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57-432: The land was part of unincorporated Sarasota County and used for ranching and agriculture in the 1930s, becoming known as Taylor Ranch. The property was sold in 2002 and became Thomas Ranch. In 2002, approximately 8,000 acres (3,200 ha) of Thomas Ranch was annexed by the city of North Port, as per a request from the landowners at the time. Following this annexation, the land was sold to developers, who planned on creating

114-529: A federation with Eritrea . He dissolved it in 1962 and annexed Eritrea , resulting in the Eritrean War of Independence . The part of former Mandatory Palestine occupied by Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War was renamed "the West Bank ". It was annexed to Jordan in 1950 at the request of a Palestinian delegation. It had been questioned, however, how representative that delegation was, and at

171-528: A claimed annexation after World War II is the Kingdom of Norway 's southward expansion of the dependent territory Queen Maud Land . On most maps, there had been an unclaimed area between Queen Maud Land's borders of 1939 and the South Pole until 12 June 2015, when Norway formally claimed to have annexed that area. On 18 September 1955 at precisely 10:16 am, Rockall was declared officially annexed by

228-498: A descriptive term for a state establishing facts on the ground as the prelude to a future claim of sovereignty. The Fourth Geneva Convention (GCIV) of 1949 amplified the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 with respect to the question of the protection of civilians, and the rules regarding inviolability of rights have "an absolute character", making it much more difficult for a state to bypass international law through

285-598: A large-scale master-planned community similar to other communities in Florida such as The Villages , Lakewood Ranch and Babcock Ranch . The developers broke ground in the mid-2000s amid a housing boom, however the Great Recession halted further development until the mid-2010s. In May 2014, a partnership, including Mattamy Homes and Vanguard Land and other developers, invested about $ 100 million to purchase approximately 9,600 acres (3,900 ha) that represented

342-517: A premise that are the effective Dumbarton Oaks proposals. I.e. :" "The Organization and its Members, in pursuit of the Purposes stated in Article 1, shall act in accordance with the following Principles. Article 2, clauses 3-4 essentially prohibit threat or use of force as well as war (except in self-defense; The right to self-defense is reaffirmed in Article 51, which states, "Nothing in

399-639: A small-scale yet bloody conflict with the Indonesian military since the 1960s. North Vietnam de facto annexed South Vietnam following the military defeat and effective dissolution of its government system and military on 30 April 1975. Vietnam was officially reunited one year later as the merger of the Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam and North Vietnam . One example of

456-678: A treaty in December 1974. During the British colonial rule in India, Sikkim had an ambiguous status, as an Indian princely state or as an Indian protectorate . Prior to Indian independence, Jawaharlal Nehru , acting as the leader of Executive Council, agreed that Sikkim would not be treated as an Indian state. Between 1947 and 1950, Sikkim enjoyed de facto independence. However, Indian independence spurred popular political movements in Sikkim and

513-460: Is generally held to be an illegal act. Annexation is a unilateral act where territory is seized and held by one state, as distinct from the complete conquest of another country, and differs from cession , in which territory is given or sold through treaty. Annexation can be legitimized if generally recognized by other states and international bodies. The illegality of annexation means that states carrying out such acts usually avoid using

570-555: Is illegal, the question as to whether title or sovereignty can be transferred in such a situation has been the subject of legal debate. '[A]nnexation by the use of force of the territory of another State or part thereof' is an act of aggression according to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court . Illegally annexed territory is considered as still occupied under international law and

627-609: Is in violation of the international prohibition against annexation, even absent a formal declaration. Israel occupied two-thirds of the Golan Heights from Syria during the 1967 Six-Day War, and subsequently built Jewish settlements in the area. In 1981, Israel passed the Golan Heights Law , which extended Israeli "law, jurisdiction, and administration" to the area, including the Shebaa farms area. This declaration

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684-548: Is meant to serve as a cohesive branding for communities to be built in the future, as over 7,000 acres (2,800 ha) of land is still undeveloped. The community will be geographically organized into Districts, with current districts including the West Villages, Downtown Wellen, and Playmore. Wellen Park includes the following neighborhoods: In early 2017, the Atlanta Braves professional baseball team announced

