Misplaced Pages

#765234

31-558: A wicker man is a type of effigy. The Wicker Man or Wickerman may refer to: Wicker man A wicker man was purportedly a large wicker statue in which the druids (priests of Celtic paganism ) sacrificed humans and animals by burning. The primary evidence for this practice is a sentence by Roman general Julius Caesar in his Commentary on the Gallic War (1st century BC), which modern scholarship has linked to an earlier Greek writer, Posidonius . There

62-633: A U.S. university established by the Sisters of Mercy in 1934, was named in honor of the Salve Regina hymn and motto. The hymn is sung (using the English translation "Hail, Holy Queen enthroned above") by a choir of nuns in the 1992 comedy film Sister Act , starring Whoopi Goldberg . In the film, the hymn is initially sung in the traditional style, before shifting into an uptempo, soul and gospel music –influenced arrangement. This arrangement has

93-574: A large figure of wood and straw, although he does not make clear whether the victims were burned alive. He adds that the ashes were believed to help the crops grow. Also in the 1st century BC, Greek historian Diodorus Siculus wrote in Bibliotheca historica that the Celts sacrificed human and animal captives by burning them on huge pyres along with the first fruits . It has been suggested that both Diodorus and Strabo got their information from

124-561: A more modern translation: Hail, holy Queen, mother of mercy, Hail our life, our sweetness, and our hope. To you we cry, poor banished children of Eve; to you we send up our sighs, mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn, then, most gracious advocate, your eyes of mercy toward us; and after this, our exile, show unto us the blessed fruit of your womb, Jesus. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary. ℣ Pray for us, O holy Mother of God. ℟ That we may be made worthy of

155-535: A morte perpetua liberemur. Per eundem Christum Dominum nostrum. ℟ Amen. The current text is almost exactly that of the original; however, the word "Mater" in the first line seems to have been added in the 16th century, and "Virgo" in the final line in the 13th. Variations exist among most translations. (In the version used by Catholics in the United Kingdom and in the Anglo-Catholic version,

186-593: Is also evidence of Celtic animal sacrifice, sometimes by burning. Some modern historians and archaeologists stress that the ancient Greco-Roman accounts should be viewed with caution, as Greeks and Romans "had good reason to dislike a long-term enemy" and it may have benefited them to "transmit any bizarre and negative information" about the Celts. Their desire to depict Celtic peoples as " barbarians " may have "led to exaggeration or even fabrications". There are accounts of large wickerwork figures being burnt in France during

217-418: Is some archaeological evidence of human sacrifice among Celtic peoples , although rare. The ancient Greco-Roman sources are now regarded somewhat sceptically, considering it is likely they "were eager to transmit any bizarre and negative information" about the Celts, as it benefited them to do so. The British horror film The Wicker Man (1973) brought the wicker man into contemporary popular culture . In

248-475: Is themed depending on the current political and social main topics of that year and is chosen by popular vote through a public contest. Documented at least since the 18th century, the modern version of this old tradition began just after the Spanish Civil War in 1940. [REDACTED] Media related to Wicker man (ritual) at Wikimedia Commons Salve Regina The work was composed during

279-578: The Middle Ages and originally appeared in Latin , the prevalent language of Western Christianity until modern times. Though traditionally ascribed to the eleventh-century German monk Hermann of Reichenau , it is regarded as anonymous by most musicologists. Traditionally it has been sung in Latin, though many translations exist. These are often used as spoken prayers. Marian antiphons have been sung, since

310-651: The 18th and 19th centuries. Wilhelm Mannhardt recorded that a wickerwork giant was burnt each Midsummer Eve in Brie . Until 1743, a large wickerwork figure of a soldier or warrior was burnt every 3 July on the Rue aux Ours in Paris, as the crowd sang " Salve Regina ". At Luchon in the Pyrenees , snakes were burnt alive in a tall wickerwork column decked with leaves and flowers on Midsummer Eve. Young men with torches danced around

341-600: The United States and the former Wickerman Festival in Scotland. In Northern Portugal , the traditional Caretos Festival ends with the burning of a gigantic human effigy with horns while young people run around it. In Badalona ( Catalonia ), and within the framework of the local Major Festival in May ( Festes de Maig ), every year a sizeable wooden figure representing a devil is burnt. The decoration of each statue

