The White Dacha ( Russian : белая дача ; Ukrainian : біла дача ) is the house that Anton Chekhov had built in Yalta and in which he wrote some of his greatest work. It is now a writer's house museum .
65-611: The White Dacha was built in 1898 following Chekhov's success with The Seagull . He took up residence there after his father's death and to aid him with coping with tuberculosis . Chekhov planted a variety of trees including mulberry , cherry, almond, peach, cypress , citrus, acacia and birch . He also planted roses such as 'Cheshunt Hybrid', 'Cramoisi Supérieur', ' Gloire de Dijon ', ' La France ', 'Madame Joseph Schwartz', 'Madame Lombard', 'Princesse de Sagan', Rosa banksiae f. 'Lutea', ' Souvenir de la Malmaison ', 'Turner's Crimson Rambler'..., and kept dogs and tame cranes. The house
130-420: A new theatrical form . It is a dense symbolist work. Irina laughs at the play, finding it ridiculous and incomprehensible; the performance ends prematurely after audience interruption and Konstantin storms off in humiliation. Irina does not seem concerned about her son, who has not found his way in the world. Although others ridicule Konstantin's drama, the physician Yevgeny Dorn praises him. Act I also sets up
195-549: A "woman on the edge of stardom", and the London Evening Standard calling her "superlative", and stating that the play was "distinguished by the illuminating, psychological insights of Miss Garai's performance." The Classic Stage Company in New York City revived the work on 13 March 2008 in a production of Paul Schmidt 's translation directed by Viacheslav Dolgachev. This production was notable for
260-638: A German officer move into her brother's rooms and prevented his belongings from being looted. The house was damaged by one of the last air raids on the area by the Luftwaffe . The Soviet government, as with other such heritage sites, diligently looked after the house but following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the responsibility for the house's upkeep came under dispute. Crimea became an autonomous republic within Ukraine. The museum falls under
325-550: A bed and another a writing table. Chekhov eventually moved in, and in a letter written in October 1895 he wrote: I am writing a play which I shall probably not finish before the end of November. I am writing it not without pleasure, though I swear fearfully at the conventions of the stage. It's a comedy, there are three women's parts, six men's, four acts, landscapes (view over a lake); a great deal of conversation about literature, little action, and tons of love. Thus he acknowledged
390-445: A brief argument between Arkadina and Sorin, Sorin collapses in grief. He is helped by Medvedenko. Konstantin enters and asks his mother to change his bandage. As she is doing this, Konstantin disparages Trigorin, eliciting another argument. When Trigorin reenters, Konstantin leaves in tears. Trigorin asks Arkadina if they can stay at the estate. She flatters and cajoles him until he agrees to return with her to Moscow. After she has left
455-464: A brief vacation with her lover, the writer Boris Trigorin. Pyotr and his guests gather at an outdoor stage to see an unconventional play that Irina's son, Konstantin Treplev, has written and directed. The play-within-a-play features Nina Zarechnaya, a young woman who lives on a neighboring estate, as the "soul of the world" in a time far in the future. The play is Konstantin's latest attempt at creating
520-558: A cast with several prominent performers. In contrast to the popular model, which gives precedence to a sole protagonist , an ensemble cast leans more towards a sense of "collectivity and community". Ensemble casts in film were introduced as early as September 1916, with D. W. Griffith 's silent epic film Intolerance , featuring four separate though parallel plots. The film follows the lives of several characters over hundreds of years, across different cultures and time periods. The unification of different plot lines and character arcs
585-404: A cold perspiration, in lamentation... I acted as coldly and reasonably as a man who has made an offer, received a refusal, and has nothing left but to go. Yes, my vanity was stung, but you know it was not a bolt from the blue; I was expecting a failure and was prepared for it, as I warned you with perfect sincerity beforehand. And a month later: I thought that if I had written and put on the stage
