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66-482: It encompasses the city of Prokuplje and three municipalities: As of the 2022 census, the district has a population of 77,900 inhabitants. Ethnic composition of the municipality: Note: All official material made by the Government of Serbia is public by law . Information was taken from the official website . Prokuplje Prokuplje ( Serbian Cyrillic : Прокупље , pronounced [prǒkupʎe] )

132-547: A large city with many public buildings. The city flourished greatly in the Constantinian period. A bronze bust of Constantine decorated city. It was his temporary residence and the city where he promulgated many laws, preserved in the Theodosian code . In Constantinian narratives, Naissus was the city where the usurper Vetranio abdicated to Constantius II after a powerful speech he gave to the rebel armies. Julian ,

198-486: A legionary camp in the city. The city, called refugia and vici in pre-Roman relation, as a result of its strategic position (the Thracians were based to the south ) developed as an important garrison and market town in the province of Moesia Superior. In 169 AD, Naissus was established as a municipium and from Diocletian onwards it belonged to the province of Dardania . In 272, the future Emperor Constantine

264-631: A mass escape. In 1944, the city was heavily bombed by the Allies . In September 1943, the Germans established the Dulag 413 transit camp for Italian Military Internees in the city. On 14 October 1944, after a long and exhausting battle, the 7th German SS Division ' Prinz Eugen ' was defeated and Niš was liberated by Bulgarian Army , and Partisans . The city was also the site of a unique and accidental friendly fire air war on November 7, 1944 between

330-458: A targeted campaign of murder. The Serbian authorities subjected the Jewish community to extortion of money, arbitrary arrests, confiscation of property, forced labour and desecration of graves. The demographics of Niš underwent change whereby Serbs who formed half the urban population prior to 1878 became 80 percent in 1884. In the following years, the city saw rapid development. The city library

396-590: Is a city and the administrative center of the Toplica District in southern Serbia . As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 38,054 inhabitants. Prokuplje is one of the Roman sites of Serbia . When South Serbs first settled in this area in the 6th century, the city was known as Komplos . The town was known as Ürgüp during Ottoman rule. After Serbia's victory over the Ottomans, Prokuplje

462-560: Is decreasing, since January is the only month with average lows below 0 °C. According to the final results from the 2022 census, the population of city proper of Niš was 182,797, while its administrative area had a population of 260,237. The city of Niš has 87,975 households with 2,96 members on average, while the number of homes is 119,196. Religion structure in the city of Niš is predominantly Serbian Orthodox (240,765), with minorities like Muslims (2,486), Catholics (809), Protestants (258), Atheists (109) and others. Most of

528-456: Is now southern Iran and emanated from there around the world, or it happened independently in different places, the Vinča culture area of Serbia and Bulgaria being one of them, and for now the oldest to be researched and dated. In October 2008, Serbian archaeologists at Pločnik found a copper axe believed to be 7,500 years old, making it 500–800 years older than what had previously been considered to be

594-643: Is strategically important, at the intersection of European highway and railway networks connecting Europe with Asia. Niš is easily accessible, having an airport – Niš Constantine the Great Airport and being a point of intersection of numerous railroad and highway lines. It is in Niš that the trunk road running from the north down the Morava River valley forks into two major lines: These roads have been widely known from ancient times, because they represented

660-562: Is the third largest city in Serbia and the administrative center of the Nišava District . It is located in the southern part of Serbia . According to the 2011 census , the city proper has a population of 182,797, while its administrative area (City of Niš) has a population of 260,237 inhabitants. Several Roman emperors were born in Niš or used it as a residence: Constantine the Great ,

726-541: Is undisputed and ran north of Nis, although one author Cyprien Robert claims that half of the population of the town was made up by Serbians. Serbian cartographers of the time (such as Dimitrije Davidović in 1828 and Milan Savić in 1878) also accepted South Morava river as such delineation and added Niš outside the borders of the Serbian people. In 1862 some Muslim families from Belgrade and Smederevo settled in Nis due to

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792-836: The Bulgarian Exarchate . Before the area had been under the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Serbian Patriarchate of Peć . The city was also stipulated the area to be ceded to Bulgaria according to the Constantinople Conference in 1876. Niš was finally taken by the Serbian Army during the Serbo–Ottoman War of 1876–1878. The battle for the liberation of Niš started on 29 December 1877, and

