Model humanity:
26-812: (Redirected from Wu Shu ) [REDACTED] Look up wushu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wushu may refer to: Martial arts [ edit ] Chinese martial arts , the various martial arts of China Wushu (sport) , a modern exhibition of traditional Chinese martial arts Wushu stances , five key stances utilized in both contemporary wushu and traditional wushu Other topics [ edit ] Chinese shamanism ( 巫术 ; 巫術 ; wūshù ) Wushu Township , Wan'an County, Jiangxi, China Countless ( 无数 ; wúshù ), 2022 Mandopop album by Joker Xue Run and Kill ( 烏鼠 ; wū shŭ ), 1993 Hong Kong film "Five Rats" ( 五鼠 ; wŭshŭ ), major characters in
52-495: A Taoist Association membership card to be legitimate under the law. The term shamanism and the religion itself has been critiqued by Western scholars due to an unfair and limited comparison to more favored religions such as Christianity and other modern and more documented religions in Western society. Spirit mediums are often viewed as scammers, and are frequently portrayed as such in television shows and comedies. Along with
78-587: A magus or magician The Chinese religion from the Shang dynasty onwards developed around ancestral worship . The main gods from this period are not forces of nature in the Sumerian way, but deified virtuous men. The ancestors of the emperors were called di ( 帝 ), and the greatest of them was called Shangdi ( 上帝 , "the Highest Lord"). He is identified with the dragon ( Kui 夔 ), symbol of
104-720: A Sino-Tibetan root * mjaɣ "magician; sorcerer" for Chinese wu < mju < * mjag 巫 "magician; shaman" and Written Tibetan 'ba'-po "sorcerer" and 'ba'-mo "sorcereress" (of the Bön religion). Further connections are to the bu-mo priests of Zhuang Shigongism and the bi-mo priests of Bimoism , the Yi indigenous faith. Also Korean mu 무 (of Muism ) is cognate to Chinese wu 巫 . Schuessler lists some etymologies: wu could be cognate with wu 舞 "to dance"; wu could also be cognate with mu 母 "mother" since wu , as opposed to xi 覡 , were typically female; wu could be
130-442: A loanword from Iranian * maghu or * maguš "magi; magician", meaning an "able one; specialist in ritual". Mair (1990) provides archaeological and linguistic evidence that Chinese wu < * m ag 巫 "shaman; witch, wizard; magician" was maybe a loanword from Old Persian * maguš "magician; magi ". Mair connects the nearly identical Chinese Bronze script for wu and Western heraldic cross potent ☩ , an ancient symbol of
156-523: A very fluid and diverse belief system". Shamanism is practiced in Northeast China and is considered different from those of central and southern Chinese folk religion, as it resulted from the interaction of Han religion with folk religion practices of other Tungusic people such as Manchu shamanism . The shaman would perform various ritual functions for groups of believers and local communities, such as moon drum dance and chūmǎxiān (出馬仙 "riding for
182-468: Is a near-synonym of wu . Modern Chinese distinguishes native wu from " Siberian shaman ": saman 薩滿 or saman 薩蠻 ; and from Indian Shramana "wandering monk; ascetic": shamen 沙門 , sangmen 桑門 , or sangmen 喪門 . Berthold Laufer (1917:370) proposed an etymological relation between Turkic bögü "shaman", Chinese bu , wu (shaman), buk , puk (to divine), and Tibetan aba (pronounced ba , sorcerer). Coblin (1986:107) puts forward
208-839: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages wushu [REDACTED] Look up wushu in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wushu may refer to: Martial arts [ edit ] Chinese martial arts , the various martial arts of China Wushu (sport) , a modern exhibition of traditional Chinese martial arts Wushu stances , five key stances utilized in both contemporary wushu and traditional wushu Other topics [ edit ] Chinese shamanism ( 巫术 ; 巫術 ; wūshù ) Wushu Township , Wan'an County, Jiangxi, China Countless ( 无数 ; wúshù ), 2022 Mandopop album by Joker Xue Run and Kill ( 烏鼠 ; wū shŭ ), 1993 Hong Kong film "Five Rats" ( 五鼠 ; wŭshŭ ), major characters in
234-517: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chinese shamanism Main philosophical traditions: Ritual traditions: Devotional traditions: Salvation churches and sects : Confucian churches and sects: Chinese shamanism , alternatively called Wuism ( Chinese : 巫教 ; pinyin : wū jiào ; lit. ' wu religion', ' shamanism ', ' witchcraft '; alternatively 巫觋宗教 wū xí zōngjiào ), refers to
260-568: The Spring and Autumn period was particularly fond of wuist practices and rituals. This is reflected in their poetry, calligraphy, artworks and lacquerware , which often portrayed ethereal and mythological elements that are not otherwise found in the relics of other contemporary states. The Manchu rulers of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912) introduced substantial elements of Tungusic shamanism to China. Hong Taiji (1592–1643) put shamanistic practices in
286-463: The oracle bones , a rational way. The Zhou dynasty , succeeding the Shang, was more rooted in an agricultural worldview. They opposed the ancestor-gods of the Shang, and gods of nature became dominant. The utmost power in this period was named Tian ( 天 , "heaven"). With Di ( 地 , "earth") he forms the whole cosmos in a complementary duality. The Chu kingdom (c. 1030 BC – 223 BC) of
SECTION 10
#1732771932265312-569: The shamanic religious tradition of China . Its features are especially connected to the ancient Neolithic cultures such as the Hongshan culture . Chinese shamanic traditions are intrinsic to Chinese folk religion . Various ritual traditions are rooted in original Chinese shamanism: contemporary Chinese ritual masters are sometimes identified as wu by outsiders, though most orders don't self-identify as such. Also Taoism has some of its origins from Chinese shamanism: it developed around
