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37-534: The T-84 Oplot is an advanced version incorporating an armoured ammunition compartment in a new turret bustle. Ten of these entered Ukrainian service in 2001. The T-84-120 Yatagan is a prototype model intended for export, mounting a 120 mm gun able to fire NATO-standard tank ammunition and anti-tank guided missiles . After the adoption of the T-80 tank, the Soviets began improving its design. The disadvantages of

74-451: A maximum on-road speed of 70 kilometres per hour (43 mph) and a range of 500 kilometres (311 mi) with added fuel tanks. The tank is also equipped with a diesel-electric auxiliary power unit 10 kilowatts (13 hp) to supply power to onboard systems when the main engine is off. BM Oplot is equipped with torsion bar suspension . Either side of the six dual rubber-tyred road wheels are provided with idler at forward, drive sprocket at

111-489: A short, metallic stub case with an elastomeric sealing ring which allows the use of a normal sliding wedge type of breech and at the same time significantly reduces the weight of the rounds. Thus, a round of 120 mm Rheinmetall APFSDS ammunition has a mass of 19.8 kg, which is little more than the 18 kg mass of a typical 105 mm APFSDS round with the traditional metallic cartridge case. There are different ways to measure APFSDS penetration value. NATO uses

148-405: Is claimed to be −40 to 55 °C). The BM Oplot is a further development of the prior T-84 Oplot. The tank has a conventional layout with the driver's compartment at the front, fighting compartment in the middle and engine at the rear, accommodating a crew of three. The driver sitting in the centre is provided with a single-piece hatch cover that opens to the right. The commander on the right and

185-447: Is fed by a loading system equipped with conveyor, automatic loader, and control system. The ammunition includes high explosive fragmentation (HE-FRAG), armour-piercing fin-stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) kinetic energy penetrator , and high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT). The main gun can also fire a laser-guided missile against armoured ground vehicles and hovering helicopters within the range of 5,000m. The missile can be fired on

222-576: Is used with the T-72 B tank series since 1985. The Refleks appeared in 1992 and was installed in T-90 tank series. It has also been produced by the People's Republic of China for use with its Type 99 tank . The Indian defence ministry has signed a contract with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), a public sector company under Department of Defence Production, for supplying Invar Anti Tank Guided Missiles to

259-603: The Ob. 476  [ ru ] , and so lost favor. The Ob. 478M was a more sophisticated model than the Ob. 478. Improvements included the Sistema fire control system , Shatter active protection system , and a 1,500 hp diesel engine. This too was abandoned as it was considered too costly. After the death of Ustinov in 1984, the strength of the design bureau of the LKZ began to weaken and

296-628: The River Svir , while Refleks means reflex . The first guided anti-tank missile system fired from smoothbore 125 mm tank guns, the 9K112 Kobra , appeared on Soviet T-64B tanks in 1976. However, they were incompatible with the autoloader of the T-72 tanks (while the T-64 also had an autoloader, it was very different from the one in T-72), so the new missile system was developed for T-72. The Svir

333-421: The gas-turbine engine were readily apparent, and so several design projects were initiated to adopt a diesel alternative. Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) began work in 1975 with a diesel 2V16 1500 hp engine on a T-80B chassis. This was designated the Ob. 219RD. Work was not completed until 1983. The design bureau at Omsk Transport Engineering Design Bureau developed a test bed, called the Ob. 644, powered by

370-530: The 4th Cavalry battalion (Royal Guard at Kiakkai, Bangkok), the 8th Cavalry battalion (Fort Suranari, Nakhon Ratchasima), and the 9th Cavalry battalion (Fort Ekathotsarot, Phitsanuloke). In April 2017, it was reported that following the delayed deliveries from this tank, the Royal Thai Army was expected to decline the remainder of the sale and acquired the Chinese VT-4 main battle tank instead of

407-559: The 50% (This means that 50% of the shell had to go through the plate), while the Soviet/Russian standard is higher (80% had to go through). 111 m/s (at 1000 m) 123 m/s (at 2000 m) 135 m/s (at 2000 m) 4.32 kg or 4.37 kg ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip Section ⌀25 x 100 mm gravity. The visible difference between the two cartridges is the Ammunition Data Link (ADL) interface rings on

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444-557: The Cold War Background: History of the tank , Tank classification 120%C3%97570mm NATO 120×570mm NATO tank ammunition (4.7 inch), also known as 120×570mmR , is a common, NATO -standard (STANAG 4385), tank gun semi-combustible cartridge used by 120mm smoothbore guns, superseding the earlier 105×617mmR cartridge used in NATO-standard rifled tank guns. The 120×570   R cartridge

481-640: The French Thomson company, an FN Herstal machine gun, automatic transmission, a 6TD-2 diesel engine with 1200hp and FCS taken from Oplot. In total, three 120mm guns of different designs were tested on the tank. The T-84-120 Yatagan also participated in the Kyiv parade. The current condition of the tank is unknown. The T-84's outstanding feature is a 26 hp/t power-to-weight ratio. It is also designed to perform well in hot climates, and includes an air-conditioned crew compartment ( operating temperature range