741-598: Is now officially known as Timor-Leste . After being allied with Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War (largely due to desiring Iraqi protection from Iran ), Kuwait was invaded and annexed by Iraq (under Saddam Hussein ) in August 1990. Hussein's primary justifications included a charge that Kuwaiti territory was in fact an Iraqi province, and that annexation was retaliation for "economic warfare" Kuwait had waged through slant drilling into Iraq's oil supplies. The monarchy

798-523: Is prohibited under international law", adding that unilateral changes to borders violate "the rules-based international order and the UN Charter". In 1975, and following the Madrid Accords between Mauritania , Morocco , and Spain , the last Spanish troops withdrew from the territory and ceded the administration to Mauritania and Morocco. This was challenged by an independentist movement,

855-586: The Battle for Jerusalem . Only Costa Rica recognized Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem, and those countries who maintained embassies in Israel did not move them to Jerusalem. The United States Congress passed the Jerusalem Embassy Act , which recognizes Jerusalem as the united capital of Israel and requires the relocation of the U.S. embassy there in 1995. The act included a provision permitting

912-463: The British Crown when Lieutenant-Commander Desmond Scott RN , Sergeant Brian Peel RM , Corporal AA Fraser RM, and James Fisher (a civilian naturalist and former Royal Marine), were deposited on the island by a Royal Navy helicopter from HMS  Vidal (coincidentally named after the man who first charted the island). The team cemented in a brass plaque on Hall's Ledge and hoisted

969-694: The Jerusalem Law as part of its Basic Law , which declared Jerusalem the "complete and united" capital of Israel. In other words, Israel purported to annex East Jerusalem. The annexation was declared null and void by United Nations Security Council (UNSC) resolutions 252, 267, 271, 298, 465, 476 and 478. Jewish neighborhoods have since been built in East Jerusalem, and Israeli Jews have since also settled in Arab neighborhoods there, though some Jews may have returned from their 1948 expulsion after

1026-573: The Polisario Front that waged a guerrilla war against both Mauritania and Morocco. In 1979, and after a military putsch , Mauritania withdrew from the territory that left it controlled by Morocco. A United Nations peace process was initiated in 1991, but it has been stalled, and as of mid-2012, the UN is holding direct negotiations between Morocco and the Polisario front to reach a solution to

1083-850: The Qing dynasty over Tibet was established after a Qing expedition force defeated the Dzungar Khanate which had occupied Tibet in 1720, and lasted until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1912. The Imperial Edict of the Abdication of the Qing Emperor issued in 1912 provided the legal basis for the Republic of China (ROC) to inherit all Qing territories, including Tibet. However, the ROC had no effective control over Tibet from 1912 to 1951; In

1140-754: The Union Flag to stake the UK's claim. However, any effect of this annexation on valuable maritime rights claims under UNCLOS in the waters beyond 12 nautical miles from Rockall are neither claimed by Britain nor recognised by Denmark (for the Faroe Islands ), Iceland or Ireland . Chapter I of the United Nations Charter Chapter I of the United Nations Charter lays out the purposes and principles of

1197-710: The United Nations organization. These principles include the equality and self-determination of nations, respect of human rights and fundamental freedoms and the obligation of member countries to obey the Charter, to cooperate with the UN Security Council and to use peaceful means to resolve conflicts. These "purposes and principles" reflect a premise that the effectiveness of the United Nations would be enhanced with broad guidelines to guide

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1254-406: The annexation of territories in southern and eastern Ukraine. As a result, Russia claimed sovereignty over the territories of four Ukrainian oblasts – Luhansk , Donetsk , Zaporizhzhia and Kherson – and recognised as its federal subjects Donetsk People's Republic , Luhansk People's Republic , Zaporizhzhia and Kherson Oblasts. In 1952, Ethiopian Emperor Haile Selassie orchestrated

