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48-724: The Bryant Viaduct was built as part of the Roslyn Bypass , which serves as a bypass of Roslyn's downtown. The original bridge opened in 1950 and was replaced with a more modern one in phases between 2005 and 2012. Construction on the Bryant Viaduct and the rest of the Roslyn Bypass commenced in the mid-1940s, after several years of delays and World War II-related material shortages. The highway and its bridge, which had been compared to New Jersey's Pulaski Skyway , were planned in order to eliminate severe congestion on

96-468: A historic house museum . The grounds are open to the public. The two combined properties, with input from several notable architects, illustrate the development of estates on the North Shore of Long Island over a period of nearly a century. Bryant originally owned almost the entire property. Fifteen years after Bryant's death, in 1893, Lloyd Bryce bought the largely undeveloped inland portion of

144-455: A truck route . If there are no strong land use controls, buildings are often built in town along a bypass, converting it into an ordinary town road, and the bypass may eventually become as congested as the local streets it was intended to avoid. Many businesses are often built there for ease of access, while homes are often avoided for noise and pollution reasons. Bypass routes are often on new land where no road originally existed. This creates

192-459: A 1903 fire. On the other property, Bryce hired Codman, a young architect responsible for many seaside homes in the Northeast , to design the main house, and began creating gardens in the property's northwest corner. The Fricks hired Charles Allom to modify the house for their use when they moved in 1919, renaming it Clayton, but Codman's design remains largely unchanged. Allom's main changes were

240-502: A conflict between those who support a bypass to reduce congestion in a built-up area and/or as replacement for roads that became obsolete and inactive because devastating natural disasters — those who oppose the development of (often rural) undeveloped land. A city may also oppose the project, because of the potential reduction in city core. In Ontario , examples include the Donald Cousens Parkway (formerly named

288-402: A failure. After careful consideration, officials ultimately decided to replace the bridge with a new one up to modern standards. Initial development for the project first took place between 1992 and 1993. In 2005, construction commenced on a replacement bridge, as the original one was in a state of disrepair, was structurally-obsolete, lacked shoulders, and exceeded its intended use life. Given

336-417: A mix of fenestration styles. As at Cedarmere, two more modern buildings have been erected to support the property's current use as an art museum and sculpture garden . They are the only ones of the 11 buildings and structures at Clayton not considered contributing. The property that became Cedarmere had been in use since the early days of local settlement in the 17th century. The earliest known house on it

384-537: A sister bill in the New York State Assembly; both bills were passed in their respective legislative bodies. Bryant, who had purchased a home in present-day Roslyn Harbor in 1843, was one of the most famous and influential residents in Roslyn's history. 40°48′14″N 73°39′04″W  /  40.8038°N 73.6510°W  / 40.8038; -73.6510 Bypass (road) A bypass

432-454: Is a road or highway that avoids or "bypasses" a built-up area, town, or village, to let through traffic flow without interference from local traffic, to reduce congestion in the built-up area , to improve road safety and as replacement for obsolete roads that are no longer in use as a result of devastating natural disasters (earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, volcanic eruptions). A bypass specifically designated for trucks may be called

480-495: Is a series of tunnels between Central and Causeway Bay . Malaysia also contain several bypasses such as Rawang Bypass , Kajang Bypass , Bidor Bypass and Kuala Terengganu Bypass . Bypass roads (or in other cases "diversion roads") in the Philippines are generally considered on national highways passing through a densely populated city or municipality. Local governments usually promote construction of bypasses where

528-508: Is also sometimes used to refer to a short temporary roadway built to bypass a construction site or other temporary obstruction. The U.S. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices uses the term "diversion". In Brazil the widest and busiest bypasses are located in the state of São Paulo, and many of them intersect and merge around large cities to form ring-like systems. Most notably the Rodoanel Mário Covas , which encircles

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576-415: Is now the museum takes visitors through some of the pastorally landscaped 165 acres (66 ha) that make up the center of Roslyn Harbor. The main house sits on a high plateau, surrounded by plantings and a modern parking lot. It is a Georgian Revival building, brick with stone trim and copper hipped roof, pierced by-gabled dormers, its eaves lined with modillions above a stone entablature. The main block

624-543: Is two and a half stories high and nine bays wide. On both end there are symmetrical, two-bay pavilions outlined in quoins . The front facade has a five-bay open porch with Ionic columns and a flat roof, entablature and balustrade . The main entrance is a double door with semi-circular transom. On the east facade a series of round-arched French doors give access to the garden, topped by a balustraded balcony. Two one-story arcades wings project from it. The mansion's interior features much original woodwork and plaster. Near

