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74-624: Witherby Publishing Group , formerly known as Witherby Seamanship, is a technical publisher of maritime, nautical and navigation training, reference and regulatory materials. The company is the resulting merger of Witherby Books and Seamanship International in January 2008. Beginning with its origins in 1740 it lays claim to being the oldest independent publisher in the English-speaking world. Witherbys publish guidance titles with numerous shipping bodies and maritime NGOs. These include

148-470: A Passage Planning Guide for the Great Barrier Reef and Torres Strait . Together with BIMCO, the company publishes an annual guidance title on contractual risks entitled Check Before Fixing . In 2021, the company issued Witherby Connect , an eBook reader software for the marine industry. Also in 2021, the company launched an LNG carrier mooring tool called SHIPMOOR in partnership with

222-784: A display standard set out in IHO Publication S-52 to ensure consistency of data rendering between different systems. IMO adopted compulsory carriage of ECDIS and ENCs on new high speed craft from 1 July 2010 and progressively for other craft from 2012 to 2018. The term "ENC" typically refers to "Electronic Navigational Chart," which is a standardized format used for digital navigation charts. While there are variations and different specifications within ENC charts, they generally serve similar purposes across different regions and organizations. Here are seven types or categories of ENC charts commonly recognized: Standard ENC (SENC): These are

296-566: A lesser degree - informational significance, are portrayed through Raster facsimiles of traditional paper charts ; or more commonly through vector images, which are able to scale their relative position and size to meet a Mariner's Selected Viewing Scale (MSVS) displayed through an ECDIS . The first ENC was patented in 1986 by Mortimer Rogoff , Peter Winkler , and John N. Ackley with Navigation Sciences, Inc in Bethesda, Maryland (Patent number: 4590569). All Navigational charts must meet

370-540: A modern, large-scale industry disseminating all types of information. " Publisher " can refer to a publishing company, organization, or an individual who leads a publishing company, imprint , periodical , or newspaper. The publishing process covering most magazine , journal , and book publishers includes: (Different stages are applicable to different types of publishers) Newspapers or news websites are publications of current reports, articles , and features written by journalists . They are free, sometimes with

444-677: A particular field and often push the boundaries established in these fields. They usually have peer review processes before publishing to test the validity and quality of the content. A magazine is a periodical published at regular intervals. It features creative layouts, photography, and illustrations that cover a particular subject or interest. Magazines are available in print or digital formats and can be purchased on apps or websites like Readly or accessed free of charge on apps or websites like Issuu . The global book publishing industry consists of books categorized as fiction or non-fiction and print , e-book , or audiobook . The book market

518-469: A position is fixed and the charted depths can be used in under keel clearance calculations to ensure the ship is navigating in safe water. Inland Electronic Chart Display and Information System are similar systems used for navigation of inland water. An Electronic Navigational Chart (ENC) is a digital representation of a real-world geographical area for the purpose of Marine navigation . Real-world objects and areas of navigational significance, or to

592-400: A premium edition, or paid for, either individually or through a subscription . They are filled with photographs or other media and usually are subsidized with advertising . Typically, they cover local , national, and international news or feature a particular industry. Some organizations charge premium fees if they have the expertise and exclusive knowledge. The news industry is meant to serve

666-403: A registered ISBN to identify it. Directories contain searchable indexed data about businesses, products, and services. They were printed in the past but are now mostly online. Directories are available as searchable lists, on a map, as a sector-specific portal , as a review site (expert or consumer), or as a comparison site . Although some businesses may not consider themselves publishers,

740-435: A shop with a small margin (or none at all) compared to a website is very cost-effective because it acts as a huge billboard that offers a browsing experience that enables consumers to make purchasing decisions. It gives them a feel for the brand, has a presence in the community, and creates jobs. Also, using social media publishing to advertise has a good ROI if trending, high-quality content is created that reflects positively on

