82-483: The Transport Protocol Experts Group ( TPEG ) is a data protocol suite for traffic and travel related information. TPEG can be carried over different transmission media (bearers), such as digital broadcast or cellular networks (wireless Internet). TPEG applications include, among others, information on road conditions, weather, fuel prices, parking or delays of public transport. TPEG is a set of data protocols for carrying traffic & travel related information, comprising
164-411: A mail message." Artifacts are the physical entities that are deployed on Nodes (i.e. Devices and Execution Environments). Other UML elements such as classes and components are first manifested into artifacts and instances of these artifacts are then deployed. Artifacts can also be composed of other artifacts. The Object Management Group (OMG) has developed a metamodeling architecture to define
246-462: A Europe-wide television game show. In its original conception, it was broadcast from 1965 to 1999 under the auspices of the EBU. The original series' run ended in 1982, but was revived in 1988 with a different composition of nations and was hosted by smaller broadcasters. Eurovision Young Musicians is a competition for European musicians that are between the ages of 12 and 21 years old. It is organised by
328-402: A Kremlin-sponsored initiative to take Ukrainian children from the war-torn country to Russia , a war crime under international law. As of June 2024 , the list of EBU members comprises the following 77 broadcasting companies from 56 countries. Any group or organisation from an International Telecommunication Union (ITU) member country, which provides a radio or television service outside of
410-452: A car) and public transportation (bus, subway, trains, ...). It all started with a Road Traffic Message (RTM) application, which was soon complemented by a Public Transport Information (PTI) application, which both shared a common native TPEG Location Referencing method. TPEG RTM was intended as the "one size fits all" application. However, early implementations soon showed that the RTM structure
492-476: A comprehensive program in all radio stations (with nineteen regional, two world-range and five pan-Hellenic range radio stations) and three TV channels ERT1 , ERT2 and ERT3 . The Belarusian Television and Radio Company ( BTRC ) has been accused of repressing its own employees, having fired more than 100 people since a wave of anti-Lukashenko protests in 2020 following alleged election fraud. Many of them have also been jailed. Many voices have been raised against
574-725: A consortium called the UML Partners was organized in 1996 to complete the Unified Modeling Language (UML) specification and propose it to the Object Management Group (OMG) for standardization. The partnership also contained additional interested parties (for example HP , DEC , IBM , and Microsoft ). The UML Partners' UML 1.0 draft was proposed to the OMG in January 1997 by the consortium. During
656-399: A country with International Telecommunication Union (ITU) membership, which does not qualify for either the EBU's Active or Associate memberships, but still provide a broadcasting activity for the EBU, are granted a unique Approved Participants membership, which lasts approximately five years. An application for this status may be submitted to the EBU at any given time, providing an annual fee
738-468: A design silver bullet , which leads to problems. UML misuse includes overuse (designing every part of the system with it, which is unnecessary) and assuming that novices can design with it. It is considered a large language, with many constructs . Some people (including Jacobson ) feel that UML's size hinders learning and therefore uptake. MS Visual Studio dropped support for UML in 2016 due to lack of usage. According to Google Trends UML has been on
820-415: A few that represent different aspects of interactions . These diagrams can be categorized hierarchically as shown in the following class diagram: These diagrams may all contain comments or notes explaining usage, constraint, or intent. Structure diagrams represent the static aspects of the system. It emphasizes the things that must be present in the system being modeled. Since structure diagrams represent
902-755: A founder of the new organisation. On 13 February 1950 the European Broadcasting Union had its first meeting with 23 members from the ITU defined European Broadcasting Area at the Imperial Hotel in Torquay , England, United Kingdom. The first president was Ian Jacob of the BBC who remained at the helm for 10 years while its operation was largely dominated by the BBC due to its financial, technical and staff input. The most important difference between
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#1732780026359984-897: A number of car manufacturers and their suppliers. Today, development work is carried out by the Traveller Information Services Association (TISA), who now also looks after the Alert-C standards used for implementing RDS-TMC services. In the early days of the Transport Protocol Experts Group, the plan was to develop applications that could extend traffic information services far beyond existing technologies, such as RDS-TMC or proprietary protocols. Further, TPEG should include multi-modal traveller information services, facilitating roaming of travellers between different modes of transportation, e.g. between individual transportation (using
