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High court (Taiwan)

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Lai Ching-te ( DPP )

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47-1180: Hsiao Bi-khim ( DPP ) Cho Jung-tai ( DPP ) 11th Legislative Yuan Han Kuo-yu ( KMT ) Shieh Ming-yan acting Vacant Vacant Vacant Control Yuan Chen Chu Lee Hung-chun Local government Central Election Commission Kuomintang Democratic Progressive Party Taiwan People's Party Others New Power Party Taiwan Statebuilding Party People First Party Taiwan Solidarity Union New Party Non-Partisan Solidarity Union Newspapers United Daily News Liberty Times China Times Taipei Times Propaganda Censorship Film censorship Lin Chia-lung Cross-Strait relations Special state-to-state relations One Country on Each Side 1992 Consensus Taiwan consensus Chinese Taipei Australia–Taiwan relations Canada–Taiwan relations France–Taiwan relations Russia–Taiwan relations Taiwan–United Kingdom relations Taiwan–United States relations Republic of China (1912–1949) Chinese Civil War One-China policy China and

94-470: A New York Mets game, celebrating the 16th annual Mets Taiwan Day. On 17 August 2022, in the aftermath of then Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi 's visit to Taiwan on 2–3 August, China blacklisted seven Taiwanese officials including Hsiao due to their alleged support for Taiwanese independence . The blacklist bans them from entering mainland China and

141-511: A Japanese national and becoming the koshu (head of the Japanese house) would enter the foreign spouse into the family registry of said citizen, making them a citizen as well (or for the Japanese spouse to lose their family registry, and by extension their Japanese citizenship). Yakumo Koizumi , the first-ever naturalised Japanese subject, gained Japanese citizenship in such a manner. Any person born in wedlock to at least one Japanese parent

188-676: A Taiwanese father and an American mother, Hsiao grew up in Tainan , Taiwan , before moving to the United States . She graduated from Oberlin College and Columbia University with a master's degree in political science. A member of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), she is an important figure in the party's foreign policy circles. She formerly served as a vice president of Liberal International . Hsiao

235-613: A number of issues in the legislature, notably women's rights , the rights of foreigners in Taiwan, and other human rights . Hsiao supported amending the Nationality Law to allow individuals born to at least one parent of ROC nationality to also claim ROC nationality irrespective of age, and has also proposed and cosponsored anti-discrimination and anti-domestic violence amendments to the Immigration Act. She has also been

282-622: A person may have dual citizenship of Japan and another country, including: In 2019, Japanese citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 189 countries and territories, ranking the Japanese passport as tied for first (along with Singapore ) in the world according to the Henley Passport Index . In 2017, the Japanese nationality is ranked twenty-ninth in the Nationality Index (QNI). This index differs from

329-809: A proponent of animal rights , proposing amendments to the Animal Protection Act, and also pushed for the passage of the Sexual Harassment Prevention Act in January 2005. In May 2005, Hsiao represented the DPP at the annual congress of Liberal International in Sofia , Bulgaria , during which she was elected a vice-president of the organization. Hsiao alleged that she and other DPP representatives were followed throughout their visit to Bulgaria by two unidentified persons sent by

376-646: A “diehard ‘ Taiwan independence ’ separatist”, and that there should be no form of contact between US government officials and Hsiao. Later on the same month, Hsiao visited Czech Republic where she was invited to speak at the Czech think tank Sinopsis. In response to her visit to the Czech Republic, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian stated that the Czech government should "severely restrain certain (Czech) politicians" and "take effective measures to remove

423-742: Is a Taiwanese politician and diplomat who has been the 13th and current vice president of the Republic of China since 2024, serving under President Lai Ching-te . She is Taiwan's first biracial vice president. She was the Taiwanese representative to the United States from 2020 to 2023, and formerly served as a legislator of the Legislative Yuan from 2002 to 2008 and again between 2012 and 2020. Born in Kōbe , Hyōgo Prefecture , Japan , to