518-516: The Indian Army. BDL has been manufacturing these missiles under technical collaboration with Rosoboronexport . It can also be fired from the 2A45 Sprut-B anti-tank gun. 9M119M "Refleks-M" missiles ( GRAU designation: 3UKB20) can be fired from the T-72B, T-80U, and T-90S through the use of a 1K13-19 sight, are ejected using the 9Kh949 ejecting mechanism, and the rocket motor ignites as soon as

555-583: The Malyshev Plant announced plans to produce the first batch of five Oplot-T tanks for the Thai Army by the end of the year. Under the contract, the Ukrainian company will make 49 tanks worth over US$ 200 million. The government approved 7.155 billion baht to purchase the first 49 Oplot tanks to be assigned to several units: the 2nd Cavalry battalion (Royal Guard at Fort Chakrabongse, Prachinburi),

592-508: The Ministry of Defense started to think seriously about equipping the T-80 tanks with diesel engines. In September 1985, the government approved the development start of a diesel-powered T-80U. Five prototypes of the Ob. 478B with the 6TD engine were produced by year's end. Prototypes of a less sophisticated model, called Ob. 478A, were built for comparison. The government approved production of

629-461: The Ob. 478B in 1986. The Soviet Army noted problems with the tank, and full-scale production was delayed to make changes. The Soviet Army also opposed a plan to name the tank the T-84, as KMDB had originally envisioned, because it would draw attention to the fact that the Soviets were operating four tanks (T-64, T-72, T-80 and T-84) with more or less similar characteristics. The Central Committee settled

666-725: The T-84M. The Ob. 478DU4 gave rise to the T-84 Oplot, which was marketed to Turkey. The 125 mm caliber gun was replaced with a 120 mm one able to fire NATO ammunition, and designated the T-84-120. This was marketed to Turkey as the Yatagan, and was trialed there in 2000. The Ukrainian government eventually made good on its promise to buy the T-84 for the Ukrainian Army . Ten T-84Ms were delivered from 2001 to 2003. Ukraine

703-401: The Ukrainian tank, due to the long term delivery schedule. The signed order for 49 units had to be completed by the month of January, 2017, it was reported that other deliveries may not be expected. A 26 March 2018 press release by Ukroboronprom stated that the 2011 contract for supplying Oplot-T tanks to Thailand had successfully completed and that the last party of tanks had passed checks by

740-544: The V-46-6 of the T-72 . Further work on these was not continued, as the main focus at the time was on the gas-turbine engine favored by Defence Minister Dmitry Ustinov . In 1975, Kharkiv Morozov Machine Building Design Bureau (KMDB) began work on the Object (Ob.) 278, a T-80 powered by a 6TD 1000 hp diesel engine developed for the improved T-64 and T-74  [ ru ] (Ob. 450). This quickly became outclassed by

777-570: The base of the M829A4. ⌀ 25 x 670 mm Tip section ⌀25 x >100 mm Composition B AT-11 Sniper The 9K120 Svir , 9K119 Refleks , 9K119M Refleks-M ( NATO reporting name AT-11 Sniper ) are laser beam riding , guided anti-tank missile systems developed in the Soviet Union . Both are designed to be fired from smoothbore 125 mm tank and anti-tank guns ( 2A45 , 2A46 and 2A46M). The name Svir comes from

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814-484: The breakup of the Soviet Union. A T-80UD with this turret, Ob. 478BK, was completed in 1995. Ukraine delivered 175 Ob. 478BE to Pakistan by 1999. The Ob. 478D with Aynet fire control system and Buran night sight was trialed. Pilots of the Ob. 478DU and Ob. 478DU2 were also produced. One prototype appeared at International Defence Exhibition (IDEX) in 1995 as the "T-84 Supertank." An Ob. 478DM appeared at IDEX 1999 as

851-467: The collapse of Soviet Union, the Malyshev Factory was no longer able to obtain ceramic armour modules from Russia and only the initial batch of T-84 were produced with such. Instead, later batches of T-84's composite armour is composed of special purpose rubber sandwiched between steel and alloy plates. The exact difference in performance between the new and prior armor is unknown and depends on

888-494: The crew and interior equipment against effects of nuclear explosions, radioactive substances, toxic agents, biological warfare agents, and detects and suppresses fires in the compartments of crew and power pack. The Oplot tank can withstand an explosion of up to 10 kg trinitrotoluene (TNT) under the tank track and up to 4 kg TNT under the driver's compartment. The vehicle has overpressure-type NBC protection system and can be fitted with track mine-clearing systems. Due to

925-669: The customers and would be sent to the buyer in the near future. On May 12, 2023, Defense Minister Reznikov drove an Oplot at a training ground in Kharkiv Oblast and subsequently announced that the Armed forces of Ukraine would order an unspecified number of Oplots. Object 478 at National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the Second World War , Kyiv : Background: History of the tank , Tank classification , Tanks in

