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44-683: The Windsor Festival was founded in 1969 with Yehudi Menuhin and Ian Hunter as artistic directors and Laurence West as executive chairman. The original idea for the festival was put forward by Hunter to the Dean of Windsor in 1968, building on the participation of the Menuhin Festival Orchestra with Menuhin using St George's Chapel , the State Apartments of Windsor Castle and the Theatre Royal . The Dean formed

88-569: A Crimean Karaite . Through his father Moshe, he was descended from a rabbinical dynasty. Moshe and Marutha (née Sher) met in Mandatory Palestine before marrying in New York in 1914. In late 1919, the pair became American citizens and changed the family name from Mnuchin to Menuhin. Menuhin's sisters were concert pianist and human rights activist Hephzibah , and pianist, painter and poet Yaltah . Menuhin's first violin instruction

132-554: A dependent people, should be the very last means to be adopted by those who themselves know too well the awful significance, the unforgettable suffering of such an existence. It is unworthy of my great people, the Jews, who have striven to abide by a code of moral rectitude for some 5,000 years, who can create and achieve a society for themselves such as we see around us but can yet deny the sharing of its great qualities and benefits to those dwelling amongst them. Menuhin regularly returned to

176-637: A member of the awards jury at the 1955 Queen Elisabeth Music Competition , Menuhin secured a Rockefeller Foundation grant for the financially strapped Grand Prize winner at the event, Argentine violinist Alberto Lysy . Menuhin made Lysy his only personal student, and the two toured extensively throughout the concert halls of Europe. The young protégé later established the International Menuhin Music Academy (IMMA) in Gstaad , in his honor. Menuhin made several recordings with

220-574: A milestone collection of 80 CDs entitled The Menuhin Century , curated by his long-time friend and protégé Bruno Monsaingeon , who selected the recordings and sourced rare archival materials to tell Menuhin's story. From 1984 until his death in 1999 he was the first guest conductor of Sinfonia Varsovia with which he performed over 300 times (nearly half of which were between 1996 and 1998). He said that "working with no other orchestra gave me as much satisfaction as my work, as soloist and conductor, with

264-636: A musical instrument, with one on the human voice. Menuhin wrote some, while others were edited by different authors. In 1991, Menuhin was awarded the prestigious Wolf Prize by the Israeli Government. In the Israeli Knesset he gave an acceptance speech in which he criticised Israel's continued occupation of the West Bank: This wasteful governing by fear, by contempt for the basic dignities of life, this steady asphyxiation of

308-658: A penguin, he alternately places one foot down, then the other. But wait: you will stop laughing when he puts his bow to the violin to play Bach's violin concerto in E major no.2." When the Menuhins moved to Paris, Persinger suggested Menuhin go to Persinger's old teacher, Belgian virtuoso and pedagogue Eugène Ysaÿe . Menuhin did have one lesson with Ysaÿe, but he disliked Ysaÿe's teaching method and his advanced age. Instead, he went to Romanian composer and violinist George Enescu , under whose tutelage he made recordings with several piano accompanists, including his sister Hephzibah. He

352-615: A performance by the twelve-year-old Yehudi Menuhin. That night he played the Bach, Beethoven and Brahms violin concertos to an ecstatic audience ... The week before, Yehudi had played in Berlin with the Philharmonic under Bruno Walter to an equally rapturous response. A newspaper critic said of his Berlin performance: "There steps a fat little blond boy on the podium, and wins at once all hearts as in an irresistibly ludicrous way, like

396-738: Is alive; its very shape embodies its maker's intentions, and its wood stores the history, or the soul, of its successive owners. I never play without feeling that I have released or, alas, violated spirits." Adolf Busch Busch was born in Siegen in Westphalia . He studied at the Cologne Conservatory with Willy Hess and Bram Eldering . His composition teacher was Fritz Steinbach but he also learned much from his future father-in-law Hugo Grüters in Bonn. In 1912, Busch founded

440-559: Is the longest in the history of the music industry. He made his first recording at age 13 in November 1929, and his last in 1999, when he was nearly 83 years old. He recorded over 300 works for EMI, both as a violinist and as a conductor. In 2009 EMI released a 51-CD retrospective of Menuhin's recording career, titled Yehudi Menuhin: The Great EMI Recordings . In 2016, the Menuhin centenary year, Warner Classics (formerly EMI Classics) issued

484-479: The Marlboro Music School and Festival . The Busch Quartet was particularly admired for its interpretations of Brahms , Schubert , and above all Beethoven . It made a series of recordings in the 1930s that included many of these composers' works for string quartet. In 1941, it set down three Beethoven quartets that it had not previously recorded, including Opus 130. The Busch Quartet never recorded