858-665: The Celtic name of the Nišava River , which flows through the city. In historical sources , the town is mentioned as Naissus, Ναϊσσός, Naessus, urbs Naisitana, Нишь, Ньшь, Nisso and Nix. Niš evolved from the toponym attested in Ancient Greek as ΝΑΙΣΣΟΣ (Naissos) achieving its present form via phonetic changes in Proto-Albanian and thereafter the placename entered Slavic. Nish might indicate that Proto-Albanian

924-797: The Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . The tram system in Niš started to run in November 1930. The national airline Aeroput included Niš as a regular destination for the route Belgrade—Niš—Skopje—Thessaloniki in 1930. During the time of German occupation in World War II, the first Nazi Crveni Krst concentration camp in Yugoslavia was in Niš. About 30,000 people passed through this camp, of whom over 10,000 were shot on nearby Bubanj hill. On 12 February 1942, 147 prisoners staged

990-724: The Niš Theatre Sinđelić was built. In 1897 Mita Ristić founded the Nitex textile factory. In 1905 the female painter Nadežda Petrović established the Sićevo art colony . The first film was screened in 1897, and the first permanent cinema started operating in 1906. The hydroelectric dam in Sićevo Gorge on the Nišava was built in 1908; at the time, it was the largest in Serbia. The airfield

1056-462: The forced displacement of Muslims in the Principality of Serbia. The urban population of Niš consisted of 17,107 Christian and 4,291 Muslim males, with total number of 3,500 Serbian houses and 2,000 Muslim houses. Muslim population of Niš consisted mainly of Turks , of which a part were of Albanian origin, and the rest were Muslim Albanians and Muslim Romani. In 1870, Niš was included in

1122-681: The 1877–1878 period , Albanians were expelled by Serbian forces, in a way that today would be characterized as ethnic cleansing . It is estimated that around 11,437 Albanians left their homes in 119 villages in the Prokuplje district with the arrival of the Royal Serbian Army . A report was made by local authorities in early 1878 for the minister of education at the time, Alimpje Vasiljević . There were 131 villages, with 1,485 Serbian homes and 1,553 Muslim homes, while 12 villages were unregistered as snowfall made them inaccessible, but

1188-536: The 19th century Niš was an important town, but populated by Bulgarians in the 19th century, when the Niš rebellion broke out in 1841. According to Ottoman statistics during the Tanzimat the population of Sanjak of Niš was treated as Bulgarian, and according to French travelers such as Jérôme-Adolphe Blanqui and Ami Boue in 1837/1841. According to all authors between 1840-72 the delineation between Bulgarians and Serbs

1254-510: The Albanian transmission of Naiss > Niš , states that "a discussion with historical South Slavic linguistics is an urgent desideratum". The first settlement on the site of today's Niš may have been founded by the Celts at the end of the 3rd century BC. There is very little archaeological evidence however which can be used to reconstruct a pre-Roman history of Niš. During the Roman era ,

1320-520: The Austrian troops who were advancing in the area. Prokuplje was captured by Austrian troops and Serbian Militia in 1689, but after the Ottoman counter-offensive, the town was burned down during the Austrian retreat of 1690, in spite of Habsburg colonel Antonije Znorić 's orders to the contrary. Serbs, who had supported the Austrian troops, after their withdrawal started increasingly emigrating from

1386-668: The Great was born in Naissus. Constantine created the Dacia Mediterranea province, of which Naissus was the capital, which also included Remesiana on the Via Militaris and the towns of Pautalia and Germania. He lived in Naissus briefly from 316 to 322. The city was of great importance for the Constantinian dynasty . It is the birthplace of Constantine the Great who turned it from a middle-sized town to

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1452-633: The North, from Western and Central Europe and Belgrade down to the Morava River valley, forks into two major lines at Niš: the southern line, leading to Thessalonica and Athens , and the eastern one leading towards Sofia and Istanbul . Niš is situated at the 43°19' latitude north and 21°54' longitude east, in the Nišava valley, near the spot where it joins the South Morava . The main city square,

1518-588: The Roman Empire was divided, the Toplica region became part of the Eastern Roman or Byzantine Empire . The place became known as Komplos or Komblos ( village-town ). Some historians believe that Komplos was rebuilt by Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565). When South Serbs first settled in this area in the 6th century, the city was known as Komplos . During the 9th-11th centuries and the 13th century

