Misplaced Pages

#535464

43-558: Summit Avenue is part of two National Historic Districts and two City of Saint Paul Heritage Preservation Districts. The National Historic Districts are the Historic Hill District , an irregular area roughly bounded by Lexington Avenue, Portland Avenue, Dale Street North, Marshall Avenue, Pleasant Street, and Grand Avenue (exclusive of the area within the Woodland Park Historic District ), and

86-466: A cupola topped with a finial . Other architectural elements include polygonal bay windows and Corinthian order columns supporting an entablature . The floor plan was open and spacious, with the first parquet floor in Minnesota as well as steam heat, hot and cold running water, and gas lighting. The rat-proof interior walls are lined with a layer of brick, providing an air chamber to insulate

129-542: A property in Minnesota on the National Register of Historic Places is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Saint Paul, Minnesota -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Burbank%E2%80%93Livingston%E2%80%93Griggs House The Burbank–Livingston–Griggs House is the second-oldest house on Summit Avenue in Saint Paul, Minnesota , United States. It

172-694: A design based on Elizabethan English manor houses . Notably, instead of merely copying a 16th-century building the European tradition has been adapted in this case to suit a modern construction. However, perhaps the most prominent example of the Beaux-Arts style on Summit Avenue is not a house at all, but the Cathedral of Saint Paul . The Cathedral stands at one end of the Avenue, near the Hill House, and

215-484: A line running north from the Cathedral of St. Paul . Most of the houses in this district are large, distinctive houses built between 1890 and 1920. Summit Avenue was named one of 10 "great streets" nationally by the American Planning Association in 2008. The history of Summit Avenue dates back to the early 1850s, when Saint Paul was in its infancy. Mansions were starting to appear on top of

258-529: A medieval fortress. Buildings in this style were always built in brick or stone, usually roughly finished, and massive in construction. The largest and most well-known house on Summit Avenue, the James J Hill House , adheres to this style. The Hill House was built in 1891 for prominent railroad businessman James J Hill , who was key in the development of the American Northwest. Its architecture reflects

301-592: A move towards the Rectilinear style in its symmetry and blockish shape but cannot escape historicism in its medieval-inspired elements such as Gothic -like arched windows that were once fitted with stained glass. The 1912 Beebe House in comparison is much simpler and thoroughly unpretentious in its appearance, looking almost insignificant compared to the other grand houses on the avenue. The Beebe House features no ornamentation but includes extended eaves and windows arranged in banked groups, elements also distinctive of

344-713: A steeply pitched slate roof, and an entrance pavilion with a segmental arch. Another residence that reflects this style is the former house of James J Hill’s son, Louis Hill. It is distinguished by a classical style portico on its front facade with ionic columns and decorative carvings reminiscent of neoclassicism . On Summit Avenue the houses constructed in the Tudor style were not simply replicas of historical buildings but instead modern buildings featuring Tudor style elements. These Tudor elements often included decorative half-timbering , gables, prominent chimneys, patterned brickwork, and medieval-inspired steeply pitched roofs. One of

387-556: A transition from the aforementioned Italianate style to that of the newer Queen Anne. It featured characteristics of both styles such as typically Italianate porch detailing, windows and bracketing while also having a roof, balconies, and turrets that adhere more to the new style. Summit Avenue contains many houses built in the purely Queen Anne style such as the castle-like red brick Driscoll House with its conical turret and high-pitched roof spotted with many dormers and chimneys. The beautifully painted wooden “fairytale” residence at 513 Summit

430-504: Is a historic district of 63 single and multi-family houses in Saint Paul, Minnesota , United States, roughly bounded latitudinally by Marshall and Selby Avenue and longitudinally by Arundel and Dale Street. It is an island within the Historic Hill District , added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. [REDACTED] Media related to Woodland Park District at Wikimedia Commons This article about

473-590: Is the only one of these still standing, making it the oldest remaining house on Summit Avenue and one of the oldest in St. Paul. Development was slow during the American Civil War and afterward, but the district began to grow in the 1880s. City water service was provided in 1884, and a cable car line built on Selby Avenue in 1887 provided improved access to downtown. In 1890, the city's first streetcars began operating on Grand Avenue, just south of Summit, and