650-553: A dam breaking. The production received unanimous praise from the press. It was not until 1 May 1899 that Chekhov saw the production, in a performance without sets but in make-up and costumes at the Paradiz Theatre. He praised the production but was less keen on Stanislavski's own performance; he objected to the "soft, weak-willed tone" in his interpretation (shared by Nemirovich ) of Trigorin and entreated Nemirovich to "put some spunk into him or something". He proposed that
715-420: A departure from traditional dramatic action. This departure became a hallmark of Chekhovian theater. Chekhov's statement also reflects his view of the play as a comedy, a view he maintained towards all his plays. After the play's disastrous opening night, his friend Aleksey Suvorin chided him for being "womanish" and accused him of being in "a funk." Chekhov vigorously denied this, stating: Why this libel? After
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#1732772814962780-468: A gull. But a man arrives by chance, and when he sees her, he destroys her, out of sheer boredom. Like this gull. Arkadina calls for Trigorin, and he leaves as she tells him that she has changed her mind – they will be leaving immediately. Nina lingers behind, enthralled with Trigorin's celebrity and modesty, and gushes, "My dream!" Inside the estate, Arkadina and Trigorin have decided to depart. Between acts, Konstantin attempted suicide by shooting himself in
845-430: A large cast of characters, namely the show's hosts Chris McLean and Chef Hatchet, as well as a diversity of competitors commonly known as "Generation One": Beth, DJ, Gwen, Geoff, Lindsay, Heather, Alejandro, Duncan, Tyler, Harold, Trent, Bridgette, Noah, Leshawna, Katie, Sadie, Ezekiel, Cody, Sierra, Eva, Owen, Courtney, Justin, Izzy and Blaineley. Chris and Chef continued to appear as the hosts of every season, while many of
910-450: A large cast of many different imaginary friends, including protagonists Bloo, Cheese, Coco, Wilt and Eduardo, many of which were created by Craig McCracken ; Nickelodeon's Rugrats features a variety of characters, mainly the eight leading protagonists: Tommy, Dil, Chuckie, Phil, Lil, Kimi, Angelica and Susie; Tommy, Chuckie, Phil, Lil and Angelica were featured since the show's inception in 1991, while Dil, Kimi and Susie were introduced in
975-696: A new version directed by Golden Mask winner Yuri Butusov debuted at Konstantin Raikin's Satyricon theater, notable for its return to comedy and " Brechtian -style techniques." In 2017 and in coordination with Butusov, a production was filmed and subtitled in English by the Stage Russia project. The Oregon Shakespeare Festival staged Seagull in the New Theatre from 22 February until 22 June 2012, adapted and directed by Libby Appel . In 2014,
1040-499: A play so obviously brimming over with monstrous defects, I had lost all instinct and that, therefore, my machinery must have gone wrong for good. The eventual success of the play, both in the remainder of its first run and in the subsequent staging by the Moscow Art Theatre under Stanislavski , encouraged Chekhov to remain a playwright and led to the overwhelming success of his next endeavor, Uncle Vanya , and indeed to
1105-727: A production by the Royal Shakespeare Company toured internationally before coming into residence at the West End 's New London Theatre until 12 January 2008. It starred William Gaunt and Ian McKellen as Sorin (who alternated with William Gaunt in the role, as McKellen also played the title role in King Lear ), Richard Goulding as Treplyov, Frances Barber as Arkadina, Jonathan Hyde as Dorn, Monica Dolan as Masha, and Romola Garai as Nina. Garai in particular received rave reviews, The Independent calling her
1170-551: A team of writers, who then send their sketches to the creators for approval. In animated series, characters are created by writers, except for comic book and story book-based shows with currently existing characters. The Muppets that were intended for Sesame Street , and the title-character from Blue's Clues , were respectively created by Joan Ganz Cooney and Jim Henson , and Angela C. Santomero , Todd Kessler and Traci Paige Johnson , for edutainment purposes; Cartoon Network's Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends consists of
