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City of Wyndham

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45-608: The City of Wyndham is a local government area in Victoria, Australia in the outer south-western suburbs of Melbourne , within the Melbourne Metropolitan Area, between Melbourne and the regional city of Geelong . It has an area of 542 square kilometres (209 sq mi). The city had a population of 292,011 as of the 2021 census . For the year to 2018 the City of Wyndham increased its population by 14,251,

90-588: A unitary authority , but the Australian Bureau of Statistics refers to the whole of the ACT as an unincorporated area. The ACT Government directorate Transport Canberra & City Services handles responsibilities that are under the purview of local government in other parts of Australia, such as local road maintenance, libraries and waste collection. Many Canberra districts have community organisations called "community councils", but these are not part of

135-591: A geographic or historical interpretation. The council board members are generally known as councillors , and the head councillor is called the mayor . As of August 2016, there were 547 local councils in Australia. Despite the single tier of local governance in Australia, there are a number of extensive regions with relatively low populations that are not a part of any established LGA. Powers of local governments in these unincorporated areas may be exercised by special-purpose governing bodies established outside of

180-545: A larger workload. The growth of the Regional Organisations of Councils has also been a factor in local government reform in Australia. In 1995, there were 50 such agreements across the country. A 2002 study identified 55 ROCs with the largest involving 18 councils. Local government powers are determined by state governments, and states have primary responsibility for funding and exclusive responsibility for supervision of local councils. Local government

225-1349: A majority in no state and an overall minority of 2,335,741 votes. Not carried Local Government [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Local Government) § Results Result  State Electoral roll Ballots issued For Against Informal Vote % Vote % New South Wales 3,564,856 3,297,246 1,033,364 31.70 2,226,529 68.30 37,353 Victoria 2,697,096 2,491,183 882,020 36.06 1,563,957 63.94 45,206 Queensland 1,693,247 1,552,293 590,868 38.31 951,332 61.69 10,093 South Australia 937,974 873,511 256,421 29.85 602,499 70.15 14,591 Western Australia 926,636 845,209 247,830 29.76 584,863 70.24 12,516 Tasmania 302,324 282,785 76,707 27.50 202,214 72.50 3,864 Australian Capital Territory  166,131 149,128 58,755 39.78 88,945 60.22 1,428 Northern Territory  74,695 56,370 21,449 38.80 33,826 61.20 1,095 Total for Commonwealth 10,362,959 9,537,725 3,163,488 33.61 6,248,166 66.39 126,071 Results Obtained

270-1355: A majority in no state and an overall minority of 2,335,741 votes. Not carried Rights and Freedoms [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Rights and Freedoms) § Results Result  State Electoral roll Ballots issued For Against Informal Vote % Vote % New South Wales 3,564,856 3,297,246 965,045 29.65 2,289,645 70.35 42,556 Victoria 2,697,096 2,491,183 816,057 33.42 1,625,484 66.58 49,642 Queensland 1,693,247 1,552,293 506,710 32.90 1,033,645 67.10 11,938 South Australia 937,974 873,511 223,038 26.01 634,438 73.99 16,035 Western Australia 926,636 845,209 233,917 28.14 597,322 71.86 13,970 Tasmania 302,324 282,785 70,987 25.49 207,486 74.51 4,312 Australian Capital Territory  166,131 149,128 60,064 40.71 87,460 59.29 1,604 Northern Territory  74,695 56,370 20,503 37.14 34,699 62.86 1,168 Total for Commonwealth 10,362,959 9,537,725 2,892,828 30.79 6,503,752 69.21 141,145 Results Obtained