1066-594: A range of different applications as well as basic building blocks to manage the transmission of the applications themselves, such as the handling of different messages belonging to a given application, grouping applications into data frames, or the updating and cancellation of messages. TPEG can be carried over different transmission media (bearers), such as digital broadcast or cellular networks (wireless Internet). TPEG applications include, among others, information on road conditions, weather, fuel prices, parking or delays of public transport. The Transport Protocol Experts Group
1148-611: A sense that both service providers and device manufacturers accepted TPEG2 as THE successor to TMC and deployments were rolled out in many countries. Both TPEG1 and TPEG2 are standardized with the International Organization for Standardization as ISO/TS 18234 (TPEG1) and ISO/TS 21219 (TPEG2). TPEG1 is now considered a legacy system and the implementation of new services based on TPEG1 is discouraged. TPEG defines specifications for providing highly accurate traffic- and traveller information of many kinds. TPEG allows
1230-405: A sequence diagram using tools like Lucidchart, Draw.io, or any UML diagram software. The diagram would have actors on the left side, with arrows indicating the sequence of actions and interactions between systems and actors as described please Sequence diagram drow Sequence diagrams should be drawn for each use case to show how different objects interact with each other to achieve the functionality of
1312-428: A specific content so called 'applications' are defined in a separate technical specification. TPEG is designed to be modern and flexible, it is even more future proof, easy to adapt towards new trends, needs and conditions. Selecting the right applications and technical implementation profile, allows provision of safety relevant information to all travellers on time, accurately and precisely. Due to this major benefit, TPEG
1394-522: A statement saying that it was aware of the reports, but that it had not received any formal confirmation. On 1 March, a further statement from the EBU announced that it had suspended its Russian members from its governance structures. On 26 May, the EBU made effective the suspension of its Russian members indefinitely. In 2023, an extensive investigation by the EBU Investigative Journalism Network uncovered evidence of
1476-407: A top-down data modelling approach. This second generation TPEG applications (TPEG generation 2, or TPEG2) is now specified with an UML model, from which automatically both a binary encoding and XML encoding are derived. A TPEG2 application specification includes both the binary and XML encodings as integral part of the specification. With the first TPEG2 TEC application, a breakthrough was achieved in
1558-508: A whole. EBU members come from as far north as Iceland and as far south as Egypt , from Ireland in the west and Azerbaijan in the east, and almost every nation from geographical Europe in between. Associate members from the United States include ABC , CBS , NBC , CPB , NPR , APM and the only individual station, Chicago -based classical music radio WFMT . Membership is for media organisations whose countries are within
1640-586: Is Austria . Eurovision Young Dancers was a biennial dance showcase broadcast on television throughout Europe. The inaugural competition was held in Reggio Emilia , Italy on 16 June 1985. It uses a format similar to the Eurovision Song Contest. Every participating country has the opportunity to send a dance act to compete for the title of Eurovision Young Dancer. The competition is for solo dancers, and all contestants must be between
1722-456: Is a general-purpose visual modeling language that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. UML provides a standard notation for many types of diagrams which can be roughly divided into three main groups: behavior diagrams, interaction diagrams, and structure diagrams. The creation of UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design. It
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#17327800263591804-536: Is a partial graphic representation of a system's model. The set of diagrams need not completely cover the model and deleting a diagram does not change the model. The model may also contain documentation that drives the model elements and diagrams (such as written use cases). UML diagrams represent two different views of a system model: UML models can be exchanged among UML tools by using the XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) format. In UML, one of
1886-429: Is also welcomed by regulators and public authorities. TPEG based products are already available in several European and Asian and American markets from different suppliers. Such products range from content creation/management over encoder/decoder equipment, test equipment and receiver/navigation devices to numerous services that are online worldwide. Further, encryption solutions are available for commercial services. TPEG