814-758: A single franchise, e.g., Ballantine Del Rey LucasBooks has the exclusive rights to Star Wars in the United States; Random House UK (Bertelsmann)/Century LucasBooks holds the same rights in the United Kingdom. The video game industry self-publishes through BL Publishing/ Black Library ( Warhammer ) and Wizards of the Coast ( Dragonlance , Forgotten Realms , etc.). The BBC has its own publishing division that does very well with long-running series such as Doctor Who . These multimedia works are cross-marketed aggressively, and sales frequently outperform

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888-623: A subsidized income for publishers. If the advertising has a return on investment (ROI), the publisher can boost income exponentially by increasing the spending. An ROI of up to £10 per £1 invested is possible, as seen in the John Lewis & Partners Christmas campaigns . Likewise, any cost savings that harm the customer/consumer experience can impact a brand in the long term. Multichannel marketing can be more cost-effective in creating an immersive experience that cannot be replicated with one channel. For example, when considering marketing spend,

962-459: A website, from which anyone can download and read it. An increasing number of authors are using niche marketing online to sell more books by engaging with their readers online. Refer to the ISO divisions of ICS 01.140.40 and 35.240.30 for further information. Publication is the distribution of copies or content to the public . The Berne Convention requires that this can only be done with

1036-404: Is a modern term for publishing a book but printing so few copies or with such lack of marketing, advertising, or sales support that it effectively does not reach the public. The book, while nominally published, is almost impossible to obtain through normal channels such as bookshops, often cannot be ordered specially, and has a notable lack of support from its publisher, including refusal to reprint

1110-421: Is also undertaken by governments, civil society, and private companies for administrative or compliance requirements, business, research, advocacy, or public interest objectives. This can include annual reports , research reports , market research , policy briefings, and technical reports . Self-publishing has become very common. Publishing has evolved from a small, ancient form limited by law or religion to

1184-448: Is an academic publisher run by a university. Oxford University Press is the largest in the world and specializes in research, education, and English language teaching internationally. A catalog is a visual directory or list of a large range of products that allow you to browse and buy from a particular company. In print, this is usually in the format of a softback book or directory. Smaller visual catalogs can be known as brochures. With

1258-596: Is an approved marine navigational chart and information system, which is accepted as complying with the conventional paper charts required by Regulation V/19 of the 1974 IMO SOLAS Convention. as amended. The performance requirements for ECDIS are defined by IMO and the consequent test standards have been developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in International Standard IEC 61174. In

1332-421: Is huge, with around 1.5 billion people speaking English. Translation services are also available to make these texts accessible in other languages. Self-publishing makes publishing widely accessible through small print-run digital printing or online self-publishing platforms. E-reader screen technology continues to improve with increased contrast and resolution making them more comfortable to read. Each book has

1406-667: Is used as a reference guide on most oil tankers and in most terminals. A sixth edition of ISGOTT was published in June 2020. With OCIMF, Witherbys also publish the Mooring Equipment Guidelines , the 4th edition was published in 2018. In partnership with the International Chamber of Shipping, Witherbys publishes Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse On Board Ship: Guidelines for Owners and Masters on Preparation, Prevention, Protection and Response . In 2021,

1480-491: The Harry Potter and James Bond franchises. The publishing landscape is continually evolving. Currently there are four major types of publishers in book publishing: These companies traditionally produce hardcopy books in large print runs. They have established networks which distribute those books to bricks-and-mortar stores and libraries. When a mainstream publisher accepts a book for publication, they require

1554-590: The Birlinn , an historical West Highlands galley. In December 2020, David Balston, a former Royal Navy Vanguard-class submarine Commander, Prime Ministerial advisor and head of Policy at the UK Chamber of Shipping joined Witherbys as Deputy Chairman and non-executive director. In March 2023, David Balston was appointed Chairman of Witherbys. The company has registered offices in Edinburgh , Scotland, with