962-580: The debate, siding with the Army. It was subsequently adopted into service as the T-80UD. The T-80UD was first deployed to the 4th Guards Tank Division and the 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division . It was first publicly shown at the 1990 Moscow Victory Day Parade , then later in the 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt . KMDB developed a welded turret to replace cast turrets, which were no longer made in Ukraine after

999-596: The driver's compartment are fitted with ERA panels for extended protection. The hull sides are hinged with large rubber skirts to withstand the attacks of man-portable anti-tank weapons. The modular ERA package can be easily replaced or upgraded as needed by future requirements. The Oplot features a Varta optronic countermeasures system for deceiving incoming missiles and anti-tank guided weapons. The system integrates laser warning sensors, infra-red jammer, and smoke or aerosol screen laying system. The optronic countermeasure system can: Crew's collective protection system protects

1036-503: The driver's cupola. The centre periscope can be replaced with a night driving device. The fire control system includes a gunner's day sight, PNK-6 commander's panoramic sighting system, PTT-2 thermal imaging sight, anti-aircraft sight and anti-aircraft machine gun control system. Detection range of targets for thermal sighting system is up to 8 km. The tank is also equipped with LIO-V ballistic computer, armament stabiliser and other systems. The advanced fire-control system enables

1073-732: The extensive trials programme in the late 1990s the T-84 entered service with the Ukrainian Army in 1999. During the Russian invasion of Ukraine , at least one T-84 was deployed with the 3rd Tank Brigade in Donbas, near Barvinkove and Slovyansk . T-84 tanks were believed to be deployed with the 14th Mechanized Brigade in Donbas. In March 2011, the Royal Thai Army placed an order for 49 Oplot-T to replace its fleet of aging M41A3 Walker Bulldog light tanks. In September 2011,

1110-409: The gunner on the left have single-piece hatches. The tank has a length of 9.7 m (including the forward-facing gun), a width of 3.4 m without removable side skirts, and a height of 2.8 m. The combat weight of the tank is 51 tons. The Oplot is armed with a smoothbore 125 mm KBA-3 cannon , a KT-7.62 (PKT) coaxial machine gun and a KT-12.7 anti-aircraft machine gun. The main gun

1147-608: The gunner or commander to lay and fire the main armament on the move. The stationary and moving targets can be hit with a high first round hit probability. The protection system includes multilayer passive armour, Duplet explosive reactive armour (ERA), Zaslin Active Protection System , Varta optronic countermeasures system and other tank protection means. Built-in new generation Duplet anti-tandem-charge warhead ERA protects against APFSDS, HESH and HEAT rounds. Duplet improves protection against: Both sides of

T-84 - Misplaced Pages Continue

1184-409: The missile exits the barrel. Ram air collected by the air intakes in the nose is used to provide power to move the control fins. The 17.2 kg (37.8 pound) missile is 690 mm (27.1 inches) long and has pop-out fins (with a 250 mm/69 girth span) that aid in guidance. The missile is guided by the modulated laser beam steered by the tank gunner. The missile has a maximum range of 5,000 meters at

1221-506: The move against travelling targets. A tandem-charge warhead fitted on the missile can defeat targets equipped with explosive reactive armour (ERA) and advanced spaced armour. The Oplot has 46 rounds of ammunition for the main gun, of which 28 rounds are placed in the automatic loader. Other ammunition types carried are 1,250 rounds for KT-7.62 machine gun, 450 rounds for KT-12.7 machine gun and 450 rounds for AKS Assault rifle. The vehicle has three forward-facing periscopes in front of

1258-546: The performance of dynamic armor. BM Oplot is powered by a 6TD-2E 6-cylinder turbocharged liquid-cooled engine, which delivers 1,200 horsepower (895 kW). It is improved and more environmentally friendly version of the prior 6TD-2 diesel engine, used on the T-84 MBT. The tank could also be powered by a more powerful 6TD-3 diesel, developing 1,500 horsepower (1,119 kW). Both engines could use diesel, jet engine fuel, petrol or any mixtures of them. The engine provides

1295-488: The rear, and track support rollers. The first, second and sixth road wheel stations are fitted with hydraulic shock absorbers. The tank can negotiate a gradient of 32° and side slope of 25°. Equally, the tank can ford a water depth of 5m using deep water fording equipment. The first T-84 prototype vehicle rolled out in 1994, and in the same year it was decided to build several more vehicles. They were subjected to extensive company and army trials. After successful completion of

1332-581: Was forced to sell off four of these to the United States when it struggled to finance the tanks. The T-84-120 Yatagan was developed in 2000 in Kharkiv to NATO standards for the Turkish tender for a new MBT. The tank featured a 120mm smooth bore gun that was capable of firing AT-11 Sniper ATGMs, a reloading mechanism and blow-out panels. The Yatagan was also equipped with communications equipment from

1369-637: Was originally intended for the German Rh-120 smoothbore gun but an interoperability agreement signed between West Germany and France in April   1979, followed in September   1981 by a project to install the M256 120 mm smoothbore gun on future M1A1 Abrams tanks made it a NATO standard. The 120×570mm are one-piece ammunition with semi-combustible cartridge cases . These incorporate

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