315-1346: A majority in no state and an overall minority of 3,217,670 votes. Not carried Fair Elections [ edit ] This section is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Fair Elections) § Results Result  State Electoral roll Ballots issued For Against Informal Vote % Vote % New South Wales 3,564,856 3,297,246 1,159,713 35.57 2,100,604 64.43 36,929 Victoria 2,697,096 2,491,183 981,508 40.12 1,465,119 59.88 44,556 Queensland 1,693,247 1,552,293 691,492 44.83 850,979 55.17 9,822 South Australia 937,974 873,511 263,006 30.61 596,102 69.39 14,403 Western Australia 926,636 845,209 266,639 32.02 566,145 67.98 12,425 Tasmania 302,324 282,785 80,608 28.89 198,372 71.11 3,805 Australian Capital Territory  166,131 149,128 76,815 51.99 70,937 48.01 1,376 Northern Territory  74,695 56,370 23,763 42.99 31,512 57.01 1,095 Total for Commonwealth 10,362,959 9,537,725 3,538,817 37.59 5,874,558 62.41 124,350 Results Obtained

360-534: A majority in no state and an overall minority of 3,610,924 votes. Not carried See also [ edit ] Referendums in Australia Politics of Australia History of Australia References [ edit ] ^ Handbook of the 44th Parliament (2014) "Part 5 - Referendums and Plebiscites - Referendum results" . Parliamentary Library of Australia . ^ Following

405-403: A shift from 'services to property' towards 'services to people'. Community expectations of local government in Australia have risen in the 21st century partly as a result of wider participation in decision-making and transparent management practices. Recent years have seen some State governments devolving additional powers onto LGAs. In Queensland and Western Australia LGAs have been granted

450-1208: Is an excerpt from 1988 Australian referendum (Parliamentary Terms) § Result Result  State Electoral roll Ballots issued For Against Informal Vote % Vote % New South Wales 3,564,856 3,297,246 1,032,621 31.66 2,228,503 68.34 36,122 Victoria 2,697,096 2,491,183 886,128 36.20 1,561,759 63.80 43,296 Queensland 1,693,247 1,552,293 542,414 35.15 1,000,124 64.84 9,755 South Australia 937,974 873,511 229,938 26.76 629,454 73.24 14,119 Western Australia 926,636 845,209 255,556 30.67 577,555 69.33 12,098 Tasmania 302,324 282,785 70,698 25.34 208,297 74.66 3,790 Australian Capital Territory  166,131 149,128 64,458 43.62 83,328 56.38 1,342 Northern Territory  74,695 56,370 21,092 38.13 34,222 61.87 1,056 Total for Commonwealth 10,362,959 9,537,725 3,099,270 32.91 6,316,940 67.09 121,515 Results Obtained

495-459: Is divided into three wards (Chaffey, Harrison and Iramoo) and is represented by eleven elected councillors. The Victorian Electoral Commission undertook a representation review in 2011–2012, which resulted in the former Truganina ward being renamed Harrison ward. Ward boundaries were also redrawn. The council has adopted a portfolio system for councillors from 2013 onward. Victorian Local Government elections were held on Saturday 24 October 2020 and

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540-481: Is home to numerous new housing estates in suburbs such as Williams Landing , Point Cook , Wyndham Vale , Truganina , Tarneit and Manor Lakes . The following table presents data from official census and other publications by the Australian Bureau of Statistics : * Estimates in 1958, 1983 and 1988 Victorian Year Books. # Excludes Altona Shire which was severed in 1957. Source: 1958 Victorian Year Book. ^ Based on 2011 Census data. The City of Wyndham

585-531: Is mentioned in the annotated Australian constitution, as a department of the State Governments, and they are mentioned in the constitutions of each of the six states. Under the Constitution, the federal government cannot provide funding directly to local governments; a 1974 referendum sought to amend the Constitution to authorise the federal government to directly fund local governments, but it

630-447: Is part of a local government area. Unincorporated areas are often in remote locations, cover vast areas, or have very small populations. Queensland and Tasmania are entirely partitioned into LGAs and have no unincorporated areas. The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) has no municipalities. The ACT government is responsible for both state-level and local-level matters. In some countries, such an arrangement would be referred to as