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1628-1217: The International Chamber of Shipping , the UK Chamber of Shipping , BIMCO , OCIMF , SIGTTO , North P&I, the UK P&;I Club , the International Association of Classification Societies , the Merchant Navy Training Board and the Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology (IMarEST), as well as acting as an official electronic distributor for the International Maritime Organization . Witherbys are an official distributor of INTERTANKO publications. The company holds working groups, which include specialist consultants from relevant sectors, as well as in-house technical advisors, authors and editors, to produce their publications. The company's tradition of publishing and bookselling

1702-544: The International Maritime Organization (IMO) have begun a transition to a new suite of standards that is targeted to exist as a unified, interactive suite of products and standards within the S-100 Universal Hydrographic Data Model. Within this model an updated standard for the production and publishing of ENCs is under development; The S-101 product specification. At present Hydrographic Authorities must only produce and publish data to

1776-772: The International Safety Management Code , in November 2019, together with BIMCO and the International Chamber of Shipping Witherbys published the Cyber Security Workbook for Onboard Ship Use . A second edition was published in October 2020. On behalf of OCIMF and the International Chamber of Shipping, the company publishes the International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) , which

1850-589: The development of books . The Chinese inventor Bi Sheng made a movable type of earthenware c.  1045 , but there are no known surviving examples of his work. The Korean civil servant Ch'oe Yun-ŭi , who lived during the Goryeo Dynasty, invented the first metal moveable type in 1234–1250 AD. In what is commonly regarded as an independent invention, Johannes Gutenberg developed movable type in Europe around 1450, along with innovations in casting

1924-495: The Department of Justice, filing a permanent injunction on the merger. Although newspaper and magazine companies still often own printing presses and binderies, book publishers rarely do. Similarly, the trade usually sells the finished products through a distributor who stores and distributes the publisher's wares for a percentage fee or sells on a sale or return basis. Some major publishers have entire divisions devoted to

1998-497: The International Chamber of Shipping, the company released an updated version of the industry publication Drug Trafficking and Drug Abuse On Board Ship . In January 2024, the company published an updated edition of The Pilot Ladder Manual which details regulations and procedures on maritime pilot pilot ladder embarkation and disembarkation. In 2024, the company released ECDIS Passage Planning and Watchkeeping , an updated title for maritime professionals using ECDIS . Awards for

2072-468: The Internet, they have evolved into searchable databases of products known under the term e-commerce . Interactive catalogs and brochures like IKEA and Avon allow customers to browse a full range if they have not decided on their purchase. Responsive web and app design will allow further integration between interactive catalog visuals and searchable product databases. Until recently, physical books were

2146-583: The S-57 product specification, from here that published data can be certified as an ENC. Only ENCs can be used within ECDIS to meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) performance standard for ECDIS. ENCs are available for wholesale distribution to chart agents and resellers from Regional Electronic Navigational Chart Centres (RENCs). The RENCs are not-for-profit organizations made up of ENC-producer countries. RENCs independently check each ENC submitted by

2220-673: The Stirling University Centre for International Publishing and Communication. The company manages a charitable trust which provides funds for sport , arts and education in Scotland. In 2010, the trust paid for sports equipment for children in Malawi . In 2019, the trust lead fundraising efforts to provide a gift of a new Steinway piano to St Mary's Music School in the West End of Edinburgh. For Christmas 2020,

2294-612: The World Wide Web in 1989 soon propelled the website into a dominant publishing medium. Wikis and blogs soon developed, followed by online books , online newspapers , and online magazines . This also facilitated the technological convergence of commercial and self-published content and the convergence of publishing and production into online production through the development of multimedia content. A U.S.-based study in 2016 that surveyed 34 publishers found that straight, able-bodied, white females overwhelmingly represent

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2368-496: The Writers' Guild of Great Britain (WGGB) have called for reform of the paid-for publishing sector. These unions, representing 14,800 authors, jointly published a report to expose widespread bad practices among companies that charge writers to publish their work while taking away their rights. When an author self-publishes a book, they retain all rights and assume responsibility for all stages of preparing, publishing and distributing