1235-450: A tight control of the overall mise en scène . This approach was intended to facilitate the unified expression of the inner action that Stanislavski perceived to be hidden beneath the surface of the play in its subtext . Stanislavski's directorial score was published in 1938. Stanislavski played Trigorin, while Vsevolod Meyerhold , the future director and practitioner (whom Stanislavski on his death-bed declared to be "my sole heir in
1300-560: A translation by George Calderon , featured an all-star Canadian cast: In March 2015, Hurrah Hurrah and the Hot Blooded Theatre Company presented The Seagull in an unused shop-front with the help of The Rocks Pop-up . In 2016, Thomas Ostermeier , director of Berlin's Schaubühne theatre, directed The Seagull at the Théâtre de Vidy [ fr ] , Lausanne. In 2017, a new version by Simon Stephens
1365-607: A translation into Afrikaans under the title Die seemeeu , directed by Christiaan Olwagen and starring Sandra Prinsloo , was staged at the Aardklop arts festival in Potchefstroom . In October 2014, it was announced that the Regent's Park Open Air Theatre would present a new version of The Seagull by Torben Betts in 2015. The play opened on 19 June 2015 and received critical acclaim for its design by Jon Bausor and
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#17327728149621430-521: Is a key characteristic of ensemble casting in film; whether it is a location, event, or an overarching theme that ties the film and characters together. Films that feature ensembles tend to emphasize the interconnectivity of the characters, even when the characters are strangers to one another. The interconnectivity is often shown to the audience through examples of the " six degrees of separation " theory, and allows them to navigate through plot lines using cognitive mapping . Examples of this method, where
1495-556: Is a play by Russian dramatist Anton Chekhov , written in 1895 and first produced in 1896 . The Seagull is generally considered to be the first of his four major plays. It dramatizes the romantic and artistic conflicts between four characters: the famous middlebrow story writer Boris Trigorin, the ingenue Nina, the fading actress Irina Arkadina, and her son the symbolist playwright Konstantin Treplev. Like Chekhov's other full-length plays, The Seagull relies upon an ensemble cast of diverse, fully-developed characters. In contrast to
1560-442: Is still failing, and the people at the estate have telegraphed for Arkadina to come for his final days. Most of the play's characters go to the drawing room to play a game of bingo . Konstantin does not join them, instead working on a manuscript at his desk. After the group leaves to eat dinner, Konstantin hears someone at the back door. He is surprised to find Nina, whom he invites inside. Nina tells Konstantin about her life over
1625-552: The Auckland Theatre Company presented an on-line production during the COVID-19 lockdown, using the device of a Zoom meeting for the stage. It was adapted by Eli Kent and Eleanor Bishop, who also directed it, with rehearsals and performances carried out online. It was well received by critics around the world, with The Scotsman declaring it one of the "best plays to watch online." It has been remarked that
1690-614: The Griboyedov prize that year for The Seagull instead of himself. Nemirovich overcame Chekhov's refusal to allow the play to appear in Moscow and convinced Stanislavski to direct the play for their innovative and newly founded Moscow Art Theatre in 1898. Stanislavski prepared a detailed directorial score, which indicated when the actors should "wipe away dribble, blow their noses, smack their lips, wipe away sweat, or clean their teeth and nails with matchsticks", as well as organising
1755-412: The melodrama of mainstream 19th-century theatre , lurid actions (such as Konstantin's suicide attempts) are not shown onstage. Characters tend to speak in subtext rather than directly. The character Trigorin is considered one of Chekhov's greatest male roles. The opening night of the first production was a famous failure. Vera Komissarzhevskaya , playing Nina, was so intimidated by the hostility of
1820-439: The afternoon, characters are outside the estate. Arkadina, after reminiscing about happier times, engages in a heated argument with the house steward Shamrayev and decides to leave. Nina lingers behind after the group leaves, and Konstantin arrives to give her a gull that he has shot. Nina is confused and horrified at the gift. Konstantin sees Trigorin approaching and leaves in a jealous fit. Nina asks Trigorin to tell her about
