Naruhito
51-396: [REDACTED] Fumihito [REDACTED] Shigeru Ishiba ( LDP ) Second Ishiba Cabinet ( LDP – Komeito coalition ) [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Fukushiro Nukaga Kōichirō Genba [REDACTED] Masakazu Sekiguchi Hiroyuki Nagahama Saburo Tokura Kazuo Ueda The Tokyo Metropolitan Government ( 東京都庁 , Tōkyōto-chō ) is
102-642: A Roman Catholic family. Although Shōda was never baptized, she was educated in Catholic schools and seemed to share the faith of her parents. Rumors also speculated that Empress Kōjun had opposed the engagement. After the death of Fumihito's paternal grandmother Empress Kōjun in 2000, Reuters reported that she was one of the strongest opponents of her son's marriage, and that in the 1960s, she had driven her daughter-in-law and grandchildren to depression by persistently accusing her of not being suitable for her son. On 29 June 1990, Fumihito married Kiko Kawashima ,
153-665: A PhD in ornithology from the Graduate University for Advanced Studies . In 1990, he married Kiko Kawashima , with whom he has three children: Mako , Kako , and Hisahito . In November 2020, Fumihito was officially declared heir presumptive to the throne, during the Ceremony for Proclamation of Crown Prince ( Rikkōshi-Senmei-no-gi ) in Tokyo . Preceding his investiture as Crown Prince, the ongoing Japanese imperial succession debate had resulted in some politicians holding
204-411: A big role in determining the outcome. A swing voter or floating voter is a voter who may not be affiliated with a particular political party (Independent) or who will vote across party lines. In USA politics, many centrists , liberal Republicans , and conservative Democrats are considered "swing voters" since their voting patterns cannot be predicted with certainty. While the swing voter
255-480: A fair proportion of campaign effort towards them, but they must also be concerned with voter turnout among their political base. There is a perception that swing voters are primarily motivated by self-interest rather than values or ideology and so are particularly susceptible to pork barreling . If a constituency contains a large proportion of swing voters it is often called a marginal seat and extensive campaign resources are poured into it. An April 2016 poll by
306-533: A favorable view on rescinding agnatic primogeniture , which was implemented in 1889 and reinforced on the constitution of Japan by the Allies after World War II . However, once Fumihito and Kiko had their son Hisahito in September 2006 he became next in the line of succession following his father. Fumihito's niece and Emperor Naruhito's only child, Princess Aiko , remains at present legally ineligible to inherit
357-413: A greater potential to play the role of a swing vote in a close election." In the 2020 election, 30% of voters were considered swing voters. The swing votes in this election demographically were younger, ideologically moderate, disengaged in politics. Political apathy also plays a part in identifying swing voters. 24 percent of swing voters did not vote in the 2016 election and 22 percent did not vote in
408-606: A local government. These other municipalities are located in the western part of the prefecture, as well as the outlying island chains of Izu and Ogasawara . The Metropolitan Assembly is the legislative organ of the whole prefecture of Tokyo . It consists of 127 members elected each four years. Regular sessions are held four times each year, in February, June, September and December. These sessions typically last for 30 days. Between these are plenary sessions where discussions on bills are held. As in other prefectures of Japan ,
459-427: A particular candidate and will not consider changing their minds whatever the opposition says. Swing voters are undecided about how they will vote. They are sometimes referred to as undecideds , undecided voters , or floating voter . They may be dissatisfied party members who are open to the idea of voting for other parties , or they could be officially registered as "independents" or simply people who have never had
510-907: A range of 67 to 81 percent." In the 2016 presidential election, people who identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender cast 78 percent of their votes for the Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton. Among people who identify as gay and bisexual, men's support for Democratic candidates in the 1990s Congressional elections (held every two years from 1990 to 1998) was more consistent than women's. Across these five elections, men's support ranged from 67 percent to 75 percent, while women's support ranged from 53 percent to 82 percent. This suggests that lesbian and bisexual women may be more likely swing voters, at least over time, if not necessarily for any given election. There are also differences by state: "California GLB voters are more likely to identify as 'Independent' than are GLB voters nationally, and therefore have
