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43-453: On 1 May 2019, Wintershall merged with DEA to form Wintershall Dea . BASF holds 67% of the shares in the joint venture. Wintershall was founded on 13 February 1894 by mining entrepreneur Carl Julius Winter , together with mining-industrialist Heinrich Grimberg. It was originally set up as a civil engineering company to mine potash in Kamen . The name Wintershall (pronounced: Winters·hall)

86-594: A 15.5 percent share in the pipeline. A binding agreement to merge DEA and Wintershall was published on 27 September 2018. The merger was carried out with official approval in May 2019. It created Europe's leading independent gas and oil company. BASF holds 67% of Wintershall Dea and LetterOne holds 33% of the ordinary shares in Wintershall Dea. To consider the value of the midstream business of Wintershall Dea, BASF further received preference shares which results in

129-575: A current overall participation of BASF of 72.7% in the entire share capital of the company. The preference shares will convert into ordinary shares of the company on 1 May 2022 or upon an initial public offering, whichever comes earlier. Wintershall had production locations in Germany, in the North Sea, Argentina, North Africa, the Middle East and Russia. DEA AG DEA Deutsche Erdoel AG

172-421: A year. Oil is pumped ashore and water extracted during processing is then routed back by the second pipeline for reinjection into the lower section of the reservoir. The modified island facility now contains living accommodation for up to 96 people. The Mittelplate is operated and solely owned by Wintershall Dea. Out of a total capital spending of €670 million, €100 million was spent on construction of

215-489: Is Germany 's largest oil field , 7 km (4.3 mi) from the shore, in the environmentally important Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Parks tidal flats . The development of the field was done by a consortium of RWE Dea and Wintershall . By the 20th anniversary of the start of production, 20 million tonnes (22,000,000 tons) (about 146 million barrels) of crude had been produced from

258-652: Is commonly known in German history as the “Miracle of Lengede” ( Wunder von Lengede ). By 1965, the DEA Group was generating revenue of DM 2.01 billion and had 26,400 employees. Texaco took over more than 90% of the shares in DEA in 1966. DEA became Deutsche Texaco AG in 1970. The mines it owned were contributed to Ruhrkohle AG (RAG) around 1970. The takeover of Deutsche Texaco by RWE AG in 1988 created RWE-DEA Aktiengesellschaft für Mineraloel und Chemie . From then on,

301-633: Is derived from the surname of Carl Julius Winter and the Old High German word for salt (Hall, see halite , halurgy). Ground was first broken on 23 April 1900 to drill the Grimberg shaft at Widdershausen, and the first Wintershall potash works were built in Heringen . Wintershall drilled further shafts in the Werra potash fields, building and acquiring other works in the region. From 1895 to 1913,

344-556: Is officially declared the new main business. Since 1907 the companies headquarters were again moved to Berlin. In 1911, DTA and its subsidiary Vereinigte Norddeutsche Mineralölwerke AG were merged with Deutsche Mineralölindustrie AG to create Deutsche Erdoel-Actiengesellschaft (DEA) , based in Berlin. DEA had stakes in oil fields in Alsace , Austria-Hungary and Romania from 1905/1906, but lost most of its foreign production when

387-542: Is protected by 11-metre-high (36 ft) sheet piling measures at 70 by 95 m (230 by 312 ft). The western section of the field includes 18 production wells. The first oil came onstream in 1987 and was delivered ashore on 45 by 18 m (148 by 59 ft) double hull barges . A new redevelopment plan included the construction of a land-based facility in Dieksand from which 2,000–3,000 m-long (6,600–9,800 ft) extended-reach production wells were to tap into

430-554: The BASF Group took over Wintershall as it was an important supplier of raw materials and hence enabled BASF to secure the resources it needed. The potash mining operations were integrated into Kali und Salz AG in 1970. Since then, the company has focused on gas and oil. Wintershall's subsidiary Gasolin was merged with its sister company Aral in 1971. In 1987, Wintershall began operating the Mittelplate drilling platform on

473-605: The Büsum salt diapir were to ensure a faster exploitation of the field. The redevelopment plan also included construction of 7.5 km (4.7 mi) pipelines from the island to Friedrichskoog -Spitze and a 2.8 km (1.7 mi) pipeline to the Dieksand Land Station. This was expected to enable the Mittelplate consortium to transport up to 1 million tonnes or 7,550,000 barrels (1,200,000 m ) of oil

