom. 630 jobs at British Steel were lost in 1983, and a total of 10,000 jobs were lost from the town in the economic de-industrialization of England's former Northern manufacturing heartlands. Between 1983 and 1999,
3198-534: The coastal artillery defence was supported by the Royal Navy in the form of four destroyers, two light cruisers and a submarine, none of which had any significant impact on the German attackers. Private Theophilus Jones of the 18th Battalion Durham Light Infantry , who fell as a result of this bombardment, is sometimes described as the first military casualty on British soil by enemy fire. This event (the death of
3280-498: The county covered an area of 679,530 acres (2,750.0 km ) and had a population of 253,910. These boundaries were used for parliamentary purposes until 1832, and for judicial and local government purposes until the coming into force of the Counties (Detached Parts) Act 1844 , which merged most remaining exclaves with their surrounding county. During the nineteenth century several other Acts of Parliament were passed which affected
3362-413: The current high tide mark that indicates that an ancient post- glacial forest by the sea existed in the area at the time. The Abbey fell into decline in the early 8th century, and it was probably destroyed during a sea raid by Vikings on the settlement in the 9th century. In March 2000, the archaeological investigation television programme Time Team located the foundations of the lost monastery in
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3444-493: The decision was made to propose a new railway to make Hartlepool a coal port, shipping out minerals from the Durham coalfield . It was in this endeavour that Isambard Kingdom Brunel visited the town in December 1831, and wrote: "A curiously isolated old fishing town – a remarkably fine race of men. Went to the top of the church tower for a view." But the plan faced local competition from new docks. 25 kilometres (16 mi) to
3526-604: The diocese acquired extensive estates with exemptions from tax. They also maintained a seignorial court , which implied exemption from interference by the king's officers. There is no evidence that the bishops paid danegeld , which was first collected in 991; after the Norman Conquest it became a regular tax based on the Domesday survey, which Durham was also omitted from. Several documents survive which prove Durham's exemption from taxes, including two precepts from
3608-789: The docks (established in the 1870s). By 1913, no fewer than 43 ship-owning companies were located in the town, with the responsibility for 236 ships. This made it a key target for Germany in the First World War . One of the first German offensives against Britain was a raid and bombardment by the Imperial German Navy on the morning of 16 December 1914, Hartlepool was hit with a total of 1150 shells, killing 117 people. Two coastal defence batteries at Hartlepool returned fire, launching 143 shells, and damaging three German ships: SMS Seydlitz , SMS Moltke and SMS Blücher . The Hartlepool engagement lasted roughly 50 minutes, and
3690-482: The early 12th century due to the emerging supremacy of the Bishop within the context of the Liberty's internal politics. Following the Norman invasion , the shire system was extended north of the Tees and the county of Northumberland was formed, encompassing the lands of the Earldom of Bamburgh, the Liberty of Durham and Wapentake of Sadberge. Northumberland's first recorded Sheriff was Gilebert from 1076 until 1080 and
3772-501: The first soldiers on British soil) is commemorated by the 1921 Redheugh Gardens War Memorial together with a plaque unveiled on the same day (seven years and one day after the East Coast Raid) at the spot on the Headland (the memorial by Philip Bennison illustrates four soldiers on one of four cartouches and the plaque, donated by a member of the public, refers to the 'first soldier' but gives no name). A living history group,
3854-692: The governance of Durham. The Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 effectively abolished the palatine by transferring the bishop's remaining palatine rights to the Crown. Doubts about the construction of this Act led to the enactment of the Durham County Palatine Act 1858 . Durham was included in the standardisation of English and Welsh local government enacted by the Local Government Act 1888 , which created Durham County Council. Durham maintained its own judicial identity until
3936-508: The grounds of St Hilda's Church. In the early 11th century, the name had evolved into Herterpol . During the Norman Conquest, the De Brus family gained over-lordship of the land surrounding Hartlepool. William the Conqueror subsequently ordered the construction of Durham Castle , and the villages under their rule were mentioned in records in 1153 when Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale became Lord of Hartness . The town's first charter