561-450: A strong affiliation with any political party and will vote depending on certain things that influence them: healthcare , benefits , election campaign , etc. Some might be people who have never exercised their right to vote before, such as those just reaching voting age . Some, but not all, swing voters are considered to be " low-information voters ." Because the votes of swing voters are considered to be "up for grabs," candidates direct
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#1732780628386612-423: Is a swing voter can be calculated by measuring how a voter feels about each of the candidates. The American National Election Studies (ANES) created a scale by asking how favorably they see each candidate from negative 100 to 100, with zero as neutral. Then, the two scores for the candidates are subtracted and the smaller the difference is, the more likely that the person is a swing voter. The answers are indicative of
663-473: Is also known as a "catfish specialist," has managed to maintain and expand the aquacultural studies with the people of Thailand. The prince has worked as a researcher at The University Museum of The University of Tokyo where he also is an Honorary Fellow. Prior to Fumihito's birth, the announcement about the then-Crown Prince Akihito's engagement and marriage to the then-Ms. Michiko Shōda had drawn opposition from traditionalist groups, because Shōda came from
714-440: Is ostensibly the target of most political activity during elections, another factor is the success of each party in rallying its core support. In a two-party system, those who become disillusioned with their once-favored party are more likely to vote third-party or abstain than cross over. Smaller groups that use voting to decide matters, such as chambers of parliament and supreme courts , can also have swing voters. The smaller
765-450: Is particularly significant when considering where political parties choose to focus their campaigning efforts. The voters who can be convinced are the voters that receive the most attention because campaigns will not bother to engage the voters they know will show up to the polls and support them. Focusing only on the undecided voters instead of all voters at large is a core part of almost all political campaigns. With this framework in mind,
816-579: Is the heir presumptive to the Japanese throne . He is the younger brother of Emperor Naruhito , and the younger son of Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko . Since his marriage in June 1990, he has had the title Prince Akishino ( 秋篠宮 , Akishino-no-miya ) and has headed his own branch of the imperial family. Fumihito has a bachelor's degree in political science from Gakushuin University and
867-626: The Bush v. Gore case. Common examples of swing voters include " Reagan Democrats " (Democrats who voted for Republican Ronald Reagan in the 1980s) and "Clinton Conservatives" (Republicans who voted for Democrat Bill Clinton in the 1990s). In her 2012 book The Swing Vote , Linda Killian divides the American swing vote into 4 factions: NPR Republicans, America First Democrats, the Facebook Generation, and Starbucks Moms and Dads. On
918-873: The Graduate University for Advanced Studies in October 1996. His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Molecular Phylogeny of Jungle Fowls, genus Gallus and Monophyletic Origin of Domestic Fowls ". He conducted field research in Indonesia in 1993 and 1994, and in Yunnan Province in the People's Republic of China. When the Emperor Emeritus was then Crown Prince, he introduced tilapia to Thailand as an important source of protein. Tilapia can be easily cultured and Prince Fumihito, who
969-556: The Liberal Democratic Party , Kōmeitō and Japan Restoration Party , won roughly two-thirds of the vote in the 2012 Tokyo gubernatorial election . Inose resigned in December 2013 and his successor Yoichi Masuzoe was elected in the 2014 Tokyo gubernatorial election . Masuzoe resigned in June 2016 and a new election was held on 31 July 2016. Yuriko Koike , former LDP defense minister but running as an independent,
1020-611: The National Archives , Fumihito's requests to follow in his elder brother's footsteps and study in Britain were initially turned down by the Imperial Household Agency. Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Shōwa (Hirohito), on 7 January 1989, the prince became second-in-line to the throne after his elder brother, Crown Prince Naruhito . The prince received a PhD degree in ornithology from
1071-415: The 2018 election. 18-29 year olds were the age group that had the highest percentage of swing voters - there was about the same number of swing voters as there were "decided voters". In the oldest age group of 65 and older, only 22 percent are considered swing voters. Another important datapoint from the 2020 election was that 39% of Swing Voters say they are paying "a lot" of attention to politics, compared to