1968-491: Is an annual international song competition between EBU members, that was first held in Lugano , Switzerland , on 24 May 1956. Seven countries participated – each submitting two songs, for a total of 14. This was the only contest in which more than one song per country was performed: since 1957, all contests have allowed one entry per country. The 1956 contest was won by the host nation, Switzerland . The winner of
2050-537: Is an annual international song competition that was first held in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 15 November 2003. Sixteen countries participated in the inaugural edition , with each submitting one song. The inaugural contest was won by Croatia . The winner of the most recent contest , which took place in Madrid , Spain , is Georgia . The Eurovision Dance Contest (not to be confused with Eurovision Young Dancers )
2132-519: Is developed in a top-down fashion based on modeling use cases in the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Based on the UML modeling, two encoding versions are derived: The following principles are considered as core in the development of the TPEG protocol, structure and semantics (see and). TPEG: TPEG additional capabilities TPEG: Furthermore, the possibility is added to "Extend" a TMC location to include
2214-409: Is not a development method by itself; however, it was designed to be compatible with the leading object-oriented software development methods of its time, for example, OMT , Booch method , Objectory , and especially RUP it was originally intended to be used with when work began at Rational Software. It is important to distinguish between the UML model and the set of diagrams of a system. A diagram
2296-492: Is paid. The following eight EBU broadcast members had status as Approved Participants in November 2024. The following members previously had status as Approved Participants. The EBU in co-operation with the respective host broadcaster organises competitions and events in which its members can participate if they wish to do so. These include: The Eurovision Song Contest ( French : Concours Eurovision de la chanson )
2378-591: The Allies viewed it as a compromised organisation that they could not trust. In the spring of 1946, representatives of the Soviet radio committee proposed forming a new organisation; however, at the same time preparations were being made for an inter-governmental "European Broadcasting Conference" in Copenhagen in 1948 to draw up a new plan for frequency use in the European Broadcasting Area. It
2460-579: The EBU Technical Review , and the EBU tech- i magazine). The EBU also encourages active collaboration between its Members on the basis that they can freely share their knowledge and experience, thus achieving considerably more than individual Members could achieve by themselves. Much of this collaboration is achieved through Project Groups which study specific technical issues of common interest: for example, EBU Members have long been preparing for
2542-1109: The European Broadcasting Area , as defined by the International Telecommunication Union , or who are members of the Council of Europe . Members benefit from: The EBU's highest-profile production is the Eurovision Song Contest . The EBU also organises the Eurovision Dance Contest , the Junior Eurovision Song Contest , the Eurovision Young Dancers competition, and other competitions which are modeled along similar lines. Radio collaborations include Euroclassic Notturno —an overnight classical music stream, produced by BBC Radio 3 and broadcast in
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2624-628: The European debt crisis . In response, the EBU set up a makeshift studio the same day near the former ERT offices in Athens in order to continue providing EBU members with the news-gathering and broadcast relay services which had formerly been provided by ERT. The EBU put out a statement expressing its "profound dismay" at the shutdown, urging the Greek Prime Minister "to use all his powers to immediately reverse this decision" and offered
2706-547: The Eurovision Song Contest , its best known production, or the Eurovision Debates between candidates for president of the European Commission for the 2014 , 2019 and 2024 parliamentary elections. The Director-General is Noel Curran since 2017. EBU members are public service media (PSM) broadcasters established by law but are non-partisan, independent and run for the benefit of society as
2788-575: The Eurovision Song Contest 2022 , citing the Russian government's use of both outlets to spread disinformation surrounding the Russo-Ukrainian war . Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine , several other public broadcasters joined UA:PBC in calling for Russia's exclusion from the 2022 Contest; Finland 's Yle and Estonia 's ERR stated that they would not send a representative if Russia
2870-615: The Eurovision Young Dancers between 1987 and 1989 ; and Kazakhstan, who participated in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest between 2018 and 2022 – all of which were individually invited. The list of Associate Members of EBU comprised the following 32 broadcasting companies from 21 countries as of December 2023 . The list of past associate members of EBU comprises the following 94 broadcasting companies from 55 countries and 1 autonomous territory. Any groups or organisations from