1584-612: The Serbian Army entered Niš on 11 January 1878, and it became a part of Serbia. The Albanian quarter was burned and some of the town's Muslim population, which the majority were Albanians, were forced to flee to the Ottoman vilayet of Kosovo , resettling in Pristina , while others went to Skopje. The descendants of the Albanians that resettled in parts of now Kosovo , are now known as Muhaxhir . The number of remaining Muslims counted were 1,168, with many being Muslim Romani, out of

1650-527: The air forces of the United States and Soviet Union . On 23 June 1948, Niš was the site of a catastrophic flood during which the Nišava river's water level raised by an unprecedented 5.5 meters. After World War II, the University of Niš was founded on 15 June 1965. Over the course of the 1999 NATO bombing of Yugoslavia , Niš was subject to airstrikes on 40 occasions. On 7 May 1999, the city

1716-553: The area of Niš is 12.4 °C (54.3 °F). July is the warmest month of the year, with an average of 23.1 °C (73.6 °F). The coldest month is January, averaging at 0.9 °C (33.6 °F). The average of the annual rainfall is 613.8 mm (24.17 in). The average barometer value is 992.74 mb. On average, there are 134 days with rain and snow cover lasts for 41 days. Average temperatures in Niš are rising and they are about 1 °C higher in last 15 years than in period from 1991-2020. Number of snow days and days with frost

1782-412: The area, while there was an increase of Muslim Albanian migration into the town. Toponyms such as Arbanaška and Đjake shows an historic Albanian presence in modern-day Prokuplje area that dates to the medieval era. The rural parts of Toplica valley and adjoining semi-mountainous interior was inhabited during Ottoman rule by compact Muslim Albanian population, while Serbs in those areas lived near

1848-579: The beaten tracks along which peoples, goods and armies moved. Known as 'Via Militaris' in Roman and Byzantine periods, or 'Constantinople road' in Middle Ages, these roads still represent major European traffic arteries. Niš thus stands at a point of intersection of the roads connecting Asia Minor to Europe, and the Black Sea to the Mediterranean. Nis had been a relatively developed city in

1914-575: The beginning of the Copper Age and suggesting that the human use of metal is older than previously believed. The agricultural Vinča settlements were replaced by the emerging Thracians and then the invading Celtic Scordisci in 279 BC. Pieces of ceramics found by the Latin Church are traces of those tribes' movement on their way to Greece. Between 73 and 75 BC, after the Romans subjugated

1980-512: The capital of Serbian king Stefan Nemanja . On 27 July 1189, Nemanja received German emperor Frederick Barbarossa and his 100,000 crusaders at Niš. Niš is mentioned in descriptions of Serbia under Vukan in 1202, highlighting its special status. In 1203, Kaloyan of Bulgaria annexed Niš. Stefan Nemanjić later regained the region. The fall of the Serbian Empire , which was conquered by Ottoman Sultan Murad I in 1385, decided

2046-642: The city of Naissus became a large urban center. During the Roman conquest of the Balkans , between 168 and 75 BC, the city was used as a base of operations. Naissus was first mentioned in Roman documents near the beginning of the 2nd century CE, and was considered a place worthy of note in the Geography of Ptolemy of Alexandria. The Romans occupied the town during the Dardanian campaign (75–73 BC), and set up

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2112-457: The city of Prokuplje has 44,419 inhabitants. A total of 61.5% of its population is living in urban areas. As of 2022 census, the municipality has a population of 38,291 inhabitants. Prokuplje has 14,814 households with 3,00 members on average, while the number of homes is 22,898. Religion structure in Prokuplje is predominantly Serbian Orthodox (41,494), with minorities like Muslims (289), Atheists (122), Catholics (76) and others. Most of

2178-579: The city was ceded to Bulgaria. After the breakthrough of the Salonika front , the First Serbian Army commanded by general Petar Bojović liberated Niš on 12 October 1918. In the first few years after the war, Niš was recovering from the damage. In 1921, Niš became the centre of the Region (oblast), governed by a grand-župan, appointed by royal decree. From 1929 to 1941, Niš was the capital of

2244-463: The city was liberated in 1878 and became part of the Principality of Serbia , though not without great bloodshed—remnants of which can be found throughout the city. Today, Niš is one of the most important economic centers in Serbia, especially in the electronics, mechanical engineering, textile, and tobacco industries. Constantine the Great Airport is Niš's international airport. The city is also