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#17327806283861122-549: The 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations. In October 2002, they visited the Netherlands to attend the funeral of Prince Claus of the Netherlands . In September 2003, they made goodwill visits to Fiji , Tonga and Samoa , again, the first time ever members of the Imperial Family had visited these countries. In March 2004, the prince and princess returned to the Netherlands for the funeral of Queen Juliana of
1173-654: The 68% of decided voters that pay attention. Swing voters occasionally play a huge part in elections. First-time voters and swing voters are usually credited for helping Jesse Ventura win the Minnesota gubernatorial election in 1998. Swing voters who support third-party candidates take potential votes away from the major candidates. Ventura was a third-party candidate; his opponents were seen as two weak major-party candidates, and this situation created many more swing voters than usual. This resulted in Jesse Ventura,
1224-623: The Emperor when he was hospitalized. He and other members of the imperial family visited the affected areas after the Great East Japan earthquake in March 2011. From June to July 2014, Prince Fumihito and Princess Kiko visited Republic of Zambia and United Republic of Tanzania. In accordance with legislation passed allowing his father's abdication , he became heir presumptive to the throne on 30 April 2019. Once plans were announced for
1275-654: The Gakushūin. In April 1984, the prince entered the Law Department of Gakushuin University , where he studied law and biological science. After graduating from the university with a bachelor's degree in Political Science , he studied the taxonomy of fish at St John's College, Oxford in the United Kingdom from October 1988 to June 1990. According to British government documents released by
1326-717: The Imperial Household Economy Council to form a new branch of the Imperial Family. The marriage was bitterly resented by officials at the Imperial Household Agency , who had desired that the Prince adhere to tradition and not get married before his elder brother. Crown Prince and Crown Princess Akishino have two daughters and one son: Fumihito serves as the president of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology and
1377-695: The Japanese Association of Zoological Gardens and Aquariums. He is also the honorary president of the World Wide Fund for Nature Japan , the Japan Tennis Association , and the Japan-Netherlands Association. The prince and princess have made numerous official visits to foreign countries. In June 2002, they became the first members of the Imperial Family to visit Mongolia , in celebration of
1428-407: The Netherlands . In January 2005, they visited Luxembourg to attend the funeral of Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte . From October to November 2006, they visited Paraguay to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Japanese emigration to that country. In January 2008, they visited Indonesia for a ceremony commemorating the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Japan and
1479-813: The Progressive Policy Institute examined voters in the U.S. states considered "battlegrounds" in the upcoming presidential election (Florida, Ohio, Colorado and Nevada). Swing voters were slightly more likely to be women (52 percent women, 48 percent men) and slightly less likely to have a college degree (44 percent) than voters overall in these states (48 percent). By contrast, race was a significant determinant, especially for African-Americans. While 7 percent of poll respondents identified as African-American, only 2 percent of swing voters were African-American. Latinos (12 percent of poll respondents) were represented more proportionately (13 percent of swing voters). "Overall, white voters are likely to swing
1530-714: The Republic of Indonesia. The prince and princess visited Austria, Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania in May 2009 on the occasion of "Japan-Danube Friendship Year 2009" and the Netherlands in August 2009 for the commemorative event of the 400th anniversary of the trade relations between Japan and the Netherlands. They have also visited Costa Rica, Uganda, Croatia, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Peru, and Argentina. In addition, Fumihito carried out public duties on behalf of
1581-608: The accession of Emperor Naruhito. They visited Poland and Finland to participate in the celebrations for the 100th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic relationship between Japan and the two countries. In August 2019, the couple and their son, Hisahito, arrived in Bhutan for a visit. The public proclamation of Fumihito as crown prince did not take place on 19 April 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic . His accession as crown prince took place privately. On 8 November 2020, Fumihito