SECTION 10

#1732779886766

372-633: The anthem figured largely in liturgical and in general popular Catholic devotion, it was especially dear to sailors. In the 13th century, in either the 1220s or 1230s, the Dominican friars in Bologna adopted the nightly Salve procession at Compline, and this practice soon spread throughout their entire order. Because the Dominicans were so diffuse in Europe even in their early years, the popularity of

403-596: The blessed fruit of thy womb, Jesus. O clement, O loving, O sweet Virgin Mary. ℣ Pray for us, O holy Mother of God, ℟ that we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ. Let us pray: Almighty, everlasting God, who by the co-operation of the Holy Spirit didst prepare the body and soul of the glorious Virgin-Mother Mary to become a dwelling-place meet for thy Son: grant that as we rejoice in her commemoration; so by her fervent intercession we may be delivered from present evils and from everlasting death. Through

434-490: The burning column, and the townsfolk and clergy sang hymns. An Englishman who watched the ceremony in 1890 said the figure was somewhat "shaped like a mummy " and stood about 20 ft (6.1 m) tall. The British horror film The Wicker Man (1973) brought the wicker man into modern popular culture . In recent times, a wicker man (without human or animal sacrifices) has been burnt at some neopagan ceremonies, folk festivals, as well as festivals such as Burning Man in

465-607: The earlier Greek historian Posidonius , whose work has not survived. In the 1st century AD, Roman writer Lucan mentioned human sacrifices to the Gaulish gods Esus , Toutatis and Taranis . In a commentary on Lucan—the Commenta Bernensia dating from the 4th century and later—an unnamed author added that sacrifices to Taranis were burned in a wooden container. There is some archaeological evidence of human sacrifice among Celtic peoples , although rare. There

496-619: The end of a priest's funeral Mass. It is typically sung immediately after the Dismissal. As a prayer, it is commonly said at the end of the rosary . Salve, Regina, Mater misericordiæ, vita, dulcedo, et spes nostra, salve Ad te clamamus exsules filii Hevæ Ad te suspiramus, gementes et flentes in hac lacrimarum valle. Eia, ergo, advocata nostra, illos tuos misericordes oculos ad nos converte; Et Iesum, benedictum fructum ventris tui, nobis post hoc exsilium ostende. O clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria. In some cases,

527-535: The evening the Sub tuum praesidium . This type of indulgences expressed in days or years was suppressed by the Indulgentiarum Doctrina of 1967. The Enchiridion Indulgentiarum of 2004 provides for partial indulgence. German priest Johann Georg Seidenbusch published a hymn entitled "Gegrüßet seist du, Königin" in his 1687 devotional book Marianischer Schnee-Berg . This hymn was inspired by

558-410: The following versicle and collect are added: ℣ Ora pro nobis, sancta Dei Genitrix, ℟ Ut digni efficiamur promissionibus Christi. Oremus . Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui gloriosæ Virginis Matris Mariæ corpus et animam, ut dignum Filii tui habitaculum effici mereretur, Spiritu Sancto cooperante præparasti: da, ut cuius commemoratione lætamur; eius pia intercessione, ab instantibus malis, et

589-565: The latter half of the 20th and early 21st centuries, a wicker man (without human or animal sacrifices) has been burned at some neopagan ceremonies and festivals such as Burning Man . It has also been referenced in music and art. While other Roman writers of the time described human and animal sacrifice among the Celts , only the Roman general Julius Caesar and the Greek geographer Strabo mention

620-459: The outline for the classic Roman Catholic Mariology book The Glories of Mary by Alphonsus Liguori . In the first part of the book Alphonsus, a Doctor of the Church , discusses the Salve Regina and explains how God gave Mary to mankind as the "Gate of Heaven". It was added to the series of prayers said at the end of Low Mass by Pope Leo XIII . The Salve Regina is traditionally sung at

651-487: The people who cry to Thee; and by the intercession of the glorious and immaculate Virgin Mary, Mother of God, of Saint Joseph her spouse, of the blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and of all the saints, in Thy mercy and goodness hear our prayers for the conversion of sinners, and for the liberty and exaltation of our Holy Mother the Church. Through the same Christ Our Lord. Amen. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops has

SECTION 20

#1732779886766

682-516: The pilgrimage devotions at Aufhausen Priory , and contains various salutations taken predominantly from the Salve Regina . This hymn was soon to be found in various forms in many Catholic devotional books, and a Latin translation, " Salve Regina coelitum ", was soon created. The modern melody first appeared in the 1736 hymnal Geistliche Spiel- und Weckuhr , and Melchior Ludwig Herold's 1808 hymnal Choralmelodien zum Heiligen Gesänge contained