SECTION 10

#1732787450536

516-481: Is “a mausoleum of American architectural monstrosities.” The earliest residences constructed on Summit Avenue were primarily constructed in a style commonly referred to as the “Italian Villa”. The “Italian Villa” or “ Italianate ” style was a popular style in the 1860s and 1870s and was part of the picturesque movement, which rebelled against the wide usage of classical forms in architecture. Italianate buildings in particular were largely inspired by medieval farmhouses in

559-667: The James J Hill House in 1891, this was the grandest house in Minnesota and was exemplary of the Second Empire style with its opulent details such as scrollwork and stained glass windows, and distinctive mansard-roofed tower. After the Italianate style, the next style to become widespread on Summit Avenue was the Queen Anne style . Its name is misleading as although named “Queen Anne” it bore no real resemblance to early 18th-century British architecture . Instead, this style

602-666: The Mississippi River bluff was constructed of massive blocks of limestone quarried across the river in Mendota, Minnesota . The site at 432 Summit Avenue overlooked the town, where owner James Crawford Burbank's steamboats and stagecoaches carried mail, passengers, and goods. Burbank had come to Saint Paul from Vermont in 1850 and built a financial empire from scratch, then reorganized the Saint Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company and served as its president. He

645-551: The West Summit Avenue Historic District , a narrow area running from Oxford Street South west to the Mississippi River along Summit Avenue. The city districts are Summit Hill , also known as Crocus Hill , a triangular region from Lexington Avenue on the west, Summit Avenue on the north, and the bluffs (just north of Interstate Highway 35E ) on the south, and Ramsey Hill , the area bounded by Summit Avenue, Dale Street, Interstate Highway 94 , and

688-709: The 1960s and 1970s, as young couples discovered that the Victorian homes could be purchased affordably and could be restored over time. Neighborhood associations also formed and helped with preservation efforts. Summit Avenue originally began at North Robert Street but much of Summit Avenue in the Capitol Heights area was removed with the expansion of the State Capitol Mall and the construction of Interstate 94. The remaining section of Summit Avenue in that area between Cedar Street and North Robert Street

731-528: The Georgian and Tudor. Summit’s Georgian Revival houses drew on inspiration from 18th-century English architecture and were characterized by red brick two-story symmetrical facades, with equal numbers of windows on each side and flat roofs decorated with balustrades . One example of the Georgian style is the Boeckman House at 366 Summit which features eight decorated chimneys, decorative cornices ,

774-543: The Hill District became a fashionable place to live. The district began to decline in the 1930s as many old mansions either turned into rooming-houses or went vacant for many years. The housing stock was not decimated by commercial development pressure, as the bluffs separating the Summit Avenue area from downtown St. Paul made it difficult for downtown to expand into the area. The area began to turn around in

817-484: The Hill House exhibits more delicate elements as well such as its skylights and Tiffany stained glass windows, showing an interesting contrast. The Wilder Mansion that once stood at 226 Summit could similarly be classified as Romanesque Revival in style but it did not resemble the Hill House. Compared to the eclectic and rough Hill House it was much more in keeping with the picturesque movement and adhered more to historic European styles than American utilitarianism. However,

860-560: The Italian Villa style and historic photographs show that it featured brick-veneered walls, a three-story tower, and a mansard roof. However, ten years later this style was no longer considered fashionable and the house was then updated to adhere more to the then-popular Queen Anne style. Six feet were added to three sides of the houses and the roofline was completely changed so that the remodeled house looked completely unrecognizable from its original Italian Villa design. However, perhaps

903-483: The Italian countryside. Residences in this style are usually characterized by low-pitched roofs often topped with cupolas, eaves decorated by brackets, and round-headed windows with decorative moldings. Most Italianate buildings also feature a square tower and are irregular and asymmetrical in shape. The earliest residence constructed on the bluff overlooking St. Paul was the house of Edward Duffield Neill and although it

SECTION 20

#1732787450536

946-491: The Lightner House at 318 Summit is more similar to the Hill House and exhibits features such as large blocks of rough stone and a strong entrance arch that reflect the distinctive buildings of Richardson. The 1887 Rugg House is also Romanesque but not quite so simple with its horizontal dark-colored brickwork, peaked tile roof, and entrance arch decorated with carved sculptures. Those who built homes on Summit Avenue at