2310-490: The city's central part, is at 194 m (636 ft) above sea level . The highest point in the city area is "Sokolov kamen" (Falcon's rock) on the Suva Planina ( Dry Mountain ) (1,523 m (4,997 ft)) while the lowest spot is at Trupale , near the mouth of the Nišava (173 m (568 ft)). The city covers 596.71 square kilometres (230 sq mi) of five municipalities. Below Niska Banja and Nis, under

2376-648: The city: Prokuplje has a weak economy, with most of the employed people working in public sector. In 2009, Leoni Wiring Systems Southeast opened a factory in Prokuplje, employing around 1,750 people as of 2013. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): Prokuplje is twinned with: Ni%C5%A1 Niš ( / ˈ n iː ʃ / ; Serbian Cyrillic : Ниш , Serbian pronunciation: [nîːʃ] ; names in other languages ), less often spelled in English as Nish ,

2442-664: The defeat of the Serbian forces, the Ottoman commander of Niš ordered the heads of the slain Serbs mounted on a tower to serve as a warning. The structure became known as Skull Tower ( Serbian : Ćele Kula ). In 1821, the Ottomans arrested the Bishop of Niš, Milentija, as well as 200 Serbian patriots, on charges of preparing an uprising in the Niš area in support of the Greek War of Independence . On June 13 of that year, Bishop Milentija and other Serbian leaders were hanged in public. In

2508-438: The development of Nish < Naiss- may also represent a regional development in late antiquity Balkans which, while closely related to Albanian (i.e. characterized by the same phonetic system), may not be identical with it. Attempts have been made to explain the place name in various ways as "a purely Slavic development", such as by Serbian linguist Aleksandar Loma , however, Austrian linguist Joachim Matzinger, who maintains

2574-430: The fate of Niš as well. After a 25-day-long siege the city fell to the Ottomans. It was returned to Serbian rule in 1443. Niš again fell under Ottoman rule in 1448, and remained thusly for 241 years. During Ottoman rule Niš was a seat of the empire's military and civil administration. A Silesian traveler stated in 1596 that the route from Sofia to Niš was littered with corpses and described the gates of Niš as bedecked with

2640-614: The first Christian emperor and the founder of Constantinople , Constantius III , Constans , Vetranio , Julian , Valentinian I , Valens ; and Justin I . Emperor Claudius Gothicus decisively defeated the Goths at the Battle of Naissus (present-day Niš). Later playing a prominent role in the history of the Byzantine Empire, the city's past would earn it the nickname Imperial City. After about 400 years of Ottoman rule,

2706-478: The first decades of the 18th century (1719–1723). It is well known as one of the most significant and best preserved monuments of this kind in the mid-Balkans. The Fortress was erected on the site of earlier fortifications – the ancient Roman, Byzantine, and later yet Medieval forts. During the First Serbian uprising in 1809, Serbian revolutionaries attempted to liberate Niš in the Battle of Čegar . After

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2772-465: The first printing house. In 1884, the first newspaper in the city Niški Vesnik was started. In 1884, Jovan Apel built a brewery. A railway line to Niš was built in 1884, as well as the city's railway station; on 8 August 1884, the first train arrived from Belgrade. In 1885, Niš became the last station of the Orient Express , until the railroad was built between Niš and Sofia in 1888. In 1887,

2838-594: The former Yugoslavia. In 1981, its GDP per capita was 110% of the Yugoslav average. As of September 2017, Niš has one of 14 free economic zones established in Serbia. The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022): Niš is one of the most important industrial centers in Serbia, well known for its tobacco, electronics, construction, mechanical-engineering, textile, nonferrous-metal, food-processing and rubber-goods industries. Among

2904-540: The freshly-severed heads of poor Bulgarian peasants. In 1689, Niš was seized by the Austrian army during the Great Turkish War , but the Ottomans regained it in 1690. In 1737, Niš was again seized by the Austrians , who attempted to rebuild the fortifications around the city. The same year, the Ottomans reclaimed the city without resistance. The existing fortification is of Ottoman Turkish origin, dating from

