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16-513: In 1936, Marian Guthrie Willard had founded the East River Gallery as an art rental gallery at 358 East 57 St. As Willard became "more and more interested in the development of individual artists" the idea of renting became less and less appealing and she officially closed the East River Gallery in 1938 to re-evaluate her direction. Willard spent 1938–1940 in association with J.B. Neumann who was turning to selling old masters to supplement

32-690: A gift of his work, his personal collection of art, and his personal papers to the Allentown Art Museum of the Lehigh Valley (Pennsylvania). He had a gallery exhibition in the Susan Teller Gallery of New York in November 2010. Peter Grippe’s career was marked by many exhibitions, awards, and other honors, noted in the following partial list listed chronologically with information from exhibition catalogues, primarily

48-406: A sculptor working in bronze and clay, he created a portfolio of etchings by 21 artists (examples include Willem de Kooning , Jacques Lipchitz , and Peter Grippe himself) and 21 poets (including Frank O'Hara , Dylan Thomas , and Thomas Merton ) in a work entitled 21 Etchings and Poems . The collective work took three years to print and was published by New York's Morris Gallery in 1960. Grippe

64-488: Is available at the Smithsonian Institution's Archives of American Art. The interviewer, Dorothy Seckler, spoke with him in 1968. Grippe is also mentioned in a transcribed Smithsonian Institution interview in 2002 with Ruth Asawa in her San Francisco in which she discusses his technique and their associates during the period from 1946 to 1949. Seven years after Grippe's death, his widow, Florence, made

80-756: The Buchholz Gallery in September 1937 in New York City . A key figure in the dispersal of so-called “degenerate” art, he had permission to sell German art in America, from the Nazi authorities to help fund Hitler's war efforts. This resulted from Buchholz's gallery being one of four dealers—together with Ferdinand Möller (Berlin), Hildebrand Gurlitt (Hamburg), and Bernhard A. Böhmer (Güstrow)—who worked closely with Hitler’s Propaganda Ministry with

96-565: The Gallery overhead was assured as was the living of many of our artists ... In 1952 the Willard Gallery moved to 23 West 56 St. In 1942, Willard married Dan Johnson and changed her surname to Willard Johnson, henceforth directing the gallery in partnership with her husband. In 1962 the gallery moved to its final location at 29 East 72 St. After Dan and Marian Johnson retired in 1970 their daughter, Miani Johnson, took directorship of

112-597: The Nazis from museums or from private art collectors who were persecuted by the Nazis because of their Jewish heritage. Provenance research projects are ongoing around the world to clarify the origins of artworks sold by Valentin. Peter Grippe Peter Grippe (August 11, 1912 – October 18, 2002) was an American sculptor, printmaker, and painter. As a sculptor, he worked in bronze, terracotta, wire, plaster, and found objects. His "Monument to Hiroshima" series (1963) used found objects cast in bronze sculptures to evoke

128-793: The beginning of World War II by its founder, Stanley William Hayter . Today, Grippe's 21 Etchings and Poems , a part of the permanent collection at the Davis Museum and Cultural Center at Wellesley College in Wellesley, Massachusetts, is available as part of the museum's virtual collection. Grippe, a member of the American Abstract Artists group, was born on August 11, 1912, in Buffalo, New York , and died on October 18, 2002, in Suffolk, New York. While primarily known as

144-513: The chaotic humanity of the Japanese city after its incineration by atomic bomb. Other Grippe Surrealist sculptural works address less warlike themes, including that of city life. However, his expertise extended beyond sculpture to ink drawings, watercolor painting, and printmaking ( intaglio ). He joined and later directed Atelier 17 , the intaglio studio founded in London and moved to New York at

160-888: The disposal of such art for profit. On June 30, 1939, Curt Valentin bid for art looted by the Nazis that was being auctioned at the Galerie Fischer in Lucerne on behalf of Alfred H. Barr Jr. who provided money donated to the Museum of Modern Art . In 1951 the gallery was renamed the Curt Valentin Gallery. His gallery operated from 1951, until a year after his death in 1954, and handled works by many notable artists including Alexander Calder , Henry Moore , Marino Marini , Irving Kriesberg , and Jacques Lipchitz . Numerous art restitution cases involve artworks which passed through Curt Valentin after being seized by