4018-533: The jurisdiction of the Durham Constabulary and Durham Fire Brigade . Hartlepool has two fire stations: a full-time station at Stranton and a retained station on the Headland. Nearby towns include: Seaham (17 mi or 27 km), Sedgefield (13 mi or 21 km), Billingham (8 mi or 13 km) and Peterlee (8 mi or 13 km). Beyond the far side of the Tees Bay , on
4100-403: The king of England in 1066, he quickly realized the need to control Northumbria to protect his kingdom from Scottish invasion. In 1075, shortly after the Norman conquest , William the Conqueror allowed Bishop Walcher to purchase the earldom of Northumbria after its previous holder, Waltheof , rebelled against the king. This may have marked the beginning of the bishops' temporal authority, with
4182-516: The leadership of Bishop Ecgred, who acquired two substantial blocks in the south-east and south-west regions of the designated area between 830 and 845. In a strategic move in approximately 883, the diocese of Lindisfarne was translated to Chester-le-Street. This relocation was facilitated by Guthred, the Viking King of Northumbria, who granted the Community of St. Cuthbert the region between
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#17327879419494264-466: The luck to live anywhere in the North East [of England]...I would live near Hartlepool. If I had the luck". There was a boost to the retail sector in 1970 when Middleton Grange Shopping Centre was opened by Princess Anne , with over 130 new shops including Marks & Spencer and Woolworths . Before the shopping centre was opened, the old town centre was located around Lynn Street, but most of
4346-411: The name of the constituency was changed from The Hartlepools to just Hartlepool in 1974. The modern town centre and main railway station are both at what was West Hartlepool; the old town is now generally known as the Headland . Industrialisation in northern England and the start of a shipbuilding industry in the later part of the 19th century meant it was a target for the Imperial German Navy at
4428-528: The north, the Marquis of Londonderry had approved the creation of the new Seaham Harbour (opened 31 July 1831), while to the south the Clarence Railway connected Stockton-on-Tees and Billingham to a new port at Port Clarence (opened 1833). Further south again, in 1831 the Stockton and Darlington Railway had extended into the new port of Middlesbrough . The council agreed the formation of
4510-583: The other side of the River Tees , the distant monument on Eston Nab can be seen on clear days. County Palatine of Durham The County Palatine of Durham was a jurisdiction in the North of England , within which the bishop of Durham had rights usually exclusive to the monarch . It developed from the Liberty of Durham , which emerged in the Anglo-Saxon period. The gradual acquisition of powers by
4592-519: The palatinate he also stated that his actions should not be used as a precedent, implying that the exclusion of the king's justices was a privilege of the palatinate. It is not known whether palatinate would have been subject to the Saladin tithe , as bishop de Puiset pledged to go on crusade and was therefore exempt from paying it. During the vacancy which followed the death of bishop Philip of Poitou in 1208 King John appears to have raised money in
4674-436: The palatinate, but this was regarded as an infringement of local privilege. The palatine had its own government, whose officers were ultimately appointed by the bishop. Until the 15th century the most important administrative officer was the steward , and the palatine also had a sheriff, coroners, a chamberlain and a chancellor . The palatine exchequer was organised in the 12th century. The palatine assembly represented
4756-427: The parliament of the Commonwealth of England again abolished the palatinate, but after the Stuart Restoration it was once again revived. In 1654 the palatinate sent its first members to the Parliament of England, two each for the city of Durham and the wider county; the bishops had previously put up strong opposition to a 1614 bill which would have given the city of Durham and Barnard Castle representation. By 1831
4838-442: The place; there are the finest walks and rocks and caverns. A few weeks later, he wrote in greater detail to James Brown: The rocks, the sea and the weather there more than made up to me the want of bread and the want of water, two capital defects, but of which I learned from the inhabitants not to be sensible. They live on the refuse of their own fish-market, with a few potatoes, and a reasonable quantity of Geneva [gin] six days in