2952-667: The United Kingdom as Through the Night —and special theme days, such as the annual Christmas music relays from around Europe. The EBU is a member of the International Music Council . Most EBU broadcasters have group deals to carry major sporting events including the FIFA World Cup and the inaugural European Championships . Another annually recurring event which is broadcast across Europe through
3034-419: The first edition in the summer of 2018, hosted by the cities of Berlin , Germany (already chosen as the host for the 2018 European Athletics Championships ) and Glasgow , United Kingdom (already chosen as the host for the 2018 European Aquatics Championships , and which concurrently also hosted the events of the other sports). Unified Modeling Language The unified modeling language ( UML )
3116-593: The most recent contest , which took place in Malmö , Sweden , is Switzerland . Let the Peoples Sing is a biennial choir competition, the participants of which are chosen from radio recordings entered by EBU radio members. The final, encompassing three categories and around ten choirs, is offered as a live broadcast to all EBU members. The overall winner is awarded the Silver Rose Bowl . The first winner
3198-403: The "advice, assistance and expertise necessary for ERT to be preserved". Starting on 4 May 2014, the new state broadcaster New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television (NERIT) began nationwide transmissions, taking over ERT's vacant active membership slot in the EBU. On 11 June 2015, two years after ERT's closure, NERIT was renamed as Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT), which reopened with
3280-410: The "look-across" technique used by UML and ER diagrams is less effective and less coherent when applied to n -ary relationships of order strictly greater than 2. Feinerer says: "Problems arise if we operate under the look-across semantics as used for UML associations. Hartmann investigates this situation and shows how and why different transformations fail.", and: "As we will see on the next few pages,
3362-533: The Council of Europe . As of 2024 , it is made up of 123 member organisations from 56 countries, and 31 associate members from a further 20 countries. It was established in 1950, and has its administrative headquarters in Geneva. The EBU owns and operates the Eurovision and Euroradio telecommunications networks on which major television and radio broadcasts are distributed live to its members. It also operates
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3444-535: The EBU Technical Department have long played an important role in the development of many systems used in radio and television broadcasting, such as: The EBU has also actively encouraged the development and implementation of: On 11 June 2013, the Greek government shut down the state broadcaster Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation (ERT) on short notice, citing government spending concerns related to
3526-522: The EBU and is a member of EMCY . The first competition was held in Manchester , United Kingdom on 11 May 1982. The televised competition is held every other year, with some countries holding national finals. Since its inaugural edition in 1982, it has become one of the most important music competitions on an international level. The winner of the most recent contest , which took place in Bodø , Norway ,
3608-494: The EBU and its predecessors was that EBU membership was for broadcasters and not governments. Early delegates said EBU meetings were cordial and professional and very different from the abrupt tone of its predecessors. West Germany was admitted in 1951 and a working relationship forged with the USSR's Organisation for International Radio and TV (OIRT) which existed in parallel with the EBU until its merger on 1 January 1993. In 1967,
3690-482: The EBU is the Vienna New Year's Concert . Eurovision Media Services is the business arm of the EBU and provides media services for many media organisations and sports federations around the world. The theme music played before and after every EBU broadcast is Marc-Antoine Charpentier 's Prelude to Te Deum . It is played before and after the Eurovision Song Contest and other important events. The EBU
3772-543: The EBU, Channel One Russia , VGTRK , and Radio Dom Ostankino are all controlled by the Russian government. On 21 February 2022, the Russian government recognized the independence of the Donetsk and Luhansk People's Republics , disputed territories that are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine . Ukraine's public broadcaster Suspilne called on the EBU to terminate the membership of Channel One Russia and VGTRK, and to consider preventing Russia from participating in
3854-750: The EBU, which took place in 2010, 2011 and 2012 in Geneva , Switzerland . Children aged between 7–14 representing eight countries within the EBU membership area performed a variety of circus acts at the Geneva Christmas Circus ( French : Cirque de Noël Genève ). The main show was also accompanied by the Magic Circus Show Orchestra. The inaugural Eurovision Choir , featuring non-professional choirs selected by EBU members, took place on 22 July 2017 in Riga , Latvia , hosted by
3936-454: The European Broadcasting Area, is permitted to submit applications to the EBU for Associate Membership. It is also noted by the EBU that any country that is granted Associate Member status does not gain access into Eurovision events – notable exceptions being Australia, who have participated in the Eurovision Song Contest since 2015 and the Junior Eurovision Song Contest between 2015 and 2019 ; Canada, who participated in
