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33-688: In 1873, the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway (C&O) line led by Collis P. Huntington had connected Richmond with the Ohio River Valley at Huntington, West Virginia . In 1881, the Peninsula Extension of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway brought the line east to the new city of Newport News . Williamsburg initially allowed tracks to be placed down the main street of town, Duke of Gloucester Street , and even directly through

66-573: A Fortune 500 company which was one of seven Class I railroads operating in North America at the beginning of the 21st century. At the end of 1970 C&O operated 5,067 mi (8,155 km) of road on 10,219 mi (16,446 km) of track, not including WM or B&O and its subsidiaries. The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway never spent lavishly on streamlined passenger trains, or passenger service in general, opting to put most of its resources into moving coal and freight. However, it did have

99-627: A five year period in three phases beginning in 1916. Another large shop site was established at Clifton Forge, Virginia in 1890 on 1,200 acres of land, including the classification yard. In 1929 the system's primary freight car repair and erecting facility was built at the west end of the mammoth yard at Russell, Kentucky , called the Raceland Car Shops. By the early 1960s the C&;O was headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio . In 1972, under

132-466: A key role in several battles but was a target for Federal armies. By 1865 it only had five miles of track still in operation and almost no cash to rebuild. Officials realized that they would have to get capital to rebuild from outside the economically devastated South and succeeded in getting Collis Huntington interested. He supplied the Virginians with the money needed to complete the line through what

165-564: A nickname that had been used colloquially for the railroad for several years, after the mascot kitten used in ads since 1933. Under Watkins' leadership, Chessie System then merged with Seaboard Coast Line Industries , holding company for Seaboard Coast Line Railroad and several other great railroads of the Southeast (including Louisville and Nashville Railroad , Clinchfield Railroad and others) to form CSX Corporation , with Chessie and SCL as its leading subsidiaries. Watkins became CEO of

198-584: A number of well known passenger trains including the George Washington , Fast Flying Virginian , Sportsman , Pere Marquette , and Resort Special . While the George Washington was the railroad's flagship, the Sportsman (which connected Detroit with Washington, D.C., and Newport News) and the Resort Special were also well-traveled trains on the system. Much of the reason for

231-615: A town. In previous decades, the railroad was a major employer. Clifton Forge is known for its mountain views and clear streams. Clifton Forge Commercial Historic District , Clifton Forge Residential Historic District , Clifton Furnace , Jefferson School , and Longdale Furnace Historic District are listed on the National Register of Historic Places . Clifton Forge is located at 37°49′11″N 79°49′24″W  /  37.81972°N 79.82333°W  / 37.81972; -79.82333 (37.819801, -79.823584). According to

264-717: Is composed of five council members who are elected at-large and serve overlapping four year terms. A Mayor and Vice Mayor are selected by the Council out of its membership. Clifton Forge is served by Alleghany Highlands Public Schools . Public school students residing in Clifton Forge are zoned to attend Mountain View Elementary School, Clifton Middle School (until 2023), and Alleghany High School . Mountain Gateway Community College

297-580: Is located west of the town. Law enforcement is provided by the Clifton Forge Police Department. Fire protection is provided by the Clifton Forge Fire Department which operates a fire station within the town. Emergency medical services are provided by the Clifton Forge Fire Department and Clifton Forge Rescue Squad. Ingalls Field, located near Hot Springs , is the closest general aviation airport to

330-592: Is now West Virginia. The old Covington and Ohio Railroad properties were conveyed to the C&O in keeping with its new mission of linking the Atlantic Ocean with the “Western Waters” of the Ohio River. Huntington intended to connect the C&O with his Western and Midwestern holdings, but ended up stopping construction at the Ohio River. Thus the only connection to the West was by packet boats operating on