1311-498: The District. The District was established by Florida Legislature on June 17, 2004. A five-person board governs the District, which oversees approximately 11,000 acres (4,500 ha). Annexation Annexation , in international law , is the forcible acquisition and assertion of legal title over one state's territory by another state, usually following military occupation of the territory. In current international law, it

1368-616: The Golan Heights as sovereign Israeli territory. In response, United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres stated "the status of Golan has not changed", and the decision received worldwide condemnation with European members of the United Nations Security Council noting "we raise our strong concerns about the broader consequences of recognizing illegal annexation and also about broader regional consequences" and that "annexation of territory by force

1425-709: The Government of Tibet and the PRC, and a military conflict in the Chamdo area of western Kham in October 1950. Many analysts consider the incorporation of Tibet into the PRC an annexation. If the actions of 1950 constituted an annexation, it was subsequently legalized by the Seventeen Point Agreement by the Government of Tibet in October 1951. From 1959 onwards, claims were made that this agreement

1482-661: The Indian Parliament for a change in Sikkim's status so that it could become a state of India. In April, the Indian Army moved into Sikkim, seizing the city of Gangtok and disarming the Palace Guards. A referendum was held in which 97.5% of the voting people (59% of the people entitled to vote) voted to join the Indian Union. A few weeks later, on 16 May 1975, Sikkim officially became the 22nd state of

1539-722: The Indian Union and the monarchy was abolished. Western New Guinea officially became part of Indonesia through the Act of Free Choice in 1969, supervised by the UN. Based on the New York Agreement (1962) between Indonesia and the Netherlands, the UN held the Act of Free Choice to determine whether Western New Guinea would join Indonesia or not. Through a deliberation of representatives, the majority voted to join, and this result

1596-695: The Majdal Shams residents refused Israeli citizenship, and are still firmly of that opinion, in spite of the Syrian Civil War . On 29 November 2012, the United Nations General Assembly reaffirmed it was "[d]eeply concerned that Israel has not withdrawn from the Syrian Golan, which has been under occupation since 1967, contrary to the relevant Security Council and General Assembly resolutions," and "[s]tress[ed]

1653-485: The President to delay its implementation due to national security concerns. This waiver was used by presidents Clinton , Bush , Obama , and Trump , but was allowed to expire in 2019. Law professor Omar M. Dajani and others discuss de facto annexation (also referred to as "creeping annexation" ). The debate considers whether, in all the circumstances, there is a pattern of behavior sufficient to conclude that Israel

1710-537: The Russian Federation an "occupying power". Russia rejects the view that this was an annexation and regards it as an accession to the Russian Federation of a state that had just declared independence from Ukraine following a disputed referendum , and considers it secession as a result of irredentism . A term often used in Russia to describe these events is "re-unification" (воссоединение) to highlight

1767-537: The United Nations Charter , which is in force today: "All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations". These principles were reconfirmed by the 1970 Friendly Relations Declaration . Since the use of force against territorial integrity or political independence

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1824-481: The actions of its Organisations and member states. However, some members were concerned that these proposals granted what they considered overly broad discretionary powers for the organs of the United Nations in the Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals. And the adopted purposes and principles have been seen as reflecting the compromise achieved. The adopted purposes of the United Nations reflect

1881-585: The areas after 36 hours of fighting, thus ending 451 years of Portuguese colonial rule in India. The action was viewed in India as a liberation of historically Indian territory; in Portugal, however, the loss of both enclaves was seen as a national tragedy. A condemnation of the action by the United Nations Security Council was vetoed by the Soviet Union . Goa and Daman and Diu were incorporated into India. Portugal recognized India's sovereignty over Goa in

1938-602: The conflict. The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic is a partially recognized state that has claimed the entire region since 1976. In March 2014, Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula , which had been a part of Ukraine since 1991 and administers the territory as two federal subjects – the Republic of Crimea and the federal city of Sevastopol . The UN General Assembly considers the Russian possession of Crimea and Sevastopol to be an "attempted annexation" and