4018-649: The IBO rented the IBU technical centre in Brussels and employed its staff. The BBC then proposed a new solution based on the IBO changing its constitution so there will be only one member per International Telecommunication Union (ITU) country, thus ensuring a Western majority over the USSR and its satellite states. In August 1949 a meeting took place in Stresa , Italy but it resulted in disagreement between delegates on how to resolve
4100-464: The Internal road segments of the secondary location, and to exclude optionally the internal road segments of the primary location. European Broadcasting Union The European Broadcasting Union ( EBU ; French: Union européenne de radio-télévision , UER ) is an alliance of public service media organisations whose countries are within the European Broadcasting Area or who are members of
4182-699: The Latvian broadcaster Latvijas Televīzija (LTV). Nine countries took part in the first edition. Carmen Manet from Slovenia was the first winner and the winner of the most recent contest , which took place in Gothenburg , Sweden , was Vocal Line from Denmark. The European Sports Championships is a multi-sport event involving some of the leading sports in Europe. The European Governing Bodies for athletics, aquatics, cycling, rowing, golf, gymnastics and triathlon, coordinated their individual championships as part of
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#17327800263594264-790: The M1-layer, and thus M1-models. These would be, for example, models written in UML. The last layer is the M0-layer or data layer. It is used to describe runtime instances of the system. The meta-model can be extended using a mechanism called stereotyping . This has been criticized as being insufficient/untenable by Brian Henderson-Sellers and Cesar Gonzalez-Perez in "Uses and Abuses of the Stereotype Mechanism in UML 1.x and 2.0". In 2013, UML had been marketed by OMG for many contexts, but aimed primarily at software development with limited success. It has been treated, at times, as
4346-564: The UML, called the Meta-Object Facility . MOF is designed as a four-layered architecture, as shown in the image at right. It provides a meta-meta model at the top, called the M3 layer. This M3-model is the language used by Meta-Object Facility to build metamodels, called M2-models. The most prominent example of a Layer 2 Meta-Object Facility model is the UML metamodel, which describes the UML itself. These M2-models describe elements of
4428-658: The ages of 16 and 21, and not professionally engaged. The winner of the most recent contest , which took place in Prague , Czech Republic , is Poland . Euroclassic Notturno is a six-hour sequence of classical music recordings, assembled by BBC Radio from material supplied by EBU members and streamed back to those broadcasters by satellite for use in their overnight classical-music schedules. The recordings used are taken not from commercial CDs, but from earlier (usually live) radio broadcasts. The Junior Eurovision Song Contest ( French : Concours Eurovision de la Chanson Junior )
4510-610: The alternative International Broadcasting Organisation (IBO) was founded with 26 members and without British participation. The following day the IBU met in General Assembly and an attempt was made to dissolve it but failed; though 18 of its 28 members left to join the IBO. For a period of time in the late 1940s both the IBU and IBO vied for the role of organising frequencies but Britain decided to be in involved in neither. The BBC attempted but failed to find suitable working arrangements with them. However, for practical purposes,
4592-632: The behavior of a system, they are used extensively to describe the functionality of software systems. As an example, the activity diagram describes the business and operational step-by-step activities of the components in a system. Visual Representation: Staff User → Complaints System: Submit Complaint Complaints System → HR System: Forward Complaint HR System → Department: Assign Complaint Department → Complaints System: Update Resolution Complaints System → Feedback System: Request Feedback Feedback System → Staff User: Provide Feedback Staff User → Feedback System: Submit Feedback This description can be used to draw
4674-475: The broadcast of interviews apparently obtained under duress". BTRC was given two weeks to respond before the suspension came into effect, but did not do so publicly. The suspension of the broadcaster was made effective on 1 July 2021. Although initial reports mentioned that it would expire after three years, in April 2024 the EBU confirmed that the suspension had been made indefinite. The three Russian members of
4756-576: The daily Eurovision news exchange in which members share breaking news footage. In 2017, the EBU launched the Eurovision Social Newswire, an eyewitness and video verification service. Led by Head of Social Newsgathering, Derek Bowler, the service provides members of the EBU with verified and cleared-for-use newsworthy eyewitness media emerging on social media. The EBU, in co-operation with its members, produces programmes and organises events in which its members can participate, such as