1885-495: The age of 18, in a production with Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne in 1938 at the Shubert Theatre . In November 1992, a Broadway staging directed by Marshall W. Mason opened at Lyceum Theatre, New York . The production starred Tyne Daly as Arkadina, Ethan Hawke as Treplyov, Jon Voight as Trigorin, and Laura Linney as Nina. In 1998, a production by Daniela Thomas , assisted by Luiz Päetow , toured Brazil under
1950-412: The audience that seemed to grow and grow. Most people walked through the auditorium and corridors with strange faces, looking as if it were their birthday and, indeed, (dear God I'm not joking) it was perfectly possible to go up to some completely strange woman and say: "What a play? Eh?" Nemirovich-Danchenko described the applause, which came after a prolonged silence, as bursting from the audience like
2015-503: The audience that she lost her voice. Chekhov left the audience and spent the last two acts behind the scenes. When supporters wrote to him that the production later became a success, he assumed that they were merely trying to be kind. When Konstantin Stanislavski , the seminal Russian theatre practitioner of the time, directed it in 1898 for his Moscow Art Theatre , the play was a triumph. Stanislavski's production became "one of
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2080-548: The best actor in Russia who, according to Chekhov, had moved people to tears as Nina in rehearsal. The next day, Chekhov, who had taken refuge backstage for the last two acts, announced to Suvorin that he was finished with writing plays. When supporters assured him that later performances were more successful, Chekhov assumed they were just being kind. The Seagull impressed the playwright and friend of Chekhov Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko , however, who said Chekhov should have won
2145-475: The book The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation , wrote of Chekhov's multiple adaptations: Ensemble cast In a dramatic production, an ensemble cast is one that comprises many principal actors and performers who are typically assigned roughly equal amounts of screen time. The term is also used interchangeably to refer to a production (typically film) with a large cast or
2210-591: The casting of Dianne Wiest in the role of Arkadina, and Alan Cumming as Trigorin. On 16 September 2008, the Walter Kerr Theatre on Broadway began previews of Ian Rickson's production of The Seagull with Kristin Scott Thomas reprising her role as Arkadina. The cast also included Peter Sarsgaard as Trigorin, Mackenzie Crook as Treplyov, Art Malik as Dorn, Carey Mulligan as Nina, Zoe Kazan as Masha, and Ann Dowd as Polina. In 2011,
2275-473: The departure of players is less disruptive than would be the case with a regularly structured cast. The television series The Golden Girls and Friends are archetypal examples of ensemble casts in American sitcoms. The science-fiction mystery drama Lost features an ensemble cast. Ensemble casts of 20 or more actors are common in soap operas , a genre that relies heavily on the character development of
2340-593: The ensemble. The genre also requires continuous expansion of the cast as the series progresses, with soap operas such as General Hospital , Days of Our Lives , The Young and the Restless , and The Bold and the Beautiful staying on air for decades. An example of a success for television in ensemble casting is the Emmy Award -winning HBO series Game of Thrones . The fantasy series features one of
2405-511: The greatest events in the history of Russian theatre and one of the greatest new developments in the history of world drama ". Stanislavski's direction caused The Seagull to be perceived as a tragedy through overzealousness with the concept of subtext, whereas Chekhov intended it to be a comedy. Chekhov purchased the Melikhovo farm in 1892 and ordered a lodge built in the middle of a cherry orchard. The lodge had three rooms, one containing
2470-523: The head, but the bullet only grazed his skull . He spends the majority of Act III with his scalp heavily bandaged. Nina finds Trigorin eating breakfast and presents him with a medallion that proclaims her devotion to him, using a line from one of Trigorin's own books: "If you ever need my life, come and take it." She retreats after begging for one last chance to see Trigorin before he leaves. Arkadina appears, followed by Sorin, whose health has continued to deteriorate. Trigorin leaves to continue packing. After