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1632-456: The daughter of Tatsuhiko Kawashima (professor of economics at Gakushuin University ) and his wife, Kazuyo. The couple met when they were both undergraduates at Gakushuin University. Like his father, the emperor emeritus, the prince married outside the former aristocracy and former collateral branches of the imperial family. Upon marriage, he received the title Prince Akishino (Akishino-no-miya – strictly "Prince Akishino") and authorization from
1683-658: The early elections for the Metropolitan Assembly in 1965 due to a corruption scandal, Tokyo became the first prefecture not to hold its assembly elections during the unified local elections ( tōitsu chihō senkyo ), which typically take place in prefectures and municipalities throughout the country every four years. By 2011 , it was one of six prefectures not to do so, the others being Iwate , Miyagi , Fukushima , Ibaraki and Okinawa . Following Shintarō Ishihara's resignation in October 2012, Tokyo held an early gubernatorial election in December 2012 and completely left
1734-613: The government of the Tokyo Metropolis . One of the 47 prefectures of Japan , the government consists of a popularly elected governor and assembly. The headquarters building is located in the ward of Shinjuku . The metropolitan government administers the special wards , cities, towns and villages that constitute part of the Tokyo Metropolis. With a population closing in on 14 million living within its boundaries, and many more commuting from neighbouring prefectures,
1785-483: The greatest influence among Japan's governors. In contrast to other prefectures, the governor of Tokyo has a relatively important role given the size of Tokyo's budget (13 trillion yen as of 2014, which is roughly equivalent to the government budget of Sweden ). The Tokyo metropolitan government is also granted relative freedom in how it allocates the budget, as it is not subject to national government subsidies which other prefectures receive. The responsibility for approving
1836-504: The group, the more power swing voters can have. For example, on a court of seven judges, of which three are committed to each side of a case, the seventh judge may be seen as single-handedly deciding the case. Swing Vote can have a very broad meaning and has been used in many different contexts by different media and news outlets. The truest definition would be someone who has not yet made up their mind on how they will be voting. These voters can be easily persuaded and are cross pressured. This
1887-426: The idea of a swing vote can closely tie with the concept of swing states . Swing/Battleground states are states that neither party can guarantee will go in their favor. These are the states that politicians will most likely focus their time to maximize their reach, in the same way that there is a focus on swing voters. Identifying battleground states is much easier than identifying individual swing votes. Deciding who
1938-479: The impending abdication and his brother's enthronement , Fumihito suggested that instead of using public money the imperial family should pay for the religious rituals in the enthronement as the constitution separates religion and state, despite the government agreeing to foot the bill. In June–July 2019, the Crown Prince and his wife carried out the first official overseas visit by the imperial family following
1989-867: The metropolitan budget lies with the governor and the assembly. The assembly may vote for no confidence in the governor and the governor may order the assembly to be dissolved. Karasumaru Mitsue served as the first prefectural governor of Edo Prefecture in 1868. Several months later, the prefecture was renamed to Tokyo and Karasumaru's tenure continued. From the Japanese Misplaced Pages Tokyo's population consists largely of swing voters who are not loyal to any one political party. Tokyoites tend to vote for independent candidates with name recognition or in response to hot-button issues , and have been less susceptible to pork-barrel spending and other "machine" style politics than voters elsewhere in Japan. With
2040-573: The metropolitan government wields significant political power within Japan. Under Japanese law , Tokyo is designated as a to ( 都 ), translated as metropolis . Within Tokyo Metropolis lie dozens of smaller entities, including twenty-three special wards (特別 区 -ku) which until 1943 made up Tokyo City but which now have individual local governments, each with a leader and a council. In addition to these 23 local governments, Tokyo also encompasses 26 cities ( 市 -shi), five towns ( 町 -chō or machi), and eight villages ( 村 -son or -mura), each of which has
2091-612: The outcome of a national election by an average of 10 percentage points—voting more Democratic in elections Democrats win and more Republican in elections Republicans win," according to a 2008 report by the Democratic Leadership Council. Most of this (6.7 of the 10 percentage points) is due to those white people who have only a high school education. In mid-term and presidential elections from 1992 to 2014, people who self-identified as "gay, lesbian, or bisexual" voted consistently "around 75 percent Democratic within