4838-635: The first concert in the International Concert Season of the European Broadcasting Union was broadcast from the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London. The objective of the EBU's technical activities is simply to assist EBU Members (see below) in this period of unprecedented technological changes. This includes the provision of technical information to Members via conferences and workshops, as well as in written form (such as
4920-458: The highlights of the history of object-oriented modeling methods and notation. It is originally based on the notations of the Booch method , the object-modeling technique (OMT), and object-oriented software engineering (OOSE), which it has integrated into a single language. Rational Software Corporation hired James Rumbaugh from General Electric in 1994 and after that, the company became
5002-433: The key tools for behavior modeling is the use-case model, caused by OOSE . Use cases are a way of specifying required usages of a system. Typically, they are used to capture the requirements of a system, that is, what a system is supposed to do. UML 2 has many types of diagrams, which are divided into two categories. Some types represent structural information, and the rest represent general types of behavior , including
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#17327800263595084-478: The latest versions of these standards are now: It continues to be updated and improved by the revision task force, who resolve any issues with the language. UML offers a way to visualize a system's architectural blueprints in a diagram, including elements such as: Although originally intended for object-oriented design documentation, UML has been extended to a larger set of design documentation (as listed above), and has been found useful in many contexts. UML
5166-552: The look-across interpretation introduces several difficulties which prevent the extension of simple mechanisms from binary to n -ary associations." UML 2.0 major revision replaced version 1.5 in 2005, which was developed with an enlarged consortium to improve the language further to reflect new experiences on the usage of its features. Although UML 2.1 was never released as a formal specification, versions 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 appeared in 2007, followed by UML 2.2 in February 2009. UML 2.3
5248-472: The participation of Belarus and the BTRC in the otherwise unpolitical Eurovision Song Contest in 2021, the argument being that the EBU would make a political statement if it did endorse Belarus by essentially and silently saying that democracy is unimportant and so are basic human rights such as freedom of speech. On 28 May 2021, the EBU suspended the BTRC's membership as they had been "particularly alarmed by
5330-663: The problems. One proposal was for the European Broadcasting Area to be replaced by one that would exclude Eastern Europe , the Levant and North Africa . After Stresa, a consensus emerged among the Western Europeans to form a new organisation and the BBC proposed it be based in London . Meetings in Paris on 31 October and 1 November 1949 sealed the fate of the IBU and IBO, but it was decided not to allow West Germany to be
5412-406: The revision of the 1961 Stockholm Plan. The EBU places great emphasis on the use of open standards. Widespread use of open standards (such as MPEG-2 , DAB , DVB , etc.) ensures interoperability between products from different vendors, as well as facilitating the exchange of programme material between EBU Members and promoting "horizontal markets" for the benefit of all consumers. EBU Members and
5494-520: The same month, the UML Partners formed a group, designed to define the exact meaning of language constructs, chaired by Cris Kobryn and administered by Ed Eykholt, to finalize the specification and integrate it with other standardization efforts. The result of this work, UML 1.1, was submitted to the OMG in August 1997 and adopted by the OMG in November 1997. After the first release, a task force
5576-413: The source for two of the most popular object-oriented modeling approaches of the day: Rumbaugh's object-modeling technique (OMT) and Grady Booch 's method. They were soon assisted in their efforts by Ivar Jacobson , the creator of the object-oriented software engineering (OOSE) method, who joined them at Rational in 1995. Under the technical leadership of those three (Rumbaugh, Jacobson, and Booch),
5658-445: The standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML. In software engineering, most practitioners do not use UML, but instead produce informal hand drawn diagrams; these diagrams, however, often include elements from UML. UML has evolved since the second half of the 1990s and has its roots in the object-oriented programming methods developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The timeline (see image) shows
5740-411: The structure, they are used extensively in documenting the software architecture of software systems. For example, the component diagram describes how a software system is split up into components and shows the dependencies among these components. Behavior diagrams represent the dynamic aspect of the system. It emphasizes what must happen in the system being modeled. Since behavior diagrams illustrate