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516-765: The NSDAP elite and met the commander of the SS , Heinrich Himmler , personally on several occasions. The American military government considered Rosterg, as a member of “Himmler’s circle”, to be a “captain of industry under the National Socialist regime”. Under his management, Wintershall was fully integrated in the NS system and acted in accordance with its goals. In the 1930s, Wintershall took over Naphthaindustrie und Tankanlagen AG (NITAG) , renaming it NITAG Deutsche Treibstoffe AG in 1938. NITAG had already been " Aryanised " by

559-574: The World War I broke out. However, DEA drilled the world's first oil shaft – in Pechelbronn in Alsace – in 1917. Unlike extraction close to the surface or by means of wells, this involved the first-ever application of the complex shaft construction method, in which oil is “mined”. However, domestic oil production was not able to secure the company's survival and so DEA focused on coal mining until

602-505: The ordinary shares in Wintershall Dea. To consider the value of the midstream business of Wintershall Dea, BASF further received preference shares which results in a current overall participation of BASF of 72.7% in the entire share capital of the company. The preference shares will convert into ordinary shares of the Company on May 1, 2022, or upon an initial public offering, whichever comes earlier. Mittelplate Mittelplate

645-670: The post-war era , Wintershall lost a large oil refinery in Lützkendorf, some of its NITAG service stations and the potash shafts and works in Thuringia due to expropriation in the Soviet Occupation Zone . In 1951, Wintershall made its first natural gas discovery in Northern Germany. In 1951, Wintershall made its first natural gas discovery in northern Germany. In 1952, Wintershall and DEA AG acquired

688-638: The 1950s. In 1956, Wintershall and DEA contributed Deutsche Gasolin to Aral . However, DEA left the Aral Group in 1960 in order to build its own service station network. In 1963 an employee of DEA, Rudolf Dittrich, and his team in Wieze were instrumental in rescuing 14 miners who were trapped for many days in a collapsed coal mine in Lengede , Lower Saxony . They did so, together with others, by applying very innovative drilling techniques. The successful effort

731-692: The Borna branch in the administrative district of Leipzig and consisted of various lignite works, briquette factories, an earthenware factory and a brick factory in the region. The company was relocated to Hamburg in 1948. NITAG's headquarters at Mittelweg in the Hamburg district of Rotherbaum were closed as a result of the merger between Gasolin and Wintershall's subsidiary NITAG. DEA then moved into them. Its headquarters were then moved to Hamburg City Nord around 1970. DEA developed various new fields in Germany as part of expansion of domestic oil production in

774-619: The Mittelplate vicinity found oil in several sandstone layers. Due to the location of the field in an ecologically sensitive area, hydrographic, hydrodynamic and meteorological studies modelling storm, wave and ice-flow conditions were done, with the result that an artificial island holding a drilling and production facility was built in 1985. The oil in the Mittelplate field is trapped in Dogger (Middle Jurassic) sandstones of uppermost Aalenian to lowermost Callovian in age. The five main sandstone reservoir units, known from oldest to youngest as

817-609: The Wintershall Holding AG was transformed into Wintershall Holding GmbH. Wintershall participated in the construction of Nord Stream 1 and Nord Stream 2 pipelines. was the company's response to rising demand for natural gas and falling production in Europe. Together with Gazprom and E.ON Ruhrgas, 55 billion cubic meters of transport capacities were generated in 2011 with the Baltic Sea pipeline. Wintershall has

860-526: The alpha-sand, beta-sand, gamma-sand, delta-sand and epsilon-sand, are separated by intervening sandy claystones, not of reservoir quality. The trap is formed on the flank of the Büsum salt dome , with the hydrocarbons sealed up-dip by the edge of the salt dome. The overall top seal is provided by Lower Cretaceous mudstones. The source rock for the oil found at Mittelplate is thought to be the underlying Lower Jurassic Liassic organic-rich claystone. The island

903-490: The area and production in the field have been in accord with National Parks Law. However, Greenpeace along with World Wildlife Fund (WWF) have been active critics of the field development in Wattenmeer. The national park is home to nearly 4,000 species, 250 of which do not exist anywhere in the world but Wattenmeer. Up to 12 million migratory birds use the park—which is rich of mussels, worms, snails, and shrimp—as