713-475: The promises of Christ. A 1969 translation by James Quinn, beginning "Hail, our Queen and Mother blest," is offered as an alternative to the Latin in the Divine Office. Pope Pius VI in the decree of 5 April 1786 granted the indulgence of one hundred days and, on Sundays, of 7 years and as many as forty years to anyone with a contrite heart who recited the antiphon Salve Regina in the morning and

744-749: The same Christ our Lord. Amen. The Salve Regina was one of the Leonine Prayers , in which context the collect at the end was replaced by different text: Oremus. Deus, refugium nostrum et virtus, populum ad te clamantem propitius respice; et intercedente gloriosa, et immaculata Virgine Dei Genitrice Maria, cum beato Joseph, ejus Sponso, ac beatis Apostolis tuis Petro et Paulo, et omnibus Sanctis, quas pro conversione peccatorum, pro libertate et exaltatione sanctae Matris Ecclesiae, preces effundimus, misericors et benignus exaudi. Per eundem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. Let us pray. O God, our refuge and our strength, look down with mercy upon

775-465: The singing and procession is largely attributed to them. Pope Gregory IX, on the advice of the Dominican St. Raymond of Penyafort , instituted the practice for the diocese of Rome on Fridays at Compline, and many dioceses and religious orders throughout Europe are recorded as adopting the practice in some form or another throughout the 13th century. In the 18th century, the Salve Regina served as

806-610: The text in 1941. Arvo Pärt composed a setting first performed in the Essen Cathedral in 2002. Olivier Latry premiered in 2007 an organ work Salve Regina which reflects in seven movements the lines of the hymn in Gregorian chant . In 1976 the words of the first verse of the Salve Regina were used as a repeating theme in the song Oh What a Circus in the musical Evita , with music by Andrew Lloyd Webber and lyrics by Tim Rice . Salve Regina University ,

837-444: The thirteenth century, at the close of Compline , the last Office of the day. Peter Canisius (d. 1597) noted that one praises God in Mary when one turns to her in song. Liturgically, the Salve Regina is the best known of four prescribed Marian Anthems recited after Compline, and, in some uses, after Lauds or other Hours. Its use after Compline is likely traceable to the monastic practice of intoning it in chapel and chanting it on

868-895: The version that is standard today. The English translation "Hail, Holy Queen enthroned above" first appeared in The Roman Missal in 1884. As an essential component of the Compline service, the hymn has been set to music by various composers, including Victoria , Palestrina , Josquin and Lassus . Charpentier , (5 settings, H.18, H.47, H.23, H.24, H.27), Louis-Nicolas Clérambault , (C.114), Giovanni Battista Pergolesi (3 settings), Nicola Porpora (3 settings), Alessandro Scarlatti , Vivaldi , Jan Dismas Zelenka , (7 settings, ZWV 135-141, and ZWV 204), Johann Adolph Hasse (3 settings), Handel , and Liszt composed their own settings in later years. Schubert composed no fewer than seven versions. Francis Poulenc composed his setting of

899-452: The way to sleeping quarters. It was set down in largely its current form at the Abbey of Cluny in the 12th century, where it was used as a processional hymn on Marian feasts. The Cistercians chanted the Salve Regina daily from 1218. It was popular at medieval universities as an evening song, and according to Juniper Carol, it came to be part of the ritual for the blessing of a ship. While

930-457: The wicker man as one of many ways the druids of Gaul performed sacrifices. In the mid-1st century BC, Caesar wrote in his Commentary on the Gallic War that a large wickerwork figure with limbs was filled with living men and set on fire. He says criminals were the preferred victims, but innocent people might also be burned if there were no criminals. Writing slightly later, Strabo says in his Geographica that men and animals were burned in

961-420: The wording "mourning and weeping in this vale of tears " is used in the 6th line.) Hail, holy Queen, Mother of Mercy, Hail our life, our sweetness and our hope. To thee do we cry, Poor banished children of Eve; To thee do we send up our sighs, Mourning and weeping in this valley of tears. Turn then, most gracious advocate, Thine eyes of mercy toward us; And after this our exile, Show unto us

Wicker man (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue

#765234