989-404: The distinctive work of architect Henry Hobson Richardson whose style, though historically inspired, was very versatile and stressed utilitarianism, coherence, and greater simplicity. Many common features of this uniquely American Richardsonian Romanesque are featured in the Hill House such as rough red sandstone masonry, heavy round arches, and a slate roof, all built on a massive scale. However,

1032-626: The famous Prairie Style which was soon to become a variant of the Rectilinear. These buildings are listed in numerical address order. Three buildings on or near Summit Avenue are National Historic Landmarks (NHLs). A number of buildings on Summit Avenue are listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Other buildings include: Roth, Leland M. American Architecture: A History. Westview Press, 2001. 44°56′28.9″N 93°8′47.6″W  /  44.941361°N 93.146556°W  / 44.941361; -93.146556 Woodland Park Historic District The Woodland Park District

1075-474: The first houses to be built in the Tudor Villa style on Summit Avenue was the 1909 Lindeke House at 345 Summit. It is notable for having a brick first story while the contrasting upper two stories are instead of stucco -and-beam construction. At 807 Summit stands another Tudor-style residence, this one too with unusual brick and half-timbered stories and a distinctively unbalanced facade, in stark contrast to

1118-427: The hill in the earliest days of the city. An 1859 photograph by Joel Whitney shows six houses on the hill. Edward Duffield Neill owned the first house on Summit Avenue, in a location now occupied by the James J. Hill House . Continuing westward, the photo shows the houses of William and Angelina Noble, Henry F. Masterson, Henry Mower Rice , Henry Neill Paul, and David Stuart. The Stuart house, at 312 Summit Avenue,

1161-449: The house from the harsh winter cold. Floors and staircases connecting the four levels are oak and marble. A stairway leads to the glass-enclosed cupola on the roof. Servants, including three maids, a coachman, a driver, and a gardener, originally lived on the third floor. Summit Avenue was still only an oxcart trail when Wheelock arrived to build this Civil War-era mansion at the top of a steep hill. The picturesque country estate high on

1204-428: The most characteristic example of Italianate architecture on Summit Avenue is the 1863 Burbank–Livingston–Griggs House , with its distinctive arched bay windows, bracketed cornice , and glass-enclosed cupola on the roof. Another popular style in the early years was the opulent Second Empire Style , which derives its name from the reign of Napoleon III of France (1852-1870). This style, based on Parisian buildings,

1247-489: The period. When Stem retired from his architectural practice, Magnus Jemne began installing late-18th-century French panels in the grand salon and bedroom suite. Edwin Hugh Lundie completed the complicated task of fitting the antique interiors in the dining room, two bedrooms, two sitting rooms, wardrobe rooms, and a small hallway. In the basement, he designed a glass-walled ballroom in the latest Art Deco style for

1290-697: The symmetry of the Georgian Revival. While other houses continued to draw inspiration from history a comparatively more modern style also took root on Summit Avenue, the Rectilinear Style. In this style, the architectural form moves away from previous irregular and fantastical forms and towards a more rectangular shape. Houses of this style often feature elements such as overhanging eaves and casement windows but have little applied ornamentation and are relatively unpretentious when compared to other styles. The Dittenhofer house at 705 Summit exhibits

1333-637: The turn of the century wanted to exude a certain sense of culture, and employed the Beaux-Arts style based on an appreciation of the tradition of European architecture. On Summit Avenue the most popular form was the Italian Renaissance palazzo style, like the 1894 Scott residence at 340 Summit, which resembles a Renaissance palace. Another example of the Beaux-Arts style on Summit Avenue is the Davidson House at 344 Summit which features

Summit Avenue (St. Paul) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1376-459: The wife of Crawford Livingston, was a niece of Henry Hastings Sibley , Minnesota's first governor. In 1884, 20 years after the house was built, the Livingston family worked with architect Clarence H. Johnston Sr. to replace the single window on the stairs with three arched windows of stained glass and install elaborately carved oak paneling in the entry. After those improvements, the home