675-504: Is subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state/territory it belongs to. The functions and practices of local councils are mostly centered around managing public services and land uses at the community level, and are similar throughout Australia, but can vary to some degree between jurisdictions. State departments oversee the activities of local councils and may intervene in their affairs when needed, subject to relevant legislation. For more details in each state and territory, see

720-640: Is the City of Brisbane , the most populous LGA in the country, which administers a significant part of the Brisbane metropolitan area . In most cases, when a city's population statistics are used, it is the statistical division population rather than the local government area. The following table provides a summary of local government areas by states and territories by local government area types as of December 2023: The Australian Classification of Local Governments (ACLG) categorises local governing authorities using

765-583: Is the third level of government in Australia , administered with limited autonomy under the states and territories , and in turn beneath the federal government . Local government is not mentioned in the Constitution of Australia , and two referendums in 1974 and 1988 to alter the Constitution relating to local government were unsuccessful. Every state/territory government recognises local government in its own respective constitution . Unlike

810-664: The Local Government Act does not mandate adopting a designation, some local government areas are legally known simply as "council", such as Port Macquarie-Hastings Council , Inner West Council and Federation Council . Some rural areas in South Australia are known as "district council", and all the LGAs in Tasmania that were previously municipalities have been renamed "council". Almost all local councils have

855-1342: The Outback Communities Authority . Victoria has a number of unincorporated areas which are not part of any LGA: Western Australia has two unincorporated areas: 1988 Australian referendum#Local Government Referendum on proposed amendments to the Constitution of Australia The 1988 Australian referendum was held on 3 September 1988. It contained four referendum questions, none of which passed. Results  Question NSW Vic Qld SA WA Tas ACT   NT   States in favour Voters in favour Result (39) Parliamentary Terms 32% 36% 35% 27% 31% 25% 44% 38% 0:6 33% Not carried (40) Fair Elections 36% 40% 45% 31% 32% 29% 52% 43% 0:6 38% Not carried (41) Local Government 32% 36% 38% 30% 30% 28% 40% 39% 0:6 34% Not carried (42) Rights and Freedoms 30% 33% 33% 26% 28% 25% 41% 37% 0:6 31% Not carried Results in detail [ edit ] Parliamentary Terms [ edit ] This section

900-735: The Pastoral Unincorporated Area in South Australia . Local governments are subdivisions of the six federated states as well as the Northern Territory . The Australian Capital Territory has no separate local government, and municipal functions in Canberra and the surrounding regions (normally performed by local governments in other states) are performed by the ACT territorial government. The Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), however, considers

945-805: The Top End region, the Northern Territory Rates Act Area and Darwin Waterfront Precinct within Darwin , Nhulunbuy on the Gove Peninsula , Alyangula on Groote Eylandt , and Yulara in Central Australia . In South Australia , 63% of the state's area is unincorporated. Residents in this area – less than 0.2% of the state's population – receive municipal services provided by a state agency,

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990-453: The entire ACT as an " unincorporated " local government area, even though it is technically a state-level administrative region . Although all essentially identical in functions and jurisdictions, Australian local governments have a variety of different titles. The term "local government area" (LGA) is used by the ABS to collectively refer to all local government administrative zones regardless of

1035-504: The first half of the 20th century was the provision of physical infrastructure such as roads, bridges and sewerage. From the 1970s the emphasis changed to community facilities such as libraries and parks, maintenance of local roads, town planning and development approvals, and local services such as waste disposal. Child care, tourism and urban renewal were also beginning to be part of local governments' role. These are financed by collection of local land taxes known as "rates", and grants from

1080-448: The first time. Significant reforms took place in the 1980s and 1990s in which state governments used metrics and efficiency analysis developed within the private sector in the local government arena. Each state conducted an inquiry into the benefits of council amalgamations during the 1990s. In the early 1990s, Victoria saw the number of local councils reduced from 210 to 78. South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland saw some reductions in