1995-755: The fact that Crimea was a part of the Russian Empire from 1783 to 1917, and part of the Russian SFSR from 1921 to 1954. Few states recognize this view. Ukraine considers Crimea and Sevastopol its own territory, and oversees the Crimea Platform , an international diplomatic initiative to restore its sovereignty. On 30 September 2022, during the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the Russian Federation , following referendums , declared

2052-537: The fact that only the UN Security Council has the power to force any country to do anything by stating that "Nothing contained in the present Charter shall authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state or shall require the Members to submit such matters to settlement under the present Charter; but this principle shall not prejudice

2109-609: The illegality of the Israeli settlement construction and other activities in the occupied Syrian Golan since 1967." The General Assembly then voted by majority, 110 in favour to 6 against (Canada, Israel, Marshall Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, United States), with 59 abstentions, to demand a full Israeli withdrawal from the Syrian Golan Heights. On 25 March 2019, the United States recognized

2166-578: The insistence of the Arab League , Jordan was considered a trustee only. Only Pakistan and the United Kingdom recognized the annexation by Jordan. It was not condemned by the United Nations Security Council and it remained under Jordanian rule until 1967 when it was occupied by Israel . Jordan did not officially relinquish its claim to rule the West Bank until 1988. Israel has not taken

2223-632: The opinion of the Chinese government, this condition does not represent Tibet's de jure independence as many other parts of China also enjoyed de facto independence when the Chinese state was torn by warlordism , Japanese invasion , and civil war . Tibet came under the control of the People's Republic of China (PRC) after attempts by the Government of Tibet to gain international recognition, efforts to modernize its military , negotiations between

2280-399: The present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations ..."). Article 2, clauses 4-5 essentially prohibits also (support of) activities against the territorial integrity or political independence of another state (including covert operations). Article 2, clause 7 of this chapter reemphasizes

2337-651: The present day. On 27 June 1967, Israel unilaterally extended its law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem and some of the surrounding area, incorporating about 70 square kilometers of territory into the Jerusalem Municipality. Although at the time, Israel informed the United Nations that its measures constituted administrative and municipal integration rather than annexation. Later rulings by the Israeli Supreme Court indicated that East Jerusalem had become part of Israel. In 1980, Israel passed

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2394-420: The princely states opted to join either Pakistan or India, Hyderabad State elected instead to resume full independence. Following the expiration of ultimatums from India, the Indian military launched its Operation Polo on 13 September 1948 and invaded Hyderabad. After conquering most of Hyderabad in five days of warfare, the Nizam signed a treaty on 18 September 1948 that saw Hyderabad annexed by India. In 1954,

2451-405: The provisions of international humanitarian law continue to apply. For precision, such territory may be referred to as "occupied and illegally annexed". In a report to the United Nations General Assembly , Michael Lynk contrasted de jure annexation as a formal declaration by a state that it is claiming permanent sovereignty over territory and de facto annexation without the formal declaration as

2508-399: The remainder of the former Berry and Taylor family ranch, rebranding the community as the West Villages. The community was to include several new neighborhoods, and a shopping center. Over the next 6 years, construction boomed with the addition of multiple new neighborhoods, a shopping center, and infrastructure. In April 2020, the master-planned community was renamed Wellen Park. The new name

2565-475: The residents of Dadra and Nagar Haveli , a Portuguese enclave within India, ended Portuguese rule with the help of nationalist volunteers. From 1954 to 1961, the territory enjoyed de facto independence. In 1961, the territory was merged with India after its government signed an agreement with the Indian government. In 1961, India and Portugal engaged in a brief military conflict over Portuguese-controlled Goa and Daman and Diu . India invaded and conquered

2622-405: The ruling Chogyal came under pressure. He requested Indian help to quell the uprising, which was offered. Subsequently, in 1950, India signed a treaty with Sikkim bringing it under its suzerainty , and controlling its external affairs, defence, diplomacy and communications. A state council was established in 1955 to allow for constitutional government under the Sikkimese monarch. Meanwhile, trouble