2442-576: The auspices of Harry Forbes Witherby , a descendant of Thomas Witherby. The collections of the early Witherby company are available at the London Metropolitan Archives. In 1998, the company Seamanship International was begun by Iain Macneil providing training materials for the maritime industry from Scotland and in 2008 the company bought out and merged with Witherbys, moving the business to Scotland (the physical printing arm of

2516-632: The author must cover all the costs of publication, surrender some rights to the publisher, and pay royalties on sales. Vanity presses often engage in deceptive practices or offer costly, poor-quality services with limited recourse available to the writer. In the US, these practices have been cited by the Better Business Bureau as unfavorable reports by consumers. Given the bad reputation of vanity publishing, many vanity presses brand themselves as hybrid publishers. The Society of Authors (SoA) and

2590-633: The author to sign a contract surrendering some rights to the publisher. In exchange, the publisher will take care of all aspects of publishing the book at the publisher's cost. They rely entirely on sales of the book to recoup those costs and make a profit. The author receives a royalty on each sale (and sometimes an advance on royalties when the book is accepted ). Because of the financial risk , mainstream publishers are extremely selective in what they will publish, and reject most manuscripts submitted to them. In 2013, Penguin (owned by Pearson ) and Random House (owned by Bertelsmann ) merged, narrowing

2664-510: The average stand-alone published work, making them a focus of corporate interest. The advent of the Internet has provided an alternative mode of book distribution and most mainstream publishers also offer their books in ebook format. Preparing a book for e-book publication is the same as print publication, with only minor variations in the process to account for the different publishing mediums; E-book publication also eliminates some costs like

2738-614: The book. The author may hire professionals on a fee-for-service basis as needed, (e.g. an editor, cover designer, proofreader) or engage a company to provide an integrated package. Accessible publishing uses the digitization of books to mark them up into XML and produce multiple formats to sell to customers, often targeting those who experience difficulty reading. Formats include a variety of larger print sizes, specialized print formats for dyslexia , eye tracking problems, and macular degeneration , as well as Braille , DAISY , audiobooks , and e-books . Green publishing means adapting

2812-566: The brand. Film, television, radio, and advertisements publish information to their audiences. Computer games, streaming apps, and social media publish content in various ways that can keep audiences more engaged. Marketing additional products closely related to a major film, such as Star Wars , is an example of tie-in publishing. These products include but are not limited to spin-off books, graphic novels, soundtrack albums, computer games, models and toys, social media posts, and promotional publications. Examples of tie-in publishing based on books are

2886-630: The company was located at Birchin Lane, adjacent to Lombard Street in London before later moving to several premises, including a building in Clerkenwell and later in Aylesbury Street, Islington . Throughout this period, the operating name of the changed from Witherby and Son to Witherby and Company , including a subsidiary HF and G Witherby that specialised in ornithology books under

2960-565: The company was sold off under the name WKG Print). Since relocating to Scotland, the company has expanded to become one of the largest maritime publishers in the world, publishing over 400 titles to over 110 countries in the world. It is estimated that there are more than a million Witherby ebooks in use on over 40,000 ships. In 2017, the company was awarded a new coat of arms by the Court of the Lord Lyon which includes Scottish Blackface rams and

3034-547: The consent of the copyright holder, which initially is always the author. In the Universal Copyright Convention , "publication" is defined in Article VI as "the reproduction in tangible form and the general distribution to the public of copies of a work from which it can be read or otherwise visually perceived." Privishing ( priv ate publ ishing , but not to be confused with self-publishing )

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3108-577: The contributing countries to ensure that they conform to the relevant IHO standards. The RENCs also act collectively as one-stop wholesalers of most of the world's ENCs. IHO Publication S-63 developed by the IHO Data Protection Scheme Working Group is used to encrypt and digitally sign ENC data. Chart data is captured based on standards stated in IHO Publication S-57, and is displayed according to