2970-430: The ground is a natural source of hot water, unique potential of clean and renewable geothermal energy at the surface of up to 65 square kilometers. According to some sources, the natural reservoir is at a depth of 500 to 800 meters, and the estimated capacity is about 400 million cubic meters of thermal mineral water. Niš has a humid subtropical climate , but with continental influences. Average annual temperature in

3036-479: The inhabitants of these abandoned villages were previously Albanian. From 1929 to 1941, Prokuplje was part of the Morava Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . During the First and Second World War Prokuplje was completely destroyed, but in the post-war period it became an industrial town. In June 2018, Prokuplje gained the status of a city , along with Bor . According to the official census done in 2011,

3102-501: The last Constantinian emperor, used Naissus, which had arms factories, as his base in the civil war and recruited Illyrians and others as soldiers for his campaign. In 364 AD, the imperial Villa Mediana 3 km (2 mi) was the site where emperors Valentinian and Valens met and divided the Roman Empire into halves which they would rule as co-emperors. It was besieged by the Huns in 441 and devastated in 448, and again in 480 when

3168-533: The manufacturing companies which had a huge impact during the second half of the 20th century on Niš's development are: EI Niš (electronics industry), Mechanical Industry Niš , "Građevinar" (construction company), Niš Tobacco Factory , "Nitex – Niš" (textile industry), "Niš Brewery" (beverages) and "Žitopek" (bakery). Other prominent companies which went bankrupt during the 1990s and 2000s are: "Vulkan" (rubber-goods manufacturer), "NISSAL" (nonferrous-metal industry). Prominent tobacco manufacturer "Niš Tobacco Factory"

3234-586: The partially-rebuilt town was demolished by the Barbarians . Byzantine Emperor Justinian I restored the town but it was destroyed by the Avars once again. The Slavs , in their campaign against Byzantium, conquered Niš and settled here in 540. In 805, the town and its surroundings were taken by Bulgarian Emperor Krum . In the 11th century Byzantium reclaimed control over Naissus and the surrounding area. King Solomon of Hungary and Prince Géza marched along

3300-502: The place was Urcub or Okrub . It was part of the Sanjak of Niš . During the Ottoman rule, in the period between the 16th and 17th centuries, the town's importance increased, similarly to other towns in the region, such as Kruševac , Stalac and Leskovac . Prokuplje prospered through the trade connections with Dubrovnik . During the Great Turkish War (1683–1699), there was a massive local rebellion of Christian Serbs in support of

3366-462: The population speaks Serbian language (249,949). The composition of population by sex and average age: A total of 120,562 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (53.81%), while the 51,471 citizens have higher education (23.0%). Of those with higher education, 34,409 (15.4%) have university education. The ethnic composition of the city of Niš: The city of Niš consists of five municipalities. The first four municipalities are in

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3432-418: The population speaks Serbian language (41,764). The composition of population by sex and average age: A total of 17,777 citizens (older than 15 years) have secondary education (47.1%), while the 5,002 citizens have higher education (13.3%). Of those with higher education, 2,700 (7.2%) have university education. Most of Prokuplje's population is of Serb ethnicity (92.16%). The ethnic composition of

3498-509: The pre-war ca. 8,500. The Albanian bazaar in Niš was destroyed. 12 out of 15 mosques and about 1,300 out of 4,000 houses were torn down, while the rest of the Muslim houses were sold at discounted prices. The destruction of buildings owned by Muslims, Jews and recalcitrant Christians was followed by the widening of streets and other measures to "modernise" the town and weaken its Ottoman outlook. Albanian traders who wanted to stay were subjected to

3564-533: The river mouths and mountain slopes; both peoples inhabited other regions of the South Morava river basin. The town of Prokuplje had Albanian majority under the Ottoman rule. In 1877, the entire Toplica region was captured from the Ottomans by Serbian forces, with Prokuplje changing hands on 19 December 1877. The Berlin Congress of 1878 recognised the city and the wider area as part of Serbia. During

3630-416: The seat of the University of Niš , the Eparchy of Niš and the Command of Serbian Army . In 2013, the city was host to the celebration of 1700 years of Constantine's Edict of Milan . Niš was known as Нишь or Ньшь ( Nyšь ) in Old Serbian and Old Bulgarian . Nāissus is the Ancient name of the city. Naissus is itself probably a derivative of the older * Nāviskos , from * Nāvia ("trough valley"),