4920-415: The powers of the bishops and incorporating the county into the regular system of local government in England. This process began in 1536, when the Act of Resumption deprived the bishop of the power to pardon offences or to appoint judicial officers and mandated that the county's legal system would in future be run in the name of the king, rather than the bishop. In March 1553 the diocese was briefly abolished;
5002-424: The reign of William II and charters from the reign of Henry II which exempt the palatine from a wide range of taxes and reaffirm similar privileges granted in the reigns of Henry I and William II. When the bishopric was vacant it was in included in the pipe rolls maintained by the English Exchequer , which show that it did not pay taxes such as carucage . When Henry II enforced the Assize of Clarendon in
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#17327879419495084-412: The saint to contribute to the national revenue. St. Cuthbert, angry at this infringement of his liberties, "horribly visited" Ranulf, who was glad to escape alive from the bishopric. The tale, despite the fact it likely postdates the events described, is still of value as it shows the local notion of the bishop's privilege in the matter of taxation. Several buildings related to the bishops of Durham and
5166-417: The shops and the market had moved to a new shopping centre by 1974. Most of Lynn Street had by then been demolished to make way for a new housing estate. Only the north end of the street remains, now called Lynn Street North. This is where the Hartlepool Borough Council depot was based (alongside the Focus DIY store) until it moved to the marina in August 2006. In 1977, the British Steel Corporation announced
5248-444: The town . The borough is part of the devolved Tees Valley area. With an estimated population of 92,600, it is the second-largest settlement in County Durham, after Darlington . The old town was founded in the 7th century, around the monastery of Hartlepool Abbey on a headland. As the village grew into a town in the Middle Ages, its harbour served as the County Palatine of Durham 's official port. The new town of West Hartlepool
5330-438: The town lacked a cinema and areas of it became afflicted with the societal hallmarks of endemic economic poverty: urban decay , high crime levels, drug and alcohol dependency being prevalent. Docks near the centre were redeveloped and reopened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1993 as a marina. The accompanying National Museum of the Royal Navy opened in 1994, then known as the Hartlepool Historic Quay. A development corporation
5412-441: The town's military defences in expectation of war. In 1315, before they were completed, a Scottish army under Sir James Douglas attacked, captured and looted the town. In the late 15th century, a pier was constructed to assist in the harbour's workload. Hartlepool was once again militarily occupied by a Scottish incursion, this time in alliance with the Parliamentary Army during the English Civil War , which after 18 months
5494-412: The week, and I have nowhere seen a taller, more robust or healthy race: every house full of ruddy broad-faced children. Nobody dies but of drowning or old-age: nobody poor but from drunkenness or mere laziness. By the early nineteenth century, Hartlepool was still a small town of around 900 people, with a declining port. In 1823, the council and Board of Trade decided that the town needed new industry, so
5576-420: The whole county, and dealt chiefly with fiscal questions. The bishop's council, consisting of the clergy, the sheriff and the barons , regulated the judicial affairs. The palatine eventually developed several courts, including chancery , common pleas , admiralty and marshalsea . The Court of the County of Durham was abolished by section 2 of the Durham (County Palatine) Act 1836 , the Court of Chancery of
5658-459: The world, a feat to be repeated on a number of occasions. West Hartlepool was formerly a chapelry in the parish of Stranton , The municipal borough of West Hartlepool was created in 1887, and, with its headquarters at West Hartlepool Town Hall , on 31 December 1894 West Hartlepool became a separate civil parish , the district was promoted to the status of county borough , outside the control of Durham County Council , in 1902. On 1 April 1967,
5740-417: Was West Hartlepool became the larger town and both were formally unified in 1967. Today the term "West Hartlepool" is rarely heard outside the context of sport, but one of the town's Rugby Union teams still retains the name. The name of the town's professional football club reflected both boroughs; when it was formed in 1908, following the success of West Hartlepool in winning the FA Amateur Cup in 1905, it