3182-501: The designated route, such as traffic separation schemes or recommended tracks. Overlay ENC (OVL-ENC): Overlay ENC charts are used to provide additional layers of information over a base ENC. They may include thematic overlays such as environmental data, fishing zones, or military exercise areas, allowing mariners to overlay different types of information on a single chart display. These categories help classify different types of ENC charts based on their intended use, geographic coverage, and

3256-422: The discount given to retailers (usually around 45 percent). Small publishers, also called independent or indie publishers, operate on a traditional model (i.e. the author surrenders some rights in exchange for the publisher bearing all costs of publishing), but their precise terms can vary greatly. Often, they do not pay an advance on royalties. A hybrid publisher shares the costs of publication (and therefore

3330-458: The industry have been raised as to the system's security especially with regards to cyber attacks and GPS spoofing attacks . ECDIS provides continuous position and navigational safety information. The system generates audible and/or visual alarms when the vessel is in proximity to navigational hazards. Military versions of ECDIS are known as WECDIS (warship ECDIS) or ECDIS-N (ECDIS-naval). ECDIS (as defined by IHO Publications S-57 and S-52)

3404-517: The latest survey data and navigational information. Base ENC (B-ENC): Base ENC charts are fundamental ENC datasets that contain essential navigation information. They serve as a foundation upon which additional layers or specific chart editions can be built. Regional ENC (R-ENC): Regional ENC charts cover specific geographic regions and are tailored to the needs of vessels operating within those areas. They may include localized navigation aids, safety information, and specific hydrographic data relevant to

3478-697: The lead vessel of the Swedish Sea Rescue Society ). The ship undertook conversion work in 2021 and is provides research opportunities for Witherbys, including the undertaking of an expedition to complete a 22,000 nautical mile circumnavigation in 2021/2022 via the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn . The voyage began in December 2021 departing from Lanzarote . The ship then sailed to the Pacific Ocean via Cape Horn . By mid-February 2022,

3552-530: The main offices and warehouse being located at Navigation House in Livingston , Scotland. Witherbys publishes on a range of maritime technical and operational subjects including navigation , Ballast Water Management , ECDIS , Oil tanker operations, LNG tanker operations, seamanship , ship stability and passage planning . Together with the UK P&I Club , Witherbys publishes the marine reference book Carefully to Carry , which contains guidance on

3626-576: The mainstream publishing industry to a handful of big publishers as it adapted to digital media. The merger created the largest consumer book publisher globally, with a global market share of more than 25 percent. As of 2022 , approximately 80% percent of the United States trade market for books was controlled by the " Big Five " publishing houses: Penguin Random House , Hachette , HarperCollins , Simon & Schuster , and Macmillan . In November 2020, ViacomCBS agreed to sell Simon & Schuster,

3700-573: The primary source of recording knowledge. For accessibility and global reach, this content can be repurposed for the web. The British Library , for example, holds more than 170 million items with 3 million new additions each year. With consent, content can be published online through e-books, audio books, CMS -based websites, online learning platforms, videos, or mobile apps. On the Internet, writers and copy editors are known as content writers and content editors, although their roles vary from their print-based counterparts. Advertising can provide income or

3774-790: The public for sale or free of charge. Traditionally, the term refers to the creation and distribution of printed works , such as books , comic books , newspapers , and magazines . With the advent of digital information systems, the scope has expanded to include digital publishing such as e-books , digital magazines , websites , social media , music , and video game publishing . The commercial publishing industry ranges from large multinational conglomerates such as News Corp , Pearson , Penguin Random House , and Thomson Reuters to major retail brands and thousands of small independent publishers. It has various divisions such as trade/retail publishing of fiction and non-fiction, educational publishing, and academic and scientific publishing . Publishing

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3848-489: The public interest, hold people and businesses to account, and promote freedom of information and expression. Editors manage the tone of voice of their publication; for example, negative versus positive articles can affect the reader's perspective. A journal is an academic or technical publication also available in digital and(or) print format, containing articles written by researchers, professors, and individuals with professional expertise. These publications are specific to