672-1134: The East Kowloon Corridor , the West Kowloon Corridor , and the Lung Cheung and Ching Cheung Roads . Later ones are named directly as bypasses, such as Kwun Tong Bypass , Hung Hom Bypass , and the Ma On Shan Bypass . Other bypasses include the Tai Po Section of the Tolo Highway , the section within the Tuen Mun New Town of the Tuen Mun Road , the Yuen Long Highway , and the West Kowloon Highway . The Central-Wan Chai Bypass , which costs HK$ 28.1 billion,

720-575: The National Register of Historic Places & New York State Register of Historic Places in 1986. Clayton – the bulk of the property – is the large landscaped Bryce/Frick estate , now home to the Nassau County Museum of Art . Cedarmere – the smaller of the two – is William Cullen Bryant 's estate , currently undergoing interior renovation, is located on the west side of Bryant Avenue; overlooking Hempstead Harbor, now

768-568: The St. Joseph Valley Parkway ), and Interstate 75 bypassing Tampa and St. Petersburg, Florida . These bypasses usually carry mainline routes rather than auxiliary "bypass" routes. The first bypass route in the United States was completed in 1958 as Alabama State Route 210 (Ross Clark Circle) in Dothan, Alabama . In the United States, the term shoofly – a borrowing from railroad jargon –

816-778: The Markham Bypass from 2004 to 2006) and the Box Grove Bypass in the city of Markham ; and in Toronto a section of Highway 401 was called the Toronto Bypass in the 1950s when the highway was built as a bypass of Highway 2 , Ontario Highway 2A which was built to bypass Highway 2 between Toronto and Newcastle , and the Caledonia Bypass, a section of Highway 6 in Caledonia. In Nova Scotia ,

864-534: The Mill, although it was never used as such and remains purely decorative, used mainly for storage. Its brick basement gives way to a board-and- batten first floor, with heavy surface decoration, and then to a slate-covered cross-gabled roof with decorated bargeboards and filials, topped by a brick chimney. The windows have been trimmed with arches of various shapes and other decorative touches. The main side window has 'W' 'C' 'B' (William Cullen Bryant's initial) etched in

912-424: The United States, primary routes are designated with a one- or two-digit number , while bypasses and loops are generally designated with a three-digit number beginning with an even digit . However, there are many exceptions to this convention, where routes with three-digit numbers serve the main route through town while the routes with one- or two-digit numbers serve as the bypass. A few such examples can be found in

960-577: The William Cullen Bryant Viaduct. The project, executed through the passage of state legislation, was led by New York State Senators Jack M. Martins and Roy J. McDonald , along with New York State Assemblywoman Michelle E. Schimel . The bill was sponsored in the New York State Senate by Senator Martins & co-sponsored by Senator Roy J. McDonald, and New York State Assemblywoman Michelle E. Schimel sponsored

1008-515: The area around Cedarmere to the Bryces, they and the Fricks made some other additions as well. Cedarmere is located behind a high stone wall on a 7-acre (2.8 ha) parcel along Bryant Ave. , Roslyn Harbor, with two small ponds and a landscape designed by Frederick Law Olmsted . Its main house is a three- bay , 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -story main block with two wings: a two-story multi-bay structure to

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1056-534: The bridge eliminated the traffic bottleneck on Main Street and Old Northern Boulevard in the heart of Roslyn that had resulted from the increasing number of automobiles on the roads. The bridge's substructure was engineered by Senior & Palmer, while its superstructure was engineered by the American Bridge Company . Lighting was added to the bridge in 1956, after Nassau County agreed to cover

1104-523: The bridge's structural integrity – most notably after the 1983 Mianus River Bridge Disaster , in which a similarly designed bridge carrying Interstate 95 over the Mianus River in Connecticut collapsed due to defects in its pin and hanger system. The Bryant Viaduct subsequently received modifications over the next couple years to safeguard it and its pin and hanger design from experiencing such

1152-502: The city of São Paulo and passes through other cities in the metropolitan area, is the largest project of such type with a planned total length of 180 km upon completion. It is divided into sections and connected to major highways and while not being a toll road itself, accesses to other motorways are often placed through toll booths. Hong Kong contains several bypasses. The first are the Island Eastern Corridor ,