470-827: Is also vice chairman of the Taiwan Tibet Exchange Foundation, a member of the board of trustees of the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy, a member of the executive committee of the Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats , and a founding member of the Taiwan Association for Women in Sport (台灣女子體育運動協會). From 2010, Hsiao spent a decade representing the DPP in Hualien County , a strongly pro-Kuomintang conservative region. In

517-570: Is automatically a Japanese national, regardless of the place of birth. Children born in Japan to parents who are stateless or have an unknown status may become Japanese nationals after three years of residence. Adopted children of Japanese nationals have a further reduced residence requirement of one year. Persons born to a Japanese parent and foreign national who are unmarried but acknowledged as their natural children, or such parents who marry after birth, may acquire Japanese nationality by notification to

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564-513: Is composed of one division chief judge and two associate judges. Additionally, each high court and its branch courts have a clerical bureau, which is headed by a chief clerk who assists the president with administrative affairs. Cases before the high courts or its branch courts are heard and decided by a panel of three judges. However, one of the judges may conduct preparatory proceedings. The court has seven civil courts, each of which has one presiding judge and three judges to handle civil appeals of

611-413: Is not a legal requirement. Japanese nationals who voluntarily acquire a foreign nationality automatically lose their Japanese nationality. Those who involuntarily hold a foreign nationality are required to choose between their Japanese or foreign status before the age of 22, or within two years of obtaining the other nationality if acquired after age 20. Dual nationals who fail to make this choice within

658-434: Is the 1950 Nationality Act. Children born to at least one Japanese parent are generally automatically nationals at birth. Birth in Japan does not by itself entitle a child to Japanese nationality, except when a child would otherwise be stateless . Foreign nationals may acquire citizenship by naturalization after living in the country for at least five years and renouncing any previous nationalities. The distinction between

705-426: Is used in Japanese to refer to state membership. A naturalized individual receives the same rights as a native-born Japanese person after obtaining kokuseki and becoming a national ( 国民 , kokumin ) . The word "citizenship" ( 市民権 , shiminken ) has several meanings but is typically used to describe a person's political rights and status in a country. Prior to 1947, in an example of jus matrimonii , marrying

752-611: The Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong and Yunnan . After World War II , the Taiwan High Court was established under the Judicial Yuan , with more high court branches being established for the increasing population. The high courts and its branches exercise jurisdiction over the following cases: The high courts and its branch courts are divided into civil, criminal and specialized divisions. Each division

799-746: The High Court of the Government-General of Taiwan ( 臺灣總督府高等法院 , Taiwan Sōtokufu Kōtō Hōin ) was established in Taihoku . This was the supreme court of Taiwan in the Japanese era . Note that the Empire of Japan was granted extraterritoriality in China from late 19th century until World War II . This also handled the trial cases appealed from Taihoku District court ( 臺北地方法院 ) regarding Japanese citizens (including Taiwanese and Korean) in

846-478: The Minister of Justice . Foreigners over the age of 18 (or age 20 prior to April 1, 2022) may become Japanese citizens by naturalization after residing in the country for at least five years, renouncing any previous nationalities, and proving self-sufficiency through their occupation or existing financial assets. Applicants should be able to demonstrate elementary knowledge of the Japanese language , though this

893-690: The People's Republic of China embassy in Sofia. The same month, Hsiao also started a campaign to encourage Taiwanese baseball fans to write e-mails to the New York Yankees to ask them to keep Taiwanese pitcher Chien-Ming Wang at the major league level . Hsiao was one of the DPP lawmakers targeted by some party supporters as being insufficiently loyal, with a pro-independence radio show dubbing her "Chinese Khim" (中國琴) in March 2007, charging that she

940-592: The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau , and restricts them from working with Chinese officials. Chinese state-run tabloid Global Times labelled Hsiao and the six officials as "diehard secessionists". In April 2023, Hsiao was sanctioned by China for the second time in aftermath of the meeting between President of Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen and then Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Kevin McCarthy in