363-633: The Peninsula Extension was completed from Richmond to the new city of Newport News located on Hampton Roads, the East’s largest ice-free port. Transportation of coal to Newport News where it was loaded on coastwise shipping and transported to the Northeast became a staple of the C&O’s business at this time. In 1888 the C&O built the Cincinnati Division from Huntington down the South bank of

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396-605: The United States Census Bureau , the town had a total area of 3.1 square miles (8.0 km ), all land. Portions of the town were built upon a bridge, elevating the town above a stream. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Clifton Forge has a humid subtropical climate , abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. As of

429-469: The census of 2020, there were 3,555 people residing in the town. There were 1,988 housing units. The racial makeup of the town was 82.0% White , 11.7% African American or Black , 0.2% American Indian , 0.4% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 0.6% from other races , and 5.0% from two or more races . Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population. As of the census of 2010, there were 3,884 people, 1,701 households, and 982 families residing in

462-725: The Louisa had been built east to Richmond and west to Charlottesville, and in keeping with its new and larger vision, was renamed the Virginia Central Railroad . The Commonwealth of Virginia owned a portion of Virginia Central stock and financed the Blue Ridge Railroad to accomplish the task of crossing the first mountain barrier to the west. During the Civil War the Virginia Central played

495-515: The Ohio River and across the river at Cincinnati, connecting with the “Big Four” and other Midwestern Railroads. From 1900 to 1920 most of the C&O’s line tapping the rich bituminous coal fields of West Virginia and Kentucky were completed, and the C&O as it was known throughout the rest of the 20th Century was essentially in place. In 1910, the C&O absorbed the Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville Railroad, which had been built diagonally across

528-579: The United States, and in 1963, under the guidance of Cyrus S. Eaton , helped start the modern merger era by "affiliating" with the Baltimore & Ohio . The two lines' services, personnel, motive power and rolling stock, and facilities were gradually integrated. Under the leadership of Hays T. Watkins , in 1973 Chessie System was created as a holding company for the C&O, B&O and Western Maryland Railway . In effect, C&O formally adopted

561-405: The average family size was 2.85. In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.7% under the age of 18, 6.8% from 18 to 24, 20.4% from 25 to 44, 28.5% from 45 to 64, and 22.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 45.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 87.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.7 males. The median income for a household in the city

594-532: The country. Clifton Forge, Virginia Clifton Forge is a town in Alleghany County , Virginia , United States which is part of the greater Roanoke Region . The population was 3,555 at the 2020 census . The Jackson River flows through the town, which as a result was once known as Jackson's River Station. Clifton Forge was an independent city during the 2000 census . However, in 2001, Clifton Forge gave up its city status and reverted to

627-542: The formation of Amtrak . Today Amtrak's tri-weekly Cardinal passenger train follows the historic and scenic route of the C&O through the New River Gorge in one of the more rugged sections of West Virginia. The rails of the former C&O also continue to transport intermodal and freight traffic, as well as West Virginia bituminous coal east to Hampton Roads and west to the Great Lakes as part of CSXT,

660-439: The largest rail hub and third largest city in the country, passenger service to it was discontinued in 1933. Trains continued to run as west as Hammond, Indiana , a Chicago suburb, until 1949. It had accessed the city’s Central Station (and previously, Dearborn Station ) via the former Chicago, Cincinnati and Louisville Line. Chessie sported two kittens, Nip and Tuck. During World War II, Chessie's "husband" — Peake — (creating

693-619: The leadership of Cyrus Eaton , it became part of the Chessie System , along with the Baltimore and Ohio and Western Maryland Railway . The Chessie System was later combined with the Seaboard Coast Line and Louisville and Nashville, both the primary components of the Family Lines System , to become a key portion of CSX Transportation (CSXT) in the 1980s. C&O's passenger services ended in 1971 with