1200-515: The costs in lieu of the Village of Roslyn. The lights were installed along the median of the bridge, which had been designed and constructed with provisions being made for their future installation. By the 1990s, the bridge was beginning to show its age. Advancements in bridge engineering and safety rendered the structure obsolete; New York stopped using the pin and hanger design for building bridges in 1968. Additionally, there were concerns regarding

1248-435: The east and a smaller, single-story section to the north. All are covered in slate gambrel roofs , fenestrated with trimmed gabled dormers . Window shapes vary throughout the facades. The house is faced with stucco , except for the visible stone foundation . A green glass-and-metal conservatory protrudes from the front, and a porch wraps around all but the north side. A single-bay entrance pavilion projects onto

1296-556: The era such as painter Thomas Cole , James Fenimore Cooper and actor Edwin Booth . He sold it to his daughter Julia in 1875, as long as he was allowed to live the remainder of his life there; and he did, dying three years later. She in turn sold it to her nephew, Harold Godwin, in 1891. Eight years later, he sold the undeveloped property that became Clayton to Lloyd Bryce , a former congressman and heir to industrial fortunes. The upper stories of Cedarmere were damaged considerably by

1344-431: The estate and hired Ogden Codman, Jr. to design a mansion for it. In 1919, the dying Henry Clay Frick purchased the estate for his son Childs , who, after renovating it and expanding it, lived there with his family until his 1965 death. Four years later, it was turned over to the county for use as a museum. All of Cedarmere and most of Clayton were part of Bryant's original purchase. After his descendants sold all but

1392-603: The existing highway becomes heavily congested. Bypasses are common in rural municipalities to deter through traffic from entering the poblacion or town centre. Careful planning is considered when planning a bypass through a community to ensure the original route is downgraded to local access. Control of access to properties is taken in account to avoid uncontrolled land development. Cedarmere-Clayton Estates The Clayton-Cedarmere Estates are located in Roslyn Harbor , New York , United States , listed jointly on

1440-414: The existing route through Roslyn, which had long been considered one of the worst traffic bottlenecks on Long Island. The original bridge was completed in 1949, and a ceremony was held on October 21 of that year by Governor Thomas E. Dewey . It officially opened a few months later, on January 3, 1950. The four-lane bridge was built using a pin and hanger design. The construction and subsequent opening of

1488-518: The family sold the estate to Nassau County for use as an art museum. In 1989 the county transferred control to a private foundation. The Godwin family continued living in Cedarmere until they, too, donated it to the county for use as a museum in 1975. Both estates are open to the public. The grounds at Cedarmere are free and open year-round. The house is currently closed for interior restoration. The Mill underwent major restoration in 2013, under

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1536-411: The lack of efficient detour routes, construction was carried out in phases; one side would remain open whilst the other was demolished and rebuilt. Three lanes would be in use at any given time, and their directions would be reversible; in the mornings, there would be two westbound lanes and one eastbound lane, and the afternoons/evenings would see two eastbound lanes and one westbound lane. Construction

1584-526: The main house is a garden designed by Marian Coffin, with symmetrical plantings surrounding a central fountain . The remnants of a private zoo , primarily an old animal enclosure and tower. A narrow road leads to the Jerusha Dewey Cottage, originally built by Bryant for a friend of his and later used as a guest house, after extensive renovation by the Fricks. It is therefore a mixture of brick foundation, board-and-batten siding, slate roof and

1632-458: The metropolitan areas of Des Moines, Iowa ( Interstate 235 goes through downtown, while Interstate 35 and Interstate 80 bypass downtown), Omaha, Nebraska ( Interstate 480 traverses the downtown area , while Interstate 80 is one of the bypasses), and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (the city is served by Interstate 279 and Interstate 376 , while Interstate 70 , Interstate 76 , and Interstate 79 all bypass city limits). Another meaning of

1680-492: The old bypass route of U.S. Route 71 to the east of Kansas City, Missouri was decommissioned as Interstate 435 supplanted it; the remainder that existed as suburban surface route became Missouri Route 291 . Around St. Louis, Missouri , what had been U.S. Route 50 Bypass was absorbed into a diversion of U.S. Route 50 from Interstate 44 and Interstate 64 . In the Interstate Highway System in

1728-407: The replacement of the original entrance loggia with the porch and, inside, creating a large entrance hall in keeping with the Fricks' intention to emulate an English country house , a popular aspiration of wealthy Americans during the 1920s. To that end, Guy Lowell designed the gatehouse, and Marian Cruger Coffin designed the main garden a decade later. Four years after Frick's death, in 1969,