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2142-489: The people of Tokyo directly elect the governor to four-year terms of office. There is no limit to the number of terms a person may serve. Unlike collegiate cabinet systems, where the decisions are made unanimously, the Governor has the authority to make policy decisions and enforce policy. As the chief executive of Tokyo, ruling an area encompassing 13 million inhabitants and a GDP comparable in size to some countries, they hold
2193-647: The third-party candidate, winning the election. In the Supreme Court of the United States the swing justice, if one exists, essentially decides the overall outcome of the ruling during a split, which can mean highly impacting landmark decisions . For example, the effective decision of the President of the United States in the 2000 election was ultimately made by Justice Anthony Kennedy in
2244-457: The throne, while debate about the possibility of having future empresses regnant continues. As active working members of the imperial family, Fumihito and his wife Kiko's schedule includes attending summits , and organizational and global event meetings. The couple has particularly represented the Japanese imperial house in ceremonies involving heads of state and VIPs abroad. The prince
2295-503: The title Kōtaishi as heir to the throne, apparently due to personal reluctance as not being raised as crown prince unlike his older brother, and chose the title Kōshi (皇嗣 lit. "Imperial Heir") instead. Swing voter A swing vote is a vote that is seen as potentially going to any of a number of candidates in an election, or, in a two-party system , may go to either of the two dominant political parties. Such votes are usually sought after in election campaigns, since they can play
2346-563: The unified election cycle. The four largest established national political parties of the past decade (Liberal Democrats, Democrats, Kōmeitō, Communists) are represented in the Tokyo Assembly. The Social Democratic Party , formerly the Japanese Socialist Party, which had been the second major party for much of the postwar era, lost its one remaining seat in the 2001 election . Governor Naoki Inose , endorsed by
2397-937: The vote and 59 of 127 seats in the 2013 Tokyo prefectural election . In the previous election of 2009 , the Democratic Party had managed to become strongest party after forty years of LDP dominance. In 2012, the DPJ was reduced to fourth party with 15 seats (15.2% of the vote) as the Kōmeitō won 23 seats (14.1% of the vote) and Communists 17 seats (13.6% of the vote). 35°41′22″N 139°41′30″E / 35.6895°N 139.6918°E / 35.6895; 139.6918 Fumihito, Crown Prince of Japan The Emperor The Empress The Emperor Emeritus The Empress Emerita Fumihito, Crown Prince Akishino ( 秋篠宮皇嗣文仁親王 , Akishino-no-miya Kōshi Fumihito Shinnō , born 30 November 1965, Japanese: [ɸɯmiꜜçi̥to] )
2448-538: The voters voting behavior and their ideological identification. The ANES also shows about the relationship between scale position and “convertibility”—the likelihood that a campaign can change a person’s vote intention. This method of measurement is also a good indication of how polarized the public already is. For example, in 2004, only 13% of the voters were considered swing voters which is lower compared to previous elections. In an election, there are "certain" or "lock" votes, voters who are solidly behind or partisan to
2499-548: Was born on 30 November 1965 at 12:22 am in the Imperial Household Agency Hospital, Tokyo Imperial Palace . His given name is Fumihito. His mother, Empress Emerita Michiko , is a convert to Shinto from Roman Catholicism . His childhood appellation was Prince Aya (礼宮 Aya-no-miya). He attended the primary and secondary schools of the Gakushūin . He played tennis in primary and secondary schools of
2550-464: Was elected with 44,49% of the popular vote. The last assembly election was held on July 27. The new party of the governor Yuriko Koike ( Tomin First no Kai ) won 49 seats with 33.68% of the vote. The LDP obtained 23 seats with 22.53% of the vote. The New Komeito Party , allied with Gov. Koike also obtained 23 seats, with 13.13% of the vote. The previous election was held in June 2013. The LDP won 36% of
2601-447: Was formally declared first in line to the chrysanthemum throne. During the ceremony he said "I will carry out my duties by deeply acknowledging my responsibilities as crown prince". His older brother during his time as Crown Prince carried the title Kōtaishi (Crown Prince, 皇太子 lit. "Great Imperial Son"), and was also referred by the Japanese press with this title until his accession to the throne. However Prince Akishino did not receive
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