1125-413: The following were elected as councilors: The 2021 census, the city had a population of 292,011 up from 217,122 in the 2016 census ^ - Territory divided with another LGA * - Not noted in 2016 Census 37°54′S 144°40′E  /  37.900°S 144.667°E  / -37.900; 144.667 Local government in Australia [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Local government

1170-415: The following: The Australian Capital Territory is not divided into local government areas, so it is regarded as a single "unincorporated" local government area during censusing . Unlike many other countries, Australia has only one level of local government immediately beneath state and territorial governments. Aside from very sparsely populated areas and a few other special cases, almost all of Australia

1215-501: The government (though they generally receive government funding). They do not have the power to change laws or policies, and their role is limited to advising government. They are effectively residents' associations . New South Wales has three unincorporated areas: In the Northern Territory , 1.47% of the total area and 3.0% of the population are in unincorporated areas. These include the Cox-Daly and Marrakai-Douglas Daly areas in

1260-554: The largest number of any LGA in Victoria, as well as being the second most populous and the second fastest growing at a rate of 5.9 per cent. The Wyndham District was first incorporated as a local government entity on 6 October 1862. Under changes made to Local Government legislation, it became the Shire of Wyndham on 7 March 1864 and was renamed the Shire of Werribee on 15 December 1909. With an initial size of 715 square kilometres (276 sq mi) and being largely rural in character,

1305-628: The local legislation, as with Victoria 's alpine resorts ; or directly administered by state/territory governments, such as the entirety of the Australian Capital Territory . The administrative area covered by local government councils in Australia ranges from as small as 1.5 km (0.58 sq mi) for the Shire of Peppermint Grove in the Perth metropolitan region , to as big as 624,339 km (241,059 sq mi) for

1350-553: The mayor is elected by the board of fellow councillors . The powers of mayors vary as well; for example, mayors in Queensland have broad executive functions, whereas mayors in New South Wales are essentially ceremonial figureheads who can only exercise power at the discretion of the council. Most of the capital city LGAs administer only the central business districts and nearby central suburbs . A notable exception

1395-631: The names of LGAs, and today the stylised titles of " town ", " borough ", " municipality ", " district ", " region ", "community government", " Aboriginal council/shire" and "island" are used in addition. The word "municipality" occurs in some states with differing meanings: in New South Wales it is typically used for older urban areas, and the word is used for some rural towns in South Australia . Larger towns and small metropolitan exurban centres in Queensland and Western Australia simply use

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1440-649: The number of local governments while Western Australia and New South Wales rejected compulsory mergers. New South Wales eventually forced the merging of some councils. The main purpose of amalgamating councils was for greater efficiency and to improve operations, but forced amalgamation of councils is sometimes seen as a dilution of representative democracy . An increase in the range of services offered by councils, but only minor cost savings of less than 10% have been noted by academics as outcomes after mergers. The council mergers have resulted in widespread job losses and lingering resentment from some whose roles have experienced

1485-619: The part of local governments. There is no mention of local government in the Constitution of Australia , though it is mentioned several times in the Annotated Constitution of Australia. "Municipal institutions and local government" appears in Annotation 447, and "Power of the Parliament of a Colony" appears under "Residuary Legislative Powers" on pages 935 and 936. The first official local government in Australia

1530-818: The population, the population density and the proportion of the population that is classified as being urban for the council. The classification, at the two-digit level, is: All local governments are approximately equal in their theoretical powers, although LGAs that encompass large cities such as Brisbane and the Gold Coast command more resources due to their larger population base. Unlike local governments in many other countries, services such as police, fire protection and schools are provided by respective state or territory governments rather than by local councils. However, local governments still maintain some responsibility for fire service functions within Queensland and Western Australia. The councils' chief responsibility in