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528-614: The Vienna Konzertverein Quartet, consisting of the principals from the Konzertverein orchestra , which made its debut at the 1913 Salzburg Festival. After World War I , he founded the Busch Quartet , which from the 1920–21 season included Gösta Andreasson, violin, Karl Doktor, viola, and Paul Grümmer , cello. The quartet was in existence with varying personnel until 1951. The additional member of

572-834: The Yehudi Menuhin Archive , which includes sheet music marked up for performance, correspondence, news articles and photographs relating to Menuhin, autograph musical manuscripts, and several portraits of Paganini . Menuhin played a number of famous violins, arguably the most renowned of which is the Lord Wilton Guarnerius 1742 . Others included the Giovanni Bussetto 1680 , Giovanni Grancino 1695 , Guarneri filius Andrea 1703 , Soil Stradivarius , Prince Khevenhüller 1733 Stradivari , and Guarneri del Gesù 1739 . In his autobiography Unfinished Journey , Menuhin wrote: "A great violin

616-629: The Yehudi Menuhin International Competition for Young Violinists , today one of the world's leading forums for young talent. Many of its prizewinners have gone on to become prominent violinists, including Tasmin Little , Nikolaj Znaider , Ilya Gringolts , Julia Fischer , Daishin Kashimoto and Ray Chen . In the 1980s, Menuhin wrote and oversaw the creation of a "Music Guides" series of books; each covered

660-761: The 1970s on Jalousie , an album of 1930s classics led by duetting violins backed by the Alan Claire Trio. In 1975, in his role as president of the International Music Council , he declared October 1 as International Music Day. The first International Music Day, organised by the International Music Council, was held that same year, in accordance with the resolution taken at the 15th IMC General Assembly in Lausanne in 1973. In 1977, Menuhin and Ian Stoutzker founded

704-682: The Bath Festival and the recording of their Grammy Award -winning album West Meets East (1967). During this time, he commissioned composer Alan Hovhaness to write a concerto for violin, sitar, and orchestra to be performed by himself and Shankar. The resulting work, entitled Shambala (c. 1970), with a fully composed violin part and space for improvisation from the sitarist, is the earliest known work for sitar with western symphony orchestra, predating Shankar's own sitar concertos, but Menuhin and Shankar never recorded it. Menuhin also worked with famous jazz violinist Stéphane Grappelli in

748-755: The British ballerina and actress Diana Gould , whose mother was the pianist Evelyn Suart and stepfather was Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt . The couple had two sons, Gerard , notable as a Holocaust denier and far right activist, and Jeremy , a pianist. A third child died shortly after birth. In the 1960s and 1970s they lived in Highgate at 2 The Grove , a house later owned by Sting . The name Yehudi means "Jew" in Hebrew . In an interview republished in October 2004, he recounted to New Internationalist magazine

792-514: The Concerti grossi, op.6 by Handel; his recordings of Bach's Brandenburg Concertos brought them to prominence after many years of relative obscurity. He had a highly individual tone and great technique. Among his students were Stefi Geyer, Erica Morini and Yehudi Menuhin . As a composer, Busch was influenced by Max Reger . He was among the first to compose a Concerto for Orchestra, in 1929. A number of his compositions have been recorded, including

836-770: The German conductor Wilhelm Furtwängler , who had been criticized for conducting in Germany during the Nazi era. Menuhin defended Furtwängler, noting that the conductor had helped a number of Jewish musicians to flee Nazi Germany. In 1957, he founded the Menuhin Festival Gstaad in Gstaad , Switzerland. In 1962, he established the Yehudi Menuhin School in Stoke d'Abernon , Surrey. He also established

880-690: The Grosse Fuge, Opus 133; an arrangement was recorded by the Busch Chamber Players, with Busch leading from the first violin desk. Busch was a great soloist, as well as a chamber musician, and live recordings exist of him playing the Beethoven, Brahms, Dvorák and Busoni Concertos, as well as the Brahms Double Concerto. In the studio he recorded concertos and chamber orchestra performances of Bach and Mozart, and of

924-691: The San Francisco Bay Area, sometimes performing with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. One of the more memorable later performances was of Edward Elgar 's Violin Concerto, which Menuhin had recorded with the composer in 1932. On 22 April 1978, along with Stéphane Grappelli , Yehudi played Pick Yourself Up , taken from the Menuhin & Grappelli Play Berlin, Kern, Porter and Rodgers & Hart album as