1419-424: Was active in civic affairs, founding the chamber of commerce , establishing Como Park , and constructing a streetcar system. He served in public office as a Ramsey County commissioner and state representative. In addition to Burbank, the house is named after two important owners who led the early growth and development of the capital city: Crawford Livingston and Theodore Wright Griggs. Mary Potts Livingston,

1462-619: Was also constructed in this style and features a large porch and a fanciful turret. One of the best-preserved Queen Anne Style houses on the Avenue is the Shipman-Greve House at 445 Summit. This unique limestone house exhibits half-timbering and decorative Japanese-inspired latticework on the porch. A variant of the Queen Anne style commonly known as the “ Shingle Style ” can be seen in Summit’s 1884 Noyes House. This Shingle Style

1505-664: Was designed by Emmanuel Masqueray , a former student at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts . Its design was heavily modeled on the baroque St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City and follows the traditional Greek Cross floor plan with many baroque-inspired flourishes. The Cathedral’s most distinctive characteristic is its 306 and a half-foot dome, inspired by those of Bramante and Michaelangelo . In addition to houses inspired by classical and medieval buildings Summit Avenue also featured residences that drew on historically English styles such as

1548-552: Was designed in Italianate style by architect Otis L. Wheelock of Chicago and built from 1862 to 1863. The work was commissioned by James C. Burbank, a wealthy owner of the Minnesota Stage Company . Later, four significant local architects left their mark on the landmark structure. The building was one of the first Minnesota properties nominated to the National Register of Historic Places , in 1970. It

1591-504: Was fantastical in appearance featuring columns and pediments, peaked, high-pitched roofs, and profuse decorative elements such as dormer windows, gables, bays, porches, balconies, and turrets. In addition, this style almost always includes a wrap-around porch and either a round or polygonal corner tower coming out of the spire-like roof. Such houses were constructed using materials such as stone, slate, brick, wood, shingles, and half-timbering. Summit Avenue’s lost 1882 Barnum House once exhibited

1634-428: Was listed for its state-level significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for being one of Minnesota's most elaborate examples of mid-19th-century Italianate architecture. In 1976 it was also included as a contributing property to the Historic Hill District . The Burbank–Livingston–Griggs House is built of grey limestone and features arched windows, a bracketed cornice with carved pendants, and

1677-544: Was razed in 1886 surviving photographs show that the bracketed limestone house was built according to this style. Another early house, the 1863 Emerson House at 378 Summit, was also built in this style and its facade was quite similar to that of the Neill House, with limestone walls and fashionably ornate window hoods. A house originally constructed in 1875, the Cutler House at 360 Summit, was originally constructed in

1720-525: Was relatively unchanged for many years. Mary Livingston Griggs inherited the house from her parents in 1925. She worked with architect Allen H. Stem to expand the living space with a two-story limestone addition and remodel the living room in the style of a 17th-century English Renaissance chamber. Her love for history and antiques inspired her to install whole rooms brought over from elegant French and Italian houses in Europe and furnished with antiques from

1763-546: Was renamed Thirteenth Street and was itself later renamed Columbus Street in 1953. Frank Lloyd Wright , noted as "the greatest American architect of all time" by AIA, claimed that Summit Avenue is "the worst collection of architecture in the world." This was in part due to the imposing scale of the buildings, but mainly because Summit Avenue architecture copied design styles from Europe, rather than attempting to find an original American aesthetic. F. Scott Fitzgerald disliked Summit Avenue as well, stating that Summit Avenue

Summit Avenue (St. Paul) - Misplaced Pages Continue

1806-584: Was similar to the Queen Anne but was constructed with wood shingling on every surface, giving these buildings an irregular texture. Another popular style of architecture on Summit Avenue was the “ Romanesque Revival ”. This style was characterized by powerful medieval design motifs, particularly inspired by those of the Romanesque period (800-1150). Such medieval-inspired elements often include corner towers, steeply pitched roofs, and heavy arches around doorways and windows, making these buildings often resemble

1849-476: Was very similar in style to the Italianate but featured a distinctly different roof style. This most defining characteristic was the pyramidal mansard roof , inspired by those of 17th-century French architect Francois Mansart . Summit Avenue once possessed a very fine Second Empire style home, the Kittson Mansion, which occupied the spot of the current Cathedral of Saint Paul . Before the construction of

#535464