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946-659: The beginning of 2014. One of them came from L1 Energy, a subsidiary of the LetterOne Group. The LetterOne Group is an investment company that is headquartered in Luxembourg and whose main owner (indirectly through the Alfa Group) is the Russian business magnate Mikhail Fridman . RWE reported on 16 March 2014 that it had in principle agreed with LetterOne to sell DEA. RWE Dea was valued at €5.1 billion as part of

989-414: The company's downstream business (refineries, logistics, service stations) was integrated into a joint venture with Shell named Shell & DEA Oil GmbH , which was taken over fully by Shell effective 1 July 2002. Since mid-2002, RWE-Dea has focused on upstream business. From 2004, most of the DEA service stations were reflagged to “Shell”, while some were sold. The last DEA service station in Germany

1032-488: The company's service stations once more bore the name “DEA”. After German reunification , the service station network was expanded to Eastern Germany . The chemicals division Condea was sold to the South African company Sasol in 2001. The joint venture Fuchs Dea Schmierstoffe GmbH & Co. KG between the partners Fuchs Petrolub AG and DEA Mineraloel AG was terminated effective 31 December 2001. In 2002,

1075-729: The deal. RWE announced on 30 March 2014 that the agreement with the LetterOne Group had been signed. In June, the German Federal Minister for Economic Affairs, Sigmar Gabriel , ordered an examination of the sale, which lasted for two months. The takeover was finally approved by the German government on 22 August 2014. In October 2014, the Financial Times reported that the British Secretary of State for Energy Edward Davey would not agree to

1118-701: The early 1930s. DEA benefited from the seizure of power by the National Socialists , such as in the form of loans under the Reich Drilling Programme from 1934 onwards. Greater self-sufficiency in German's supply of raw materials had been an official goal of the National Socialist state since Adolf Hitler's Four-Year Plan Memorandum in 1936. The company began production operations in Czechoslovakia and in Alsace by participating in consortia such as Kontinentale Öl AG , which

1161-549: The eastern part of the field directly from land on Dieksand / Friedrichskoog . The oil is piped from there to Brunsbüttel and onward to oil refineries in Hemmingstedt . The companies developing the field spent a substantial part of €670 million already invested over 20 years into industrial safety and environmental protection programs due to unique location of the field in Wattenmeer tidelands. Pipe-laying in

1204-401: The eastern part of the field. As per the development program, a pilot well and seven high-tech extended-reach wells measuring at 7,727 m (25,351 ft), 8,284 m (27,178 ft), 8,367 m (27,451 ft), 8,995 m (29,511 ft), 9,275 m (30,430 ft), 8,450 m (27,720 ft), 8,672 m (28,451 ft) and a 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) section cutting through

1247-556: The edge of the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park along with DEA in a 50:50 joint venture. More than 35 million tonnes of crude oil have been produced to date by the relatively small production island, which measures just 70 by 95 metres (230 by 312 ft). The Mittelplate offshore field contributes 55% to the German oil production. From the 1990s, Wintershall became increasingly involved in natural gas trading. An agreement on

1290-582: The field. Mittelplate field holds nearly 65% of Germany's crude oil reserves. The field was discovered in 1981 through the Mittelplate 1 well, which confirmed that the reservoir contained 75 million tonnes (83,000,000 tons) of crude oil. As early as the 1950s, geologists suspected the presence of oil off the German coast. Preliminary test drilling in the 1960s did indeed turn up indications of oil, though not in economically profitable quantities. The oil crisis of 1973 and 1979 raised awareness of indigenous oil sources. In 1980 and 1981, exploration wells in

1333-753: The majority in Deutsche Gasolin AG in connection with the construction of the Emsland oil refinery. In 1956, Wintershall's sales subsidiary NITAG was merged with Gasolin AG to create Deutsche Gasolin Nitag AG , after which Wintershall became a co-owner of Aral AG by contributing its shares in NITAG and Gasolin. In 1965, Wintershall took over Preussag 's shares in the Buggingen potash mine. In 1969,

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1376-746: The manufacture of mining machinery and equipment. In 1943, its subsidiaries and equity interests included Deutscher Mineralöl-Verkaufsverein GmbH in Berlin, Deutsche Viscobil Oel GmbH in Berlin and Braunkohle-Benzin AG (BRABAG) in Berlin. Its hard coal operations in 1938 comprised the Graf Bismarck Colliery in Gelsenkirchen and the Königsgrube Colliery in Wanne-Eickel . Lignite operations were grouped at