3922-690: The publisher have included the Queens Award for Enterprise, a Lloyds List Training Award and a Green Award. In March 2017, the company won the Sea Transport Award for 'best marine training material publishing company'. In 2020, the company funded two publishing scholarships with Edinburgh Napier University and the University of Stirling . In 2021, the company offered a scholarship for an MLitt in Publishing Studies at

3996-457: The publishing industry in the US. Salon described the situation as a "lack of diversity behind the scenes in book world." A survey in 2020 by the same group found there has been no significant statistical change in the lack of diversity since the 2016 survey. Lack of diversity in the American publishing industry has been an issue for years. Within the industry, the least amount of diversity

4070-410: The publishing process to minimize environmental impact. One example is the concept of on-demand printing, using digital or print-on-demand technology. This cuts down the need to ship books since they are manufactured close to the customer on a just-in-time basis. A further development is the growth of online publishing, where no physical books are produced. The author creates an e-book and uploads it to

4144-463: The region. Port ENC (P-ENC): Port ENC charts focus specifically on harbor and port areas. They provide detailed information on berthing facilities, channels, depths, and other navigational aids within ports to aid safe navigation and maneuvering. Route ENC (RTE-ENC): Route ENC charts are used for planning and navigating specific routes, such as ferry routes, shipping lanes, or other designated passages. They may include additional information relevant to

4218-452: The regulations as Electronic Chart Systems (ECSs). An ECDIS system displays the information from Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and integrates position information from position, heading and speed through water reference systems and optionally other navigational sensors. Other sensors which could interface with an ECDIS are radar , Navtex , Automatic Identification Systems (AIS), and depth sounders . In recent years concerns from

4292-648: The requirements set out in the SOLAS (Safety of Lives at Sea) Convention . To meet these requirements, ENC's created and published by a Hydrographic Authority must conform to the internationally recognised standards stated in the publications set out by the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Presently the S-57 Standard is the only ENC standard which meets SOLAS chart carriage requirements. The IHO and its parent body

4366-593: The research company HR Wallingford . In June 2022, with BIMCO and the Danish Pilotage Organisation DanPilot , the company published a Passage Planning Guide on the Baltic Sea covering the region from Skagen to Bornholm . In August 2022, in partnership with ICS and BIMCO, Witherbys published a guidance title for the shipping industry on biofouling entitled Biofouling, Biosecurity and Hull Cleaning . In 2023, together with

4440-442: The risks) with the author. Because of this financial risk, they are selective in what they publish. The contract varies according to what is negotiated between author and company, but will always include the surrender of some rights to the publisher. Hybrid publishing is the source of debate in the publishing industry, due to the tendency of vanity presses to masquerade as hybrids. A vanity press will publish any book. In return,

4514-520: The safe carriage, loading and storage of cargo on cargo ships . In September 2021, with the UK P&I Club and CAE , Witherby published a safety publication entitled Maritime Team Dynamics , a safety book comparing aviation and maritime incidents. In February 2019, in conjunction with BIMCO and International Shipcare, Witherbys released the Ship Lay-up Guide . In response to IMO efforts to require cyber security to be addressed under

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4588-483: The scribes of Europe had produced since Constantine founded his city in A.D. 330." The history of modern newspaper publishing started in Germany in 1609, with the publication of magazines following in 1663. Missionaries brought printing presses to sub-Saharan Africa in the mid-18th century. Historically, publishing has been handled by publishers , although some authors self-published. The establishment of

4662-458: The ship had reached its halfway point of a 25,000 mile circumnavigation. On 16 May 2022, the ship completed its circumnavigation becoming the first sub-24m motor-powered vessel to circumnavigate the globe via the southern capes, setting a new world record for this class and voyage. The ship was listed for sale in 2023. Publisher Publishing is the activity of making information, literature, music, software, and other content available to