5822-403: The transfer of data via different bearers e.g. digital broadcast or internet. In fact, today this is mainly used to inform travellers on roads, train tracks or even pedestrians. Information for a convenient journey e.g. on road conditions, weather, fuel prices, parking or delays of public transport are coded in TPEG.TPEG is a protocol with containers which carry specific content, for each service on
5904-401: The use case. In UML, an artifact is the "specification of a physical piece of information that is used or produced by a software development process , or by deployment and operation of a system." "Examples of artifacts include model files, source files, scripts, and binary executable files, a table in a database system , a development deliverable, a word-processing document , or
5986-402: Was Glasgow Phoenix Choir, conducted by their Chorus Master Peter Mooney , from Scotland in the 1961 competition that was held in London . The most recent winner is Copenhagen Girls Choir from Denmark, conducted by Anne-Terese Sales, in the 2024 competition that was held in London. Jeux sans frontières (English: Games Without Borders , lit. 'Games Without Frontiers') was
6068-581: Was a successor to the International Broadcasting Union (IBU) that was founded in 1925 and had its administrative headquarters in Geneva and technical office in Brussels. It fostered programming exchanges between members and mediated technical disputes between members that were mostly concerned with frequency and interference issues. It was in effect taken over by Nazi Germany during the Second World War, and thereafter
6150-486: Was allowed to participate. After initially stating that both Russia and Ukraine would be allowed to compete, the EBU announced on 25 February 2022 that it would ban Russia from participating in the Contest. The three Russian broadcasters announced, via a statement released by Russian state media, that they would withdraw from the EBU on 26 February, citing increased politicization of the organization. The EBU released
6232-458: Was an international dancing competition that was held for the first time in London , United Kingdom , on 1 September 2007. The inaugural contest was won by Finland . The competition was repeated in 2008 when it was held in Glasgow , United Kingdom , but has not been held since. The winner of the most recent contest is Poland . The Magic Circus Show was an entertainment show organised by
6314-563: Was considered necessary to have an organisation that could implement the " Copenhagen Wavelength Plan " but there was disagreement among broadcasters and particularly a fear expressed by the BBC that a new association might be dominated by the USSR and its proposal to give each of its constituent states one vote. France proposed that it would have four votes with the inclusion of its North African colonies . The United Kingdom felt it would have little influence with just one vote. On 27 June 1946,
6396-661: Was developed at Rational Software in 1994–1995, with further development led by them through 1996. In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the Object Management Group (OMG) and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005, UML was also published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) as the ISO/IEC 19501 standard. Since then
6478-757: Was formally released in May 2010. UML 2.4.1 was formally released in August 2011. UML 2.5 was released in October 2012 as an "In progress" version and was officially released in June 2015. The formal version 2.5.1 was adopted in December 2017. There are four parts to the UML 2.x specification: Until UML 2.4.1, the latest versions of these standards were: Since version 2.5, the UML Specification has been simplified (without Superstructure and Infrastructure), and
6560-568: Was formed to improve the language, which released several minor revisions, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5. The standards it produced (as well as the original standard) have been noted as being ambiguous and inconsistent. As with database Chen, Bachman, and ISO ER diagrams , class models are specified to use "look-across" cardinalities , even though several authors ( Merise , Elmasri & Navathe, amongst others ) prefer same-side or "look-here" for roles and both minimum and maximum cardinalities. Recent researchers (Feinerer and Dullea et al. ) have shown that
6642-622: Was started in 1997 by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU). Work carried on under the auspices of the EBU until 2007, when the group merged with another group working on the Traffic Message Channel (TMC) protocol, hosted by ERTICO – ITS Europe and with the Mobile.Info project, where first prototypes of TPEG technology was tested under realistic driving conditions in various in-car navigation systems by
6724-466: Was too broad to be used in navigation systems as a replacement for TMC. This first generation TPEG applications (TPEG generation 1, or TPEG1 ) also provided only a binary encoding, having in some cases a separate specification for the mapping to an XML encoding. Consequently, a revision of both the general information modelling style and the design approach was done, moving TPEG towards more clearly defined and separated applications for specific use cases and
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