176-4341: The gallery until, again facing relocation, she closed it in 1987. Willard Gallery was a member of the Art Dealer’s Association of America. Akiba February 14 – 26, 1938 Albers, Anni May 5 – 24, 1941 Baxter, John March 3 – 27, 1954 Bayer, Herbert March 9 – 27, 1943 Baynard, Ed February 9 – March 13, 1971; September 28 – October 23, 1971; October 29 – November 26, 1977 Bigelow, Larry May 1962 Braverman, Sylvia March 1 – 26, 1966; November 4 – 29, 1969; September 20 – October 25, 1975 Buljetta, Ellen November 20 - December 22, 1983 Bunuel, Juan Luis October 5 – 30, 1965; October 7 – November 11, 1969 Byars, James October 3 – 28, 1961 Calder, Alexander Jewelry: December 8 – 25, 1940 Jewelry: December 8 – 25, 1941 Drawings: December 1 – 24, 1942 Cannon, Kevin October 30 – November 27, 1982 Charlton, Gene February 2 – 27, 1954 Conolly, Thurloe April 24 – May 19, 1951 March 3 – 28, 1953 Dehner, Dorothy May 3 – 28, 1955 May 7 – 31, 1957 1959 November 1- 26, 1960 February 5 – March 2, 1963 November 15 – December 10, 1966 April 21 – April 23, 1970 February 2 – March 3, 1973 Duff, John March 15 – April 17, 1975 March 6 – April 7, 1976 February 5 – March 3, 1977 November 21 – December 23, 1978 English, Jane Photographs from Tao Te Ching: November 28 – December 30, 1972 Essman, Manuel March 31 – April 12, 1941 Feininger, Lyonel December 7 – 21, 1936 March 1941 Fantasy in Feininger: January 26 – February 13, 1943 Figures: January 29 – February 23, 1946 February 1 – March 3, 1956 Gables: November 27 – December 29, 1956 March 6 – April 12, 1958 November 4 – December 6, 1958 February 2 – 27, 1960 Paris-New York: March 1 – 31, 1961 April 14 – May 14, 1964 Ferren, John March 17 – April 4, 1942 Fine, Perle March 1945 Forbes, Donald January 27 – February 14, 1942 1952 Foulkes, Llyn February 11 – March 15, 1975 Gallatin, Eugene April 15 – May 3, 1941 Gatch, Lee February 15 – March 6, 1943 Gatewood, Maud October 31 – November 25, 1972 Goldberg, Glenn November 26 – December 21, 1985 April 16 – May 29, 1987 Graves, Morris November 3 – 28, 1942 January 11 – February 5, 1944 January 30 – February 24, 1945 March 1948, Ritual Vessels November 9 – December 4, 1948 November 17 – December 12, 1953 March 30 – April 24, 1954 November 1 – 26, 1955 December 1 – 31, 1959 April 20 – May 22, 1971 May 11 – June 12, 1976 April 22 – May 24, 1978 Grippe, Peter November 7 – December 2, 1944 October – November 1945 October 8 – November 2, 1946 February 3 – 28, 1948 Gaitonde, VS May 4 – 29, 1965 Haubensak, Pierre January 6 – February 5, 1976 May 7, June 10, 1977 Hasegawa, Sabro April 23 – May 4,1957 Hayes, David February 1 – 25, 1961 October 27 – November 27, 1964 October 11 – November 12, 1966 February 25 – March 29, 1969 January 5 – February 6, 1971 Hayter, Stanley May 27 – June 7, 1941 May 3 – 22, 1943 Helion, Jean March 21 – April 22, 1967 Hon Chi-Fun January 6 – February 7, 1970 Hood, Dorothy October 10 – November 4, 1950 Hughes, Toni January 13 – 25, 1941 Humphrey, Ralph April 8 – May 7, 1980 April 3 – May 8, 1982 Inokuma, Genichiro April 3 – 28, 1956 February 26 – March 23, 1957 October 7 – November 1, 1958 October 4 – 29, 1960 October 30 – November 24, 1962 September 29 – October 24, 1964 February 14 – March 18, 1967 October 8 – November 9, 1968 October 13 – November 14, 1970 October 3 – 28, 1972 Johnson, Ray April 6 – May 1, 1965 April 26 – May 21, 1966 April 25 – May 27, 1967 Kenney, Leo April 16 – May 18, 1968 Klee, Paul 1939 October 9 – November 2, 1940 Knee, Gina April 7 – May 2, 1942 November 9 – December 4, 1943 March 29 – April 23, 1949 May 3 – 28, 1955 Korman, Harriet November 20 – January 22, 1976 January 5 – 30, 1980 Koenig, John Franklin March 12 – April 6, 1963 February 1 – 27, 1965 Kolar, Jiri February 2 – March 1, 1970 Curt Valentin Curt Valentin (5 October 1902, Hamburg, Germany – 19 August 1954, Forte dei Marmi , Italy)

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192-436: The sale of contemporary art. In 1940, she found a small space next door to Curt Valentin 's Bucholtz Gallery at 32 East 57th St. where she opened Willard Gallery. Marian Willard Johnson wrote of her experience running the gallery: [Curt Valentin and I] frequently worked together, each showing an aspect of an artist’s work. I showed Alexander Calder ’s jewelry while Curt showed his mobiles. We made similar arrangements with

208-597: The work of Paul Klee , Lyonel Feininger and David Smith . I had been in contact with Mark Tobey and Morris Graves since 1939 and was to launch their work during the early forties... The forties was not an easy moment in art. If we sold a Tobey for $ 350.00 there was rejoicing and celebration with the artist, who got a tremendous lift from such a sale. Our rent was low, our salaries lower, but we built on faith. A few devoted collectors and museum curators kept us afloat. The fifties brought much wider public interest and better prices. Some reputations had been established and

224-428: The world and Surrealist imagery drawn from the subconscious thus bringing American sculpture into the modern era.” As Grippe's artistic and academic career progressed, he taught at several higher education institutions, including Brandeis University , where he was named the first professor of sculpture. He was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship in the category of fine arts in 1964 . A transcribed interview with Grippe

240-715: Was a German-Jewish art dealer known for handling modern art, particularly sculpture, and works classified as "degenerate", seized from public museums or looted from private collectors by the Nazi regime in Germany. After 1927 Curt Valentin worked for Alfred Flechtheim in Berlin. In 1934, he worked at Karl Buchholz Gallery, Hamburg from 1934 to 1936 until anti-Semitic National Socialist laws preventing Jews from practicing their professions in Germany. Dismissed from his job in Germany in late 1936 Valentin emigrated to America and opened

256-763: Was educated at the Albright-Knox Art School (today the Buffalo Fine Arts Academy ) and the Art Institute of Buffalo . He moved to New York in the 1930s, and his work reflects a move into the Cubist and Surrealist schools. According to Bob Mattison, Marshall R. Metzgar Professor of Art History at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, “Moving away from simply realist depictions in public monuments, Grippe and his colleagues embraced Cubism with its openwork multidimensional view of

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