4736-487: The sixth edition of the publication was released, offering guidance on how to protect the ship and crew via a range of security measures, while reducing the risk of drug trafficking occurring on board. Witherbys also publish the ICS guidance on Maritime security with a publication entitled Maritime Security - A comprehensive Guide for Shipowners, Seafarers and Administrations . With Maritime Industry Australia, Witherbys publish

4810-450: The specific information they provide to support safe navigation. An Electronic Chart Display and Information System ( ECDIS ) is a geographic information system used for nautical navigation that complies with International Maritime Organization (IMO) and IHO regulations as a method of electronic navigation. It is considered as an alternative to paper nautical charts for navigation by ships. IMO refers to similar systems not meeting

4884-544: The standard Electronic Navigational Charts that conform to the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-57 and S-101 standards. SENCs are used for navigation on vessels equipped with Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). Official ENC (O-ENC): Official ENC charts are those that are officially produced and maintained by national hydrographic offices or other authorized agencies. They are updated regularly to reflect

4958-497: The third largest book publisher in the United States, to Penguin Random House in a deal that, if it had gone through, would have formed the largest publishing company in the world. On November 2, 2021, the United States Department of Justice filed a lawsuit (U.S. v. Bertelsmann SE & CO. KGaA, et al.) to block the merger on antitrust grounds, and on October 31, 2022, the D.C. District Court ruled in favor of

5032-540: The title. A book that is privished may be referred to as "killed." Depending on the motivation, privishing may constitute a breach of contract , censorship , or good business practice (e.g., not printing more books than the publisher believes will sell in a reasonable length of time). Publishing became possible with the invention of writing and became more practical upon the introduction of printing . Before printing, distributed works were copied manually by scribes . Due to printing, publishing progressed hand-in-hand with

5106-587: The trust donated £105,000 to provide scholarships and bursaries for students from rural backgrounds to attend the University of the Highlands and Islands . In August 2023, the trust sponsored a summer music festival to support emerging artists at the Eden Court Theatre in Inverness. In 2020, Witherbys purchased MV Astra , a 24 metre Finnish-Swedish ice class rescue ship (formerly operated as

5180-563: The trust funded the Witherby Arts Festival to support emerging musicians in Scotland. In June 2021, the trust supported the summer camp of the Royal Scottish National Orchestra (RSNO). In September 2021, the trust donated £4,000 to the community Cairngorm Biathlon & Nordic Ski Club. In December 2021, the trust celebrated reaching £1,000,000 of charitable giving since 2011. In March 2023,

5254-469: The type based on a matrix and hand mould . The invention of the printing press gradually made books less expensive to produce and more widely available. Early printed books, single sheets, and images created before 1501 in Europe are known as incunables or incunabula . "A man born in 1453, the year of the fall of Constantinople , could look back from his fiftieth year on a lifetime in which about eight million books had been printed, more perhaps than all

5328-453: The way the data is displayed is published. A textbook is an educational book, or e-book, that contains information on a particular subject and is used by people studying that subject. The need for textbook publishing continues due to the global need for education. Textbooks from major publishers are being integrated with online learning platforms for expert knowledge and access to a library of books with digital content. A university press

5402-504: Was in higher-level editorial positions. Publishing on specific contexts Publishing tools Electronic Chart Display and Information System An electronic navigational chart ( ENC ) is an official database created by a national hydrographic office for use with an Electronic Chart Display and Information System ( ECDIS ). ECDIS and ENCs are the primary means of electronic navigation on cargo ships . Charts can be used in navigation to provide an indication of location once

5476-476: Was initially started by the stationer Thomas Witherby at the company's founding in 1740 in the City of London . The early company developed as a stationers and as a copier and producer of legal documents, including articles of agreements, bonds and pro-forma contracts for marine insurance and carriage of goods by sea , operating in proximity to the maritime trade of the adjacent Coffeehouses . From 1749 until 1873,

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