338-500: The universal power ( qi ). Cosmic powers dominate nature: the Sun , the Moon , stars, winds and clouds were considered informed by divine energies. The earth god is She ( 社 ) or Tu ( 土 ). The Shang period had two methods to enter in contact with divine ancestors: the first is the numinous-mystical wu ( 巫 ) practice, involving dances and trances; and the second is the method of
364-642: The Chinese novel The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants See also [ edit ] Wuzhu (died 1148), prince and general of the Jin dynasty Age of Wushu , a 2012 free-to-play 3D martial arts video game Wu shu (historical text) Wushu in Singapore Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wushu . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
390-471: The Chinese novel The Seven Heroes and Five Gallants See also [ edit ] Wuzhu (died 1148), prince and general of the Jin dynasty Age of Wushu , a 2012 free-to-play 3D martial arts video game Wu shu (historical text) Wushu in Singapore Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Wushu . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
416-763: The Qianlong Emperor ordered the code translated into Chinese for inclusion in the Complete Library of the Four Treasuries . The Manchu version was printed in 1778, whereas the Chinese-language edition, titled Qinding Manzhou jishen jitian dianli ( 欽定滿洲祭神祭天典禮 ), was completed in 1780 or 1782. Even though this "Shamanic Code" did not fully unify shamanic practice among the Bannermen, it "helped systematize and reshape what had been
442-532: The effect of this policy. Mongols and Han Chinese were forbidden to attend shamanic ceremonies. Partly because of their secret aspect, these rituals attracted the curiosity of Beijing dwellers and visitors to the Qing capital. French Jesuit Joseph-Marie Amiot published a study on the Shamanic Code , " Rituels des Tartares Mandchous déterminés et fixés par l'empereur comme chef de sa religion " (1773). In 1777
468-640: The focus on science, modern medicine, and material culture in China (which created serious doubt in spiritual practices), shamanism is viewed as an opposition to the modern focus of science and medicine in the pursuit of modernizing. The marginalization of shamanism is one of the reasons for it mostly being practiced in rural or less developed areas or in small towns, along with the lack of enforcement of anti-shamanism policies among authorities in rural areas (either because they believe in Shamanism themselves or "look
494-419: The immortals"). Shamanism saw a decline due to Neo-Confucianism labeling it as untutored and disorderly. During Maoist China all religious practices disappeared from public spaces. While spirit mediums have begun reappearing (mostly in rural China) since the 1980s, they operate with a low profile, often working from their homes, relying on word of mouth to generate business, or in newly built temples under
520-470: The late Zhou dynasty (1045-256 BCE) wu was used to specify "female shaman ; sorceress" as opposed to xi 覡 "male shaman; sorcerer" (which first appears in the 4th century BCE Guoyu ). Other sex-differentiated shaman names include nanwu 男巫 for "male shaman; sorcerer; wizard"; and nüwu 女巫 , wunü 巫女 , wupo 巫婆 , and wuyu 巫嫗 for "female shaman; sorceress; witch". The word tongji 童乩 (lit. "youth diviner") "shaman; spirit-medium"
546-399: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wushu&oldid=1233061023 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description
SECTION 20
#1732771932265572-399: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wushu&oldid=1233061023 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text Articles containing Chinese-language text Short description
598-510: The other way in concession to local beliefs"). Shamanistic practices today include controlling the weather, healing diseases modern medicine can not treat, exorcism of ghosts and demons, and seeing or divining the future. Shamanism's decrease in popularity is not reflected in all areas. It still maintains popularity in many areas in southern China (such as in Chaoshan ) and rural northern China. Taiwan (although Taiwan tried to ban Shamanism, in
624-426: The pursuit of long life ( shou 壽 / 寿 ), or the status of a xian ( 仙 , "mountain man", "holy man"). The Chinese word wu 巫 "shaman, wizard", indicating a person who can mediate with the powers generating things (the etymological meaning of "spirit", "god", or nomen agentis , virtus , energeia ), was first recorded during the Shang dynasty (ca. 1600-1046 BCE), when a wu could be either sex. During
650-471: The service of the state, notably by forbidding others to erect new shrines ( tangse ) for ritual purposes. In the 1620s and 1630s, the Qing ruler conducted shamanic sacrifices at the tangse of Mukden , the Qing capital. In 1644, as soon as the Qing seized Beijing to begin their conquest of China , they named it their new capital and erected an official shamanic shrine there. In the Beijing tangse and in
676-571: The women's quarters of the Forbidden City , Qing emperors and professional shamans (usually women) conducted shamanic ceremonies until the abdication of the dynasty in 1912. In 1747 the Qianlong Emperor (r. 1735–1796) commissioned the publication of a Shamanic Code to revive and regulate shamanic practices, which he feared were becoming lost. He had it distributed to Bannermen to guide their practice, but we know very little about
#264735