2679-427: The selection of North Port, Florida, as the site of CoolToday Park . Sarasota County has approved its funding earmarking about $ 22 million in tourist development taxes. The city of North Port will provide $ 4.7 million and the Florida Sports Foundation is slated to contribute $ 20 million. The developer donated the land. The Atlanta Braves are making the upfront capital contribution and annual lease payments. By hosting

2736-425: The stadium, Wellen Park intends future activities, events and opportunities for its residents as well as visitors from throughout the region and the country. Much of the planned community is situated within the West Villages Improvement District (WVID), a specialized taxing district whose purpose is to provide infrastructure, including community development systems, facilities, services, projects, and improvements to

2793-422: The step of annexing the territory (except for the part of it that was made part of the Jerusalem Municipality). Rather, there were enacted a complex (and highly controversial) system of military government decrees in effect applying Israeli law in many spheres to Israeli settlements . Following an Indonesian invasion in 1975, East Timor (Timor-Leste) was annexed by Indonesia and was known as Timor Timur . It

2850-399: The use of annexation. During the 1967 Six-Day War , Israel captured East Jerusalem , a part of the West Bank , from Jordan . While Jordan had annexed the West Bank in 1950, it was considered an illegal occupation and Jordan was recognized as the legal sovereign by the United Kingdom and possibly Pakistan. On 31 July 1988, Jordan relinquished this claim. It has remained occupied until

2907-473: The word annexation in describing their actions; in each of the unresolved annexations by Israel , Morocco and Russia , the states have avoided characterizing their actions as such. International law regarding the use of force by states evolved significantly in the 20th century. Key agreements include the 1907 Porter Convention , the 1920 Covenant of the League of Nations and the 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact , culminating in Article 2(4) of Chapter I of

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2964-452: Was accepted by the UN General Assembly in a session in November 1969. This decision was implicitly considered to recognize Western New Guinea as part of Indonesia, because the General Assembly did not reject the report of the UN Secretary General regarding the implementation of Act of Free Choice. West Papua is the western half of the island of New Guinea and smaller islands to its west. The separatist Free Papua Movement (OPM) has engaged in

3021-419: Was brewing in the state after the Sikkim National Congress demanded fresh elections and greater representation for the Nepalese . In the 1967 Nathu La and Cho La clashes , Chinese border attacks were repulsed. In 1973, riots in front of the palace led to a formal request for protection from India. The Chogyal was proving to be extremely unpopular with the people. In 1975, the Kazi (prime minister) appealed to

3078-428: Was declared "null and void and without international legal effect" by United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 . The Federated States of Micronesia recognized the annexation and in 2019, the United States joined in recognition. The vast majority of Syrian Druze in Majdal Shams , the largest Syrian village in the Golan, have held onto their Syrian passports. When Israel annexed the Golan Heights in 1981, 95% of

3135-450: Was deposed after annexation, and an Iraqi governor installed. United States president George H. W. Bush ultimately condemned Iraq's actions, and moved to drive out Iraqi forces. Authorized by United Nations Security Council resolutions, an American-led coalition of 34 nations fought the Gulf War to reinstate the Kuwaiti Emir . Iraq's invasion (and annexation) was deemed illegal and Kuwait remains an independent nation today. The rule of

3192-414: Was regarded by Indonesia as the country's 27th province, but this was never recognised by the United Nations . The people of East Timor resisted Indonesian forces in a prolonged guerrilla campaign. Following a referendum held in 1999 under a UN -sponsored agreement between the two sides, the people of East Timor rejected the offer of autonomy within Indonesia. East Timor achieved independence in 2002 and

3249-443: Was signed under pressure; academics have debated this ever since, but Tibet is recognized internationally as part of China. After the withdrawal of the British Empire from India, each of the Princely States of India and Pakistan that had been protectorates of the British Empire were given the choice of either 1. opting to join India, 2. opting to join Pakistan or 3. resume their former status as fully independent states. While most of

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