1419-480: The marketing of Russian natural gas in Germany was signed with the Russian producer Gazprom in the autumn of 1990. The cooperation between companies from the Russian and German was concluded shortly before German reunification. Wingas was founded in 1993 as a joint venture between Wintershall and Gazprom. European unbundling regulations meant that network operation and storage had to be split from natural gas trading and transferred to separate companies. Consequently,

1462-493: The new Wingas (natural gas trading only) and Wingas Transport were formed in 2010. As a result of an asset swap between BASF and Gazprom, the new Wingas and hence Wintershall's natural gas trading activities were fully transferred to Russian ownership in 2015. Alongside that move, the remaining company Wingas Transport was renamed Gascade in 2012. Gascade is part of the joint venture WIGA Transport Beteiligungs-GmbH & Co. KG (WIGA) between Wintershall Dea and Gazprom. In 2010

1505-725: The pipeline transporting crude oil ashore and €50 million was spent on construction of a new T-150 drilling rig . Starting from October 1987, the field has been tapped in several sandstone layers at depths reaching 2,000–3,000 m (6,600–9,800 ft). The size of the deposit was adjusted upward to over 100 million tons, of which 15 million tons were extracted by June 2005. The annual production of Mittelplate Island amounts to 900,000 tons of oil (about 18,100 barrels of oil per day). Under prevailing conditions, about 40 million tons are still economically extractable. Since 2000, nearly horizontal wells (some up to about 9,200 metres [30,200 ft] long) have been extracting from

1548-576: The potash shafts drilled in the Werra Valley numbered seven in Hesse and 21 in Thuringia . In 1930, crude oil production was added to Wintershall's line of work when a leakage of crude oil into one of the potash shafts in Völkenrode turned out to be a promising prospect for Wintershall. The increasing motorization as well as the subsequent gathering of munitions for the war meant that crude oil

1591-597: The sale in view of the tighter sanctions imposed on Russia . The multi-billion transaction was finally closed, despite the misgivings of the British government, at the start of the first week in March 2015. A binding agreement to merge DEA and Wintershall was published on 27 September 2018. The merger was carried out with official approval in May 2019. It created Europe's leading independent gas and oil company. BASF holds 67% of Wintershall Dea and LetterOne holds 33% of

1634-547: The time it was taken over, with the Jewish family Kahan no longer holding any shares in the company from 1932 at the latest. As a result, NITAG became the main sales subsidiary for mineral oil products alongside Mihag , Wiesöl and Wintershall Mineralöl GmbH . Forced labourers were increasingly used during World War II. 1360 internees from the Buchenwald concentration camp had to work at Wintershall's Lützkendorf plant. In

1677-516: Was an international oil and gas company headquartered in Hamburg , Germany . It was a subsidiary of L1 Energy . In 2018, DEA owned stakes in oil and gas licenses in various countries and operated natural gas underground storage facilities in Germany. DEA is a derivation from Deutsche Erdöl-Aktiengesellschaft , the original name of the company. On 1 May 2019, DEA merged with Wintershall to form Wintershall Dea . Deutsche Tiefbohr-Actiengesellschaft

1720-532: Was founded in Berlin on 10 January 1899. In 1900 the headquarter was relocated to Nordhausen . The new company specialised in all types of mineral oil product and, among other things, raw lignite , briquettes for domestic heating and industry, lignite tar and paraffin . Its managing director was the Krefeld businessman Rudolf Nöllenburg. It first struck oil with a well of its own in 1901, in 1906 crude oil

1763-499: Was founded in 1941. In 1937/1938, Jewish members were excluded from the management board and supervisory board. DEA also employed forced labourers on a large scale. The precise ties between company management and the NS regime have not yet been investigated. At the time, the company's business activities covered a large part of the production and supply chain: extraction, processing and utilisation of mineral oil products and their resale, acquisition of and trading in mining rights, and

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1806-536: Was located in Haltern ; Shell AG continued running it so that it could secure the rights to the “DEA” trademark permanently. The service station was closed in 2017 and replaced by an old Shell service station with the DEA branding in Lichtenfels . In March 2013, RWE announced its intention to sell DEA and use the proceeds to pay some of its €33 billion in debt. RWE received at least three bids in an auction up to

1849-466: Was very much in demand. Hence, from then on Wintershall concentrated on developing crude oil resources. Wintershall benefited extensively from expropriation in Nazi Germany , the use of forced labourers and concentration camp internees, and from the politically active role of August Rosterg, who ran the company from World War I to the end of World War II . Rosterg maintained close ties with

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