2535-486: The house. Chekhov was a noted host and entertained Leo Tolstoy , Feodor Chaliapin , Sergei Rachmaninoff , and Maxim Gorky at the Dacha. Leonid Kuchma and Vladimir Putin and their spouses visited the museum in 2003. 44°29′28″N 34°08′30″E / 44.49111°N 34.14167°E / 44.49111; 34.14167 The Seagull The Seagull (Russian: Ча́йка , romanized : Cháyka )
2600-481: The intersection of all of them, the Russian one will be forever elusive." In fact, the problems start with the title of the play: there's no sea anywhere near the play's settings, so the bird in question was in all likelihood a lake-dwelling gull such as the common gull ( larus canus ), rather than a nautical variant. In Russian both kinds of birds are named chayka , simply meaning "gull", as in English. However,
2665-609: The jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture of the Crimean Autonomous Republic and their budget is extremely small. The Ukrainian state authorities would like the Russian government to pay for upkeep since Chekhov was Russian, but the Russians do not agree. The house has now become dilapidated. On May 11, 2010, Ukrainian President , Viktor Yanukovych , ordered that repairs and restoration work be carried out on
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2730-432: The largest ensemble casts on the small screen. The series is notorious for major character deaths, resulting in constant changes within the ensemble. Ensemble casts are common in children's television. Children's shows make heavy use of non-human characters: the casting process is only involved when there is an occasion of humans interacting with non-human characters. Non-human characters are usually created from scratch by
2795-633: The last two years. Konstantin says that he followed Nina. She starts to compare herself to the gull that Konstantin killed in Act II, then rejects that and says "I am an actress." She tells him that she was forced to tour with a second-rate theatre company after the death of the child she had with Trigorin, but she seems to have a newfound confidence. Konstantin pleads with her to stay, but she is in such disarray that his pleading means nothing. She embraces Konstantin and leaves. Despondent, Konstantin spends two minutes silently tearing up his manuscripts before leaving
2860-405: The new adaptation by Betts. In January 2015, Toronto's Crow's Theatre produced The Seagull in association with Canadian Stage and The Company Theatre . Helmed by Crow's Theatre's artistic director Chris Abraham , the creative team was composed of set and costume designer Julie Fox, lighting designer Kimberly Purtell and sound designer Thomas Ryder Payne. The Robert Falls adaptation, based on
2925-517: The performance, I had supper at Romanov's. On my word of honor. Then I went to bed, slept soundly, and the next day, went home without uttering a sound of complaint. If I had been in a funk I should have run from editor to editor and actor to actor, should have nervously entreated them to be considerate, should nervously have inserted useless corrections, and should have spent two or three weeks in Petersburg fussing over my Seagull, in excitement, in
2990-408: The play be published with Stanislavski's score of the production's mise en scène . Chekhov's collaboration with Stanislavski proved crucial to the creative development of both men. Stanislavski's attention to psychological realism and ensemble playing coaxed the buried subtleties from the play and revived Chekhov's interest in writing for the stage. Chekhov's unwillingness to explain or expand on
3055-575: The play was "a spectacle of waste" (such as at the beginning of the play when Medvedenko asks Masha why she always wears black, she answers "Because I'm in mourning for my life."). The play also has an intertextual relationship with Shakespeare 's Hamlet . Arkadina and Treplyov quote lines from it before the play-within-a-play in the first act (and this device is itself used in Hamlet ). There are many allusions to Shakespearean plot details as well. For instance, Treplyov seeks to win his mother back from