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726-666: The merged company. Over the next five years, the CSX railroads began consolidating into one mega-railroad. The process began when SCL merged its railroads into the Seaboard System Railroad in 1982. Western Maryland was merged into B&O on May 1, 1983. B&O was merged into C&O on April 30, 1987. Seaboard changed its name to CSX Transportation on July 1, 1986. Finally, C&O merged into CSX Transportation on Aug. 31, 1987. After acquiring 42% of Conrail in 1999, CSX became one of four major railroad systems left in

759-533: The name "Chessie Peak", as in Chesapeake) was shown with a bandage on his paw as a war veteran returning from military service. While the kitten was created by the Austrian artist Guido Grünewald, the success of Chessie as a marketing tool is often credited to Lionel Probert, at the time an assistant to the C&O president. C&O continued to be one of the more profitable and financially sound railways in

792-402: The popularity of C&O's passenger trains was because of Chessie, the sleeping kitten , one of the most successful and fondly remembered marketing campaigns ever developed. Chessie was so popular when she debuted in 1933 that the C&O could not keep enough merchandise in stock. The C&O mostly focused on passenger trains in the eastern half of its system. Despite connecting to Chicago,

825-409: The population. There were 1,701 households, out of which 23.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.8% were married couples living together, 13.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.3% were non-families. 37.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.18 and

858-416: The river. Because the mineral resources of West Virginia and Kentucky hadn’t been fully realized yet, the C&O suffered through the bad times brought on by the financial panic Depression of 1873, and went into receivership in 1878. When reorganized it was renamed The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company. Conditions improved in the 1880s when coal resources began to be developed and shipped eastward. In 1881

891-426: The ruins of the historic capitol building. As regular service was established, the main line was soon relocated slightly north. Williamsburg's original station was replaced in 1907 with a brick structure, in conjunction with the tercentenary of Jamestown. Then in 1935, the 1907 station was replaced with the present station building with funding from John D. Rockefeller Jr. C&O passenger service to Williamsburg

924-422: The state of Indiana from Cincinnati to Hammond in the preceding decade. This gave the C&O a direct line from Cincinnati to the great railroad hub of Chicago. The first small terminal and repair shops were located at Richmond beginning in 1860. After expanding to Huntington in 1872, the primary back shops were established on 100 acres of land along Fifth Avenue. These facilities were expanded and modernized over

957-571: The town. The Greenbrier Valley Airport and Roanoke-Blacksburg Regional Airport are the closest airports with commercial service. Clifton Forge is serviced by three major highways, Interstate 64 , U.S. Route 60 , and U.S. Route 220 . Amtrak , the national passenger rail service, provides service to the Clifton Forge station with the Cardinal route. Clifton Forge also serves a major locomotive fuel facility for CSX Transportation and

990-416: The town. The population density was 1,252.9 people per square mile (483.7 people/km ). There were 2,004 housing units at an average density of 646.5 units per square mile (249.6 units/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 84.4% White, 11.8% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.7% of

1023-421: Was $ 34,256, and the median income for a family was $ 53,547. Males had a median income of $ 38,500 versus $ 29,630 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 20,833. About 14.3% of families and 23.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 33.4% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over. Clifton Forge operates a Mayor–council form of government. Clifton Forge Town Council

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1056-625: Was a Class I railroad formed in 1869 in Virginia from several smaller Virginia railroads begun in the 19th century. Led by industrialist Collis P. Huntington , it reached from Virginia's capital city of Richmond to the Ohio River by 1873, where the railroad town (and later city) of Huntington, West Virginia , was named for him. The C&O traces its origins to the Louisa Railroad of Louisa County, Virginia, begun in 1836. By 1850

1089-674: Was replaced in 1971 by Amtrak. The station is served by two Amtrak trains a day in each direction, with direct service to Newport News , Richmond , and points along the Northeast Corridor from Washington DC through New York City to Boston. Intercity bus service is provided by Greyhound Lines (Carolina Trailways), Hampton Roads Transit (HRT) and the Williamsburg Area Transit Authority . Chesapeake and Ohio Railway The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway ( reporting marks C&O , CO )

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