1575-414: The power to independently enact their own local subsidiary legislation , in contrast to the previous system of by-laws . Councils also have organised their own representative structures such as Local Government Associations and Regional Organisations of Councils . Doctrines of New Public Management have shaped state government legislation towards increased freedoms aiming to allow greater flexibility on

1620-538: The purpose of raising money to build roads in rural and outer-urban regions. Council representatives attended conventions before Federation , however local government was unquestionably regarded as outside the Constitutional realm. In the 1970s, the Whitlam government expanded the level of funding to local governments in Australia beyond grants for road construction. General purpose grants become available for

1665-408: The same administrative functions and similar political structures, regardless of their naming, and retain a particular designation ("shire", "borough", "town", "city") for historical reasons only. They will typically have an elected council and usually a mayor or shire president responsible for chairing meetings of the council. In some councils, the mayor is a directly elected figure, but in most cases

1710-506: The shire ceded land to metropolitan Melbourne as suburban development encroached. On 6 January 1922 and 5 February 1941, the City of Footscray annexed two parcels of land totalling about 700 hectares. On 20 February 1957, the Altona Riding of the Shire of Werribee was severed and incorporated as the Shire of Altona , which became a City eleven years later. After this, the boundaries remained fairly stable, and on 20 March 1987 Werribee

1755-493: The state and Commonwealth governments. They are caricatured as being concerned only with the "three Rs": Rates, Roads and Rubbish. However, the roles of local government areas in Australia have recently expanded as higher levels of government have devolved activities to the third tier. Examples include the provision of community health services, regional airports and pollution control as well as community safety and accessible transport. The changes in services has been described as

1800-565: The term "town", while in Victoria they are designated as "rural city". Historically, the word "borough" was common for small towns and suburban centers in Victoria, but nowadays only the Borough of Queenscliffe remains as the one and only borough in the entire country. New South Wales and Queensland have also introduced a new term "region" for outback LGAs formed by the amalgamation of smaller shires and rural cities. In New South Wales, where

1845-756: The two-tier local government system in Canada or the United States , there is only one tier of local government in each Australian state/territory, with no distinction between counties and cities . The Australian local government is generally run by a council , and its territory of public administration is referred to generically by the Australian Bureau of Statistics as the local government area or LGA , each of which encompasses multiple suburbs or localities (roughly equivalent to neighborhoods) often of different postcodes ; however, stylised terms such as "city", " borough ", " region " and " shire " also have

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1890-501: The varying designations, whilst the local governing legislature itself is generally known as a council . In general, an urban / suburban LGA is called a " city ", as in the City of Melbourne , City of Canada Bay and City of Bunbury ; while an exurban / rural LGA covering a larger agricultural / natural area is usually called a " shire ", as in Shire of Mornington Peninsula , Shire of Banana and Lachlan Shire . Sometimes designations other than "city" or "shire" are used in

1935-539: Was defeated. A 1988 referendum sought to explicitly insert mention of local government in the federal constitution but this was comprehensively defeated. A further referendum was proposed in 2013 , but was cancelled due to the change in the election date . Federal government interaction with local councils happens regularly through the provision of federal grants to help fund local government managed projects. Local government in Australia has very limited legislative powers and no judicial powers , and executive -wise

1980-399: Was proclaimed a City. On 15 December 1994, during major restructuring of Victoria's local governments, Werribee changed less than most – losing only some rural land around Exford in its north to the Shire of Melton , and Laverton Reserve on its eastern boundary to the City of Hobsons Bay . After 85 years of being known as Werribee, the area's former name of Wyndham was restored. The City

2025-621: Was the Perth Town Trust , established in 1838, only three years after British settlement. The Adelaide Corporation followed, created by the province of South Australia in October 1840. The City of Melbourne and the Sydney Corporation followed, both in 1842. All of these early forms failed; it was not until the 1860s and 1870s that the various colonies established widespread stable forms of local government, mainly for

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