3120-460: The play's various romantic triangles . The schoolteacher Semyon Medvedenko loves Masha, the daughter of the estate's steward Ilya Shamrayev and his wife Polina Andryevna. However, Masha is in love with Konstantin, who is in love with Nina, but Nina falls for Trigorin. Polina is in an affair with Yevgeny. When Masha tells Yevgeny about her longing for Konstantin, Yevgeny helplessly blames the lake for making everybody feel romantic. A few days later, in
3185-408: The rest of his dramatic work. The English title for the play The Seagull is a potentially misleading translation of the title from its original Russian. Although the words "gull" and "seagull" are often used interchangeably in English, the text of the play makes no mention of the sea and is set on an estate somewhere in the inland regions of central Russia or Ukraine . The titular gull in question
3250-509: The room, Nina comes to say her final goodbye to Trigorin and to inform him that she is running away to become an actress against her parents' wishes. They kiss passionately and make plans to meet again in Moscow. It is winter two years later, in the drawing room that has been converted to Konstantin's study. Masha finally accepts Medvedenko's marriage proposal, and they have a child together, though Masha still nurses an unrequited love for Konstantin. Various characters discuss what has happened in
3315-987: The script forced Stanislavski to dig beneath the surface of the text in ways that were new in theatre. The Moscow Art Theatre to this day bears the seagull as its emblem to commemorate the historic production that gave it its identity. The Joseph Papp Public Theater presented Chekhov's play as part of the New York Shakespeare Festival summer season in Central Park from July 25, 2001 to August 26, 2001. The production, directed by Mike Nichols , starred Meryl Streep as Arkadina, Christopher Walken as Sorin, Philip Seymour Hoffman as Treplyov, John Goodman as Shamrayev, Marcia Gay Harden as Masha, Kevin Kline as Trigorin, Debra Monk as Polina, Stephen Spinella as Medvedenko, and Natalie Portman as Nina. Uta Hagen made her Broadway debut as Nina, at
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#17327728149623380-450: The second season of the series and the first two installments of the show's film trilogy , respectively; two fellow Nickelodeon shows, SpongeBob SquarePants and The Fairly OddParents , consist of large casts of marine life and magical creatures, respectively, including respective leading protagonists, SpongeBob, Patrick and Squidward, and Cosmo, Wanda and Poof; the first three seasons of Canadian cartoon series Total Drama consist of
3445-432: The six degrees of separation is evident in films with an ensemble cast, are in productions such as Love Actually , Crash , and Babel , which all have strong underlying themes interwoven within the plots that unify each film. The Avengers , X-Men , and Justice League are three examples of ensemble casts in the superhero genre. Those three films all focus on teams of five or more protagonists, instead of
3510-722: The standard one or two central protagonists. Referential acting is a key factor in executing this balance, as ensemble cast members "play off each other rather than off reality". Hollywood movies with ensemble casts tend to use numerous actors of high renown and/or prestige, instead of one or two "big stars" and a lesser-known supporting cast. Filmmakers known for their use of ensemble casts include Quentin Tarantino , Wes Anderson , and Paul Thomas Anderson among others. Ensemble casting also became more popular in television series because it allows flexibility for writers to focus on different characters in different episodes. In addition,
3575-587: The study. The group reenters and returns to the bingo game. There is a sudden gunshot from off-stage, and Dorn goes to investigate. He returns and takes Trigorin aside. Dorn tells Trigorin to somehow get Arkadina away, for Konstantin has just shot himself. The first night of The Seagull on 17 October 1896 at the Alexandrinsky Theatre in Petersburg was a disaster, booed by the audience. The hostile audience intimidated Vera Komissarzhevskaya so severely that she lost her voice. Some considered her
3640-411: The theatre"), played Konstantin, and Olga Knipper (Chekhov's future wife) played Arkadina. The production opened on 17 December 1898 with a sense of crisis in the air in the theatre; most of the actors were mildly self-tranquilised with Valerian drops . In a letter to Chekhov, one audience member described how: In the first act something special started, if you can so describe a mood of excitement in