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968-559: The Sinfonia Varsovia Orchestra." In his Unfinished Journey: Twenty Years Later he added "It was a true inspiration to spend as much time with them [Sinfonia Varsovia] as possible, to enjoy the deep satisfaction I derive from our music-making together.". In 1991, he became Principal Guest Conductor of the English Symphony Orchestra , a position he also held until his death. In 1990 Menuhin

1012-526: The Violin Concerto (A minor, opus 20, published 1922), String Sextet (G major, opus 40), Quintet for Saxophone and String Quartet, Violin Sonata No 2, Op. 56, Clarinet Sonata, and several large scale works for organ. Regarding the last, Busch once remarked that if he could come back after his death he would like to return as an organist. He was the son of the luthier Wilhelm Busch; brother of

1056-751: The Windsor Festival Society, which then moved to plan the first festival. Since that time, the festival has continued to attract distinguished artists from around the world, including Dame Judi Dench , Dame Kiri Te Kanawa , Sir Charles Mackerras , André Previn and Arthur Rubinstein , for concerts in Windsor Castle and Eton College and throughout the Royal Borough . Yehudi Menuhin Yehudi Menuhin, Baron Menuhin (22 April 1916 – 12 March 1999),

1100-715: The charity Live Music Now, the largest outreach music project in the UK. Live Music Now pays and trains professional musicians to work in the community, bringing the experience to those who rarely get an opportunity to hear or see live music performance. At the Edinburgh Festival Menuhin premiered Priaulx Rainier 's violin concerto Due Canti e Finale , which he had commissioned Rainier to write. He also commissioned her last work, Wildlife Celebration , which he performed in aid of Gerald Durrell 's Wildlife Conservation Trust . In 1983, Menuhin and Robert Masters founded

1144-475: The circle was Rudolf Serkin , who became Busch's duo partner at 18 and eventually married Busch's daughter, Irene, 1935 in Basel. The Busch Quartet and Serkin became the nucleus of the Busch Chamber Players, founded in Basel, a forerunner of modern chamber orchestras. In 1927, with the rise of Adolf Hitler, Busch decided he could not in good conscience stay in Germany, so he emigrated to Basel , Switzerland. Busch

1188-705: The composer's penultimate work. He performed for Allied soldiers during World War II and, accompanied on the piano by English composer Benjamin Britten , for the surviving inmates of a number of concentration camps in June and July 1945 after their liberation in April of the same year, most famously Bergen-Belsen . He returned to Germany in 1947 to play concerto concerts with the Berlin Philharmonic under Wilhelm Furtwängler as an act of reconciliation,

1232-728: The direction of Alfred Hertz and a recital at the Scottish Rite Hall. His reputation preceded him to New York for his debut there on 17 March 1926, at the Manhattan Opera House. In 1923, when he was seven years old, Menuhin appeared as solo violinist with the San Francisco Symphony Orchestra. Persinger then agreed to teach him and accompanied him on the piano for his first few solo recordings in 1928–29. Julia Boyd records: On 12 April 1929 it [the Semperoper ] cancelled its advertised programme to make way for

1276-437: The festival was first directed by the impresario Ian Hunter in 1948. After the first year the city tried to run the festival itself, but in 1955 asked Hunter back. In 1959 Hunter invited Menuhin to become artistic director of the festival. Menuhin accepted, and retained the post until 1968. Menuhin also had a long association and deep friendship with Ravi Shankar , beginning in 1952, leading to their joint performance in 1966 at

1320-721: The first Jewish musician to do so in the wake of the Holocaust , saying to Jewish critics that he wanted to rehabilitate Germany's music and spirit. Menuhin credited German philosopher Constantin Brunner with providing him with "a theoretical framework within which I could fit the events and experiences of life". He and Louis Kentner (brother-in-law of his wife, Diana ) gave the first performance of William Walton 's Violin Sonata, in Zürich on 30 September 1949. Following his role as

1364-507: The first integral recording of Johann Sebastian Bach 's sonatas and partitas for solo violin , although his Sonata No. 2, in A ;minor, was not released until all six were transferred to CD. His interest in the music of Béla Bartók prompted him to commission a work from him – the Sonata for Solo Violin , which, completed in 1943 and first performed by Menuhin in New York in 1944, was

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1408-716: The first prominent yoga masters teaching in the West. Menuhin also took lessons from Indra Devi , who opened the first yoga studio in the U.S. in Los Angeles in 1948. Both Devi and Iyengar were students of Krishnamacharya , a famous yoga master in India. Menuhin died in Martin Luther Hospital in Berlin, Germany, from complications of bronchitis. Soon after his death, the Royal Academy of Music acquired