3696-409: The south slopes of Jastrebac in Donja Bresnica village. The Vinča period is preserved at the Pločnik site , situated on the left side of the road from Prokuplje to Kursumlija , 19 km [12 mi] west of Prokuplje, underneath the modern village , on the left bank of the Toplica river. Together with Belovode, Pločnik is one of two Vinča culture sites from Serbia considered (as of 2014)

3762-399: The territory of modern-day Prokuplje was part of the Bulgarian Empire . The city is named after the " Fortress of St. Procopios ", first mentioned in 1395. The Ottomans seized the city during their conquest of Serbia, but had to return it in 1444 following the Peace of Szeged . In 1454, Prokuplje was besieged by the Ottomans and during the next 423 years of Ottomans rule the name of

3828-420: The tribes of the region, this part of Serbia became a part of the Roman province of Moesia . At the time the settlement was known as Hammeum or Hameo , its oldest preserved name. It was located on the Roman Via Militaris , a road that connected the central Balkans with the Adriatic , passing through nearby Naissus ( Niš ). In July 2008 a major Roman spa was unearthed. At the end of the 4th century AD, when

3894-399: The urban area of Niš, while Niška Banja is a suburban municipality. Before 2002, the city of Niš had only two municipalities, one of them named "Niš" and another named "Niška Banja". The city of Niš includes further neighborhoods: The city of Niš is the administrative, industrial, commercial, financial and cultural center of the south-eastern part of Republic of Serbia. The position of Niš

3960-466: The valley of the river Great Morava as far as Niš. The Hungarians seized the Byzantine city without any resistance in 1072. During the People's Crusade , on 3 July 1096, Peter the Hermit clashed with Byzantine forces at Naissus. Manuel I fortified the town, but under his successor Andronikos I it was seized by the Hungarian king Béla III . Byzantine control was eventually reestablished, but in 1185 it fell under Serbian control. By 1188, Niš became

4026-423: The worldwide earliest to produce evidence of copper smelting. The occupation periods are between c. 5350-4650 BC for Belovode and 5200-4650 BC for Pločnik, making Pločnik the second-oldest copper smelting site so far discovered anywhere in the world. There are two theories about the emergence of metalworking : the smelting technology was either discovered in one region only, at or near the Fertile Crescent in what

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4092-458: Was built in 1912 on the Trupale field, and the first aeroplane arrived on 29 December 1912. The city's museum was founded in 1913. During the First Balkan War , Niš was the seat of The Main Headquarters of the Serbian Army, which led military operations against the Ottoman Empire . In World War I , Niš was the wartime capital of Serbia, hosting the Government and the National Assembly, until Central Powers conquered Serbia in November 1915, when

4158-461: Was founded in 1879 and the famous Serbian writer Stevan Sremac , a native of Niš, was its first clerk. The first hotel, Europe , was built in 1879; shortly after the first district hospital and the first bank started operating in 1881. In 1878, the first Grammar School (Gimnazija), in 1882 the Teacher Training College, and in 1894, the Girls' College were founded in Niš. The City Hall was built from 1882 to 1887. In 1883, Kosta Čendaš established

4224-580: Was incorporated into the Kingdom of Serbia in 1878. The Toplica district is located in southern Serbia , in the central part of the Balkan peninsula . Prokuplje is located between municipalities of Blace , Kuršumlija , Bojnik , Žitorađa , Merošina , Aleksinac , and Kruševac . Prokuplje has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfa ). The traces of early settlements can be found at Neolithic sites such as Macina (near Zitni Potok), Kavolak 6 kilometres (4 miles) west of Prokuplje (village Donja Trnava ) and settlements on

4290-406: Was spoken in the region in pre-Slavic antiquity. According to Ismajli (2015), when this settlement happened is a matter of debate, as Proto-Albanians might have moved relatively late in antiquity in the area which might have been an eastern expansion of Proto-Albanian settlement as no other toponyms known in antiquity in the area presuppose an Albanian development. It cannot be ruled out however that

4356-404: Was the site of a NATO cluster bomb raid which killed 16 civilians. By the end of the NATO bombing campaign, a total of 56 people in Niš had been killed from airstrikes. In April 2012, the Russian-Serbian Humanitarian Center was established in the city of Niš. In December 2017, a new building of Clinical Centre of Niš spreading over 45,000 square meters was opened. The road running from

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