3705-695: The title Da Gaivota , with Fernanda Montenegro as Arkadina, Matheus Nachtergaele as Treplyov, and Fernanda Torres as Nina. In early 2007, the Royal Court Theatre staged a production of The Seagull starring Kristin Scott Thomas as Arkadina, Mackenzie Crook as Treplyov and Carey Mulligan as Nina. It also featured Chiwetel Ejiofor and Art Malik . The production was directed by Ian Rickson , and received positive reviews, including The Metro Newspaper calling it "practically perfect". It ran from January 18 to March 17, and Scott Thomas won an Olivier Award for her performance. In 2007/2008,
3770-636: The title persists as it is much more euphonious in English than the much shorter and blunter "The Gull", which comes across as too forceful and direct to represent the encompassing vague and partially hidden feelings beneath the surface. Therefore, the faint reference to the sea has been seen as a more fitting representation of the intent of the play. Some early translations of The Seagull have come under criticism from modern Russian scholars. Marian Fell's translation , in particular, has been criticized for its elementary mistakes and total ignorance of Russian life and culture. Peter France, translator and author of
3835-426: The two years that have passed: Nina and Trigorin lived together in Moscow for a time until he abandoned her and went back to Arkadina. Nina gave birth to Trigorin's baby, but it died in a short time. Nina never achieved any real success as an actress, and she is currently on a tour of the provinces with a small theatre group. Konstantin has had some short stories published, but he is increasingly depressed. Sorin's health
3900-652: The usurping older man Trigorin much as Hamlet tries to win Queen Gertrude back from his uncle Claudius . The Seagull was first translated into English for a performance at the Royalty Theatre, Glasgow, in November 1909. Since that time, there have been numerous translations of the text—between 1998 and 2004 alone there were 25 published versions. In the introduction to his own version, Tom Stoppard wrote: "You can't have too many English Seagulls: at
3965-434: The writer's life; he replies that it is not an easy one. Nina says that she knows the life of an actress is not easy either, but she wants more than anything to be one. Trigorin sees the gull that Konstantin has shot and muses on how he could use it as a subject for a short story: The plot for the short story: a young girl lives all her life on the shore of a lake. She loves the lake, like a gull, and she's happy and free, like
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#17327728149624030-515: Was designed by L.N. Shapovalov. Aleksandr Kuprin described the house as follows, It was, perhaps, the most original building in Yalta. It is all white, pure, easy, beautifully asymmetrical, ... with a tower, and unexpected ledges, with a glass veranda below and an open terrace above, with scattered broad and narrow windows... ". V.N. Ladygensky mentioned that "a dacha in Crimea, in Аutka, near Yalta,
4095-411: Was likely meant by Chekhov to be a black-headed gull or common gull . A more exact translation of the title would thus be The Gull , as the word "seagull" could erroneously evoke maritime connotations when no such imagery was intended by the playwright. Pyotr Sorin is a retired senior civil servant in failing health at his country estate. His sister, actress Irina Arkadina, arrives at the estate for
4160-744: Was staged at the Lyric Hammersmith in London, starring Lesley Sharp as Irina. In 2020, Anya Reiss 's adaptation of The Seagull began previews on 11 March in the Playhouse Theatre , starring Emilia Clarke as Nina and Indira Varma as Irina. The production was suspended on 16 March due to the COVID-19 pandemic but subsequently reopened at the Harold Pinter Theatre in July 2022 and ran until September. Also in 2020,
4225-678: Was validly constructed, excellent". From the study one can see the seafront that inspired " The Lady with the Dog ", and at the back the scene that inspired the setting of The Cherry Orchard is visible. He also wrote the Three Sisters and The Bishop on the site. After Chekhov's death his sister Maria looked after the house until 1921 when it became a museum. During the Nazi occupation, Maria Pavlovna refused to leave and put up pictures of German dramatist Gerhart Hauptmann . Maria refused to let
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