5822-436: Was also involved in the education and the welfare of the inhabitants. In the end, he was a victim of his own ambition to promote the town: accusations of shady financial dealings, and years of legal battles, left him in near-poverty. He spent the last few years of his life in London, far away from the town he had created. First The area became heavily industrialised with an ironworks (established in 1838) and shipyards in
5904-511: Was called "Hartlepools United" in the hope of attracting support from both towns. When the boroughs combined in 1967, the club renamed itself "Hartlepool" before re-renaming itself Hartlepool United in the 1970s. Many fans of the club still refer to the team as "Pools" After the war, industry went into a severe decline. Blanchland , the last ship to be constructed in Hartlepool, left the slips in 1961. In 1967, Betty James wrote how "if I had
5986-406: Was completed in 1889. An events venue and public hall on Raby Road called West Hartlepool Town Hall was subsequently completed in 1897. In 1902 West Hartlepool was elevated to become a county borough , making it independent from Durham County Council . The old Hartlepool Borough Council amalgamated with West Hartlepool Borough Council in 1967 to form a county borough called Hartlepool. In 1974
6068-413: Was considered a County Palatine which received royal mandates direct. The jurisdiction of the bishops was also expanded during this period when the wapentake of Sadberge was purchased by bishop Hugh de Puiset in 1189. It was gradually incorporated into Durham, but retained separate assizes until 1586. The later history of the palatinate is characterised by the Crown and parliament slowly diminishing
6150-461: Was created in 1835 after a new port was built and railway links from the South Durham coal fields (to the west) and from Stockton-on-Tees (to the south) were created. A parliamentary constituency covering both the old town and West Hartlepool was created in 1867 called The Hartlepools . The two towns were formally merged into a single borough called Hartlepool in 1967. Following the merger,
6232-469: Was in vogue. Until 1968, the football team now known as Hartlepool United was shown in the plural - Hartlepool s United - to show its links to both Hartlepool and to West Hartlepool. Hartlepool Hartlepool ( / ˈ h ɑːr t l ɪ p uː l / HART -lih-pool ) is a seaside and port town in County Durham , England. It is governed by a unitary authority borough named after
6314-488: Was laid out on land outside Hartlepool's historic borough boundaries, in the neighbouring parish of Stranton . A body of improvement commissioners was established to administer the new town in 1854. The commissioners were superseded in 1887, when West Hartlepool was also incorporated as a municipal borough. The new borough council built itself a headquarters at the Municipal Buildings on Church Square, which
6396-411: Was mainly sand dunes to the south-west, and established West Hartlepool . Because Jackson was so successful at shipping coal from West Hartlepool through his West Hartlepool Dock and Railway Company and, as technology developed, ships grew in size and scale, the new town would eventually dwarf the old town. The 8-acre (3.2-hectare) West Hartlepool Harbour and Dock opened on 1 June 1847. On 1 June 1852,
6478-590: Was received before 1185, for which it gained its first mayor, an annual two-week fair and a weekly market. The Norman Conquest affected the settlement's name to form the Middle English Hart-le-pool ("The Pool of the Stags"). By the Middle Ages , Hartlepool was growing into an important (though still small) market town. One of the reasons for its escalating wealth was that its harbour
6560-556: Was relieved by an English Parliamentarian garrison. In 1795, Hartlepool artillery emplacements and defences were constructed in the town as a defensive measure against the threat of French attack from seaborne Napoleonic forces. During the Crimean War , two coastal batteries were constructed close together in the town to guard against the threat of seaborne attacks from the Imperial Russian Navy . They were entitled
6642-530: Was serving as the official port of the County Palatine of Durham . The main industry of the town at this time was fishing, and Hartlepool in this period established itself as one of the primary ports upon England's Eastern coast. In 1306, Robert the Bruce was crowned King of Scotland , and became the last Lord of Hartness. Angered, King Edward I confiscated the title to Hartlepool, and began to improve
6724-521: Was the court of chancery , which was abolished in 1972. The palatine included the contemporary ceremonial county of Durham except southern Teesdale , the parts of Tyne and Wear south of the Tyne , and had exclaves in Northumberland and North Yorkshire around the island of Lindisfarne and the settlements of Bedlington , Norham , and Crayke . The County Palatine of Durham emerged from
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