1776-859: The section of Highway 104 between Thomson Station and Masstown is colloquially named the Cobequid Pass ; this name is for a section of road that bypasses the Wentworth Valley by crossing the Cobequid Mountains . The idea of bypasses predates the use of motor vehicles. The first (northern) London bypass, the present Marylebone Road between Paddington and Islington , was started in 1756. Bypasses can take many years to gain planning approval and funding. Many towns and villages have been campaigning for bypasses for over 30 years e.g. Banwell in North Somerset . There

1824-436: The south porch, overlooking the larger pond and its stone bridge. It is topped with a railed balcony . The doorway is heavily ornamented with classical molded surround, pilasters , sidelights, entablature and leaded transom . The south elevation also has solid and latticework supports with decorated balusters and brackets . At the other edge of the main house's pond is a small Gothic Revival building known as

1872-804: The supervision of the Roslyn Landmark Society, with funding from the Gerry Charitable Trust. A grant from the New York State Environmental Protection Fund was used by Nassau County for major renovations and painting of the exterior of the House in Fall, 2013. The Friends and the Roslyn Landmark Society have contributed funds for additional interior and exterior renovations. Visitors to Clayton must pay an entrance fee as well as parking;

1920-447: The term bypass route (usually simply called a bypass ) is a highway that was constructed to bypass an area that is often congested with traffic. This includes Interstate Highway beltways and U.S. Highways constructed to circumvent downtown areas. Examples of these are U.S. Route 60 bypassing Williamsburg, Virginia , Interstate 285 bypassing Downtown Atlanta , U.S. Route 20 / U.S. Route 31 bypassing metro South Bend, Indiana (on

1968-423: The then-popular principles of Andrew Jackson Downing and disciples like Calvert Vaux , who supposedly designed the mill house, calling for small Gothic Revival cottages, sometimes in a Picturesque mode, that maintained harmony with their rural surroundings. At Cedarmere, as he later named the property, he received not only Vaux and his sometime collaborator Frederick Law Olmsted , but other cultural notables of

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2016-452: The top panes. Other outbuildings include a small greenhouse south of the garden and two more modern garages to the north, some distance from the house. The latter two are the only improvements to the property not considered contributing . Clayton's property begins across Bryant from Cedarmere, but its main entrance is located on Northern Blvd. ( NY 25A ). The drive up, after passing a hipped-roofed brick Neoclassical gatehouse to what

2064-600: The town, but the designation was changed to "bypass" in 1959 by AASHTO . However, many "truck" routes remain where the mainline of the highway is prohibited for trucks. In a few cases, both a bypass and a business route exist, each with auxiliary signs (e.g. U.S. Route 60 in Lexington, Kentucky ). Bypass routes are less common than business routes. Many of those that existed before the era of Interstate Highways have lost their old designations. For example, in Missouri ,

2112-477: Was built in 1787 by Richard Kirk, a Quaker farmer. Bryant bought a small house first built by Joseph Moulton in 1843 with the intent of establishing a retreat for himself from his job in the city as editor of the New York Evening Post , where he could contemplate nature and write his poetry. He expanded both the land and the house through the 1850s and 1860s into the present structure, following

2160-555: Was built using precast concrete segments, and was the first bridge in the area to be built using this design method. The new bridge was designed by the New York City-based transportation engineering firm, Hardesty & Hanover . In 2012, the Roslyn Viaduct was officially dedicated to – and renamed after – the late poet, journalist, and Roslyn resident, William Cullen Bryant ; the bridge was officially renamed

2208-725: Was chosen in reference to the First Battle of Newbury of 1643 and the Second Battle of Newbury of 1644, both of which took place close to the town during the English Civil War . In the United States , bypass routes are a type of special route used on an alternative routing of a highway around a town when the main route of the highway goes through the town. The original designation of these routes were "truck routes" to divert through truck traffic away from

2256-642: Was large-scale protest during construction of the Newbury bypass —officially known as the Winchester–Preston Trunk Road (A34) (Newbury Bypass)—a 9-mile (14 km) stretch of dual carriageway which bypasses the town of Newbury in Berkshire , England . The protest was popularly known as the Third Battle of Newbury , a name which was also adopted by one of the main protest groups. The name

2304-500: Was originally intended to be completed by 2007 - but numerous factors led to multiple delays & setbacks, and the replacement bridge was ultimately completed in 2012. The new bridge features many enhancements, including a shoulder lane, an improved walkway compliant with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 , and better drainage. The new bridge is a total of 13 feet (4 Meters) wider than its predecessor. The new Bryant Viaduct

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