1452-585: The interval act at the 23rd Eurovision Song Contest for TF1 . The performance came direct from the studios of TF1 and not that of the venue ( Palais des Congrès ), where the contest was being held. Menuhin hosted the PBS telecast of the gala opening concert of the San Francisco Symphony from Davies Symphony Hall in September 1980. His recording contract with EMI lasted almost 70 years and

1496-585: The music program at The Nueva School in Hillsborough, California , sometime around then. In 1965 he received an honorary knighthood from the British monarchy. In the same year, Australian composer Malcolm Williamson wrote a violin concerto for Menuhin. He performed the concerto many times and recorded it at its premiere at the Bath Festival in 1965. Originally known as the Bath Assembly,

1540-405: The story of his name: Obliged to find an apartment of their own, my parents searched the neighbourhood and chose one within walking distance of the park. Showing them out after they had viewed it, the landlady said: "And you'll be glad to know I don't take Jews." Her mistake made clear to her, the antisemitic landlady was renounced, and another apartment found. But her blunder left its mark. Back on

1584-623: The street my mother made a vow. Her unborn baby would have a label proclaiming his race to the world. He would be called "The Jew". Menuhin became an honorary citizen of Switzerland, and then also of the United Kingdom, in 1970 and 1985, respectively. Along with Albert Einstein , Menuhin was one of the sponsors of the Peoples' World Convention (PWC), also known as Peoples' World Constituent Assembly (PWCA), which took place in 1950-51 at Palais Electoral, Geneva , Switzerland. Menuhin

1628-617: The world, he founded a chamber orchestra in Basel, was a co-founder of the Lucerne Festival in 1938, together with Arturo Toscanini and his conducting brother Fritz Busch , and taught many students in Basel, among them Yehudi Menuhin . On the outbreak of World War II , Busch emigrated from Basel to the United States in 1939, where he eventually settled in Vermont . There, he was one of the founders with Rudolf Serkin of

1672-462: Was a pescetarian . In 1953, Life published photos of him in various esoteric yoga positions. In 1952, Menuhin was in India, where Nehru , the new nation's first Prime Minister, introduced him to an influential yogi B. K. S. Iyengar , who was largely unknown outside the country. Menuhin arranged for Iyengar to teach abroad in London, Switzerland, Paris, and elsewhere. He became one of

1716-507: Was also a student of Adolf Busch in Basel . He stayed in the Swiss city for a bit more than a year, where he started to take lessons in German and Italian as well. According to Henry A. Murray , Menuhin wrote: Actually, I was gazing in my usual state of being half absent in my own world and half in the present. I have usually been able to "retire" in this way. I was also thinking that my life

1760-427: Was an American-born British violinist and conductor who spent most of his performing career in Britain. He is widely considered one of the greatest violinists of the 20th century. He played the Soil Stradivarius , considered one of the finest violins made by Italian luthier Antonio Stradivari . Yehudi Menuhin was born in New York City to Moshe Menuhin , a Lithuanian Jew from Gomel in modern Belarus , and Marutha,

1804-415: Was at age four by Sigmund Anker (1891–1958); his parents had wanted Louis Persinger to teach him, and Persinger agreed. Menuhin took lessons for a while from Persinger at his Hyde Street studio. He made his first public solo appearance in November 1921, at a pupil's concert. On 29 February 1924, he formally debuted at the Oakland Auditorium followed by a solo performance with the San Francisco Symphony under

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1848-459: Was not Jewish and was popular in Germany, but firmly opposed Nazism from the beginning. On 1 April 1933, he repudiated Germany altogether and in 1938, he boycotted Italy. As the Nazis tried to convince him to return to Germany, he declared that he would "return with joy on the day that Hitler, Goebbels und Göring are publicly hanged." In 1935, he became a Swiss citizen of Riehen , Basel. During 12 years in Basel and besides his many concerts around

1892-495: Was the first conductor for the Asian Youth Orchestra which toured around Asia, including Japan, Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong with Julian Lloyd Webber and a group of young talented musicians from all over Asia. Menuhin was married twice, first to Nola Nicholas, daughter of an Australian industrialist and sister of Hephzibah Menuhin 's first husband Lindsay Nicholas. They had two children, Krov and Zamira (who married pianist Fou Ts'ong ). Following their 1947 divorce he married

1936-486: Was tied up with the instrument and would I do it justice? His first concerto recording was made in 1931, Bruch's G minor, under Sir Landon Ronald in London, the labels calling him "Master Yehudi Menuhin". In 1932 he recorded Edward Elgar's Violin Concerto in B   minor for HMV in London, with the composer himself conducting; in 1934, uncut, Paganini's D major Concerto with Emile Sauret 's cadenza in Paris under Pierre Monteux . Between 1934 and 1936, he made

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