987-504: The Tokyo 2020 Olympics . Osaka is not able to speak Japanese fluently and has been living outside Japan for the majority of her life. Although, to a certain extent, Japanese nationals are ethnically or racially diverse, this diversity among Japanese nationals tends not to be recognised by the State, as any Japanese nationals (whether born in Japan or naturalised) are regarded as Japanese in

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1034-633: The United States as a teenager and graduated from Montclair High School in Montclair, New Jersey . Hsiao graduated from Oberlin College in 1993 with a Bachelor of Arts in East Asian studies. She then did graduate study in political science at Columbia University and received a Master of Arts in 1995. In the United States, Hsiao became active with the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) representative office in

1081-648: The World Health Assembly , Hsiao called for Taiwan's inclusion in the forum at the Aesthetic Medicine World Congress and Taiwan Dermatology Aesthetics Conference in Taipei. In August 2024, China's Taiwan Affairs Office added a new section to its website, listing 10 Taiwanese politicians and officials including Hsiao as "die-hard Taiwanese independence separatists." In response, Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council criticized

1128-532: The inauguration of US President Joe Biden , the first time Taiwan's US representative had officially attended a US presidential inauguration since the US broke off diplomatic relations with Taiwan in 1979. Standing in front of the US Capitol at the inauguration, she said "Democracy is our common language and freedom is our common objective." On Taiwan National Day 2021, Hsiao threw the ceremonial first pitch before

1175-664: The DPP’s third consecutive presidential race victory. In March 2024, she made a personal visit to the United States, her first foreign travel since being elected as the vice president. In response to her visit, the spokesperson of the Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States Liu Pengyu said that "Beijing firmly opposed any visit by Hsiao to the US in any name or under whatever pretext" and called Hsiao

1222-557: The Legislative Yuan upon the end of her term in 2020, and was subsequently named an adviser to the National Security Council in March 2020. That June, Hsiao was appointed Taiwan's representative to the United States. She succeeded Stanley Kao , and was the first woman to assume the role. Hsiao was sworn in to the office on 20 July 2020. On 20 January 2021, Hsiao was officially invited to and attended

1269-406: The US as Taiwan's top representative to the country. As Taiwan's envoy, she said that she would combat China's allegedly aggressive " wolf warrior " (戰狼) diplomacy with her own brand of "cat warrior" (戰貓) diplomacy. Japanese nationality law Japanese Nationality Law details the conditions by which a person holds nationality of Japan . The primary law governing nationality regulations

1316-487: The US, serving as an activity coordinator. On returning to Taiwan, Hsiao became the party's international affairs director, and represented the party at various international conferences for over a decade. After Chen Shui-bian took office as the President of the Republic of China in 2000, Hsiao served as his interpreter and advisor for nearly two years. Her dual US and Republic of China (Taiwan) citizenship while she

1363-590: The United Nations Chinese unification Taiwan independence movement Taiwanese nationalism Tangwai movement The high courts ( Chinese : 高等法院 ; pinyin : Gāoděng Fǎyuàn ; Pe̍h-ōe-jī : Ko-téng Hoat-īⁿ ) are the intermediate appellate courts under the law of Taiwan . The modern court system of Taiwan was founded in 1896, under the Japanese era . Currently there are six high courts and branches in Taiwan . In 1896,

1410-466: The United States. The second set of sanctions also include preventing investors and firms related to the sanctioned individuals from cooperating with mainland China organisations and individuals. On 20 November 2023, Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) presidential candidate Lai Ching-te officially named Hsiao his vice presidential candidate for the 2024 presidential election . On 13 January 2024, Lai and Hsiao were elected president and vice president in

1457-403: The age of 21 holding foreign nationalities, but this was later rejected. The plaintiffs expressed a feeling of a loss of identity in their inability to hold onto dual nationalities. The government has argued that allowing dual nationality for adults in Japan could 'cause conflict in the rights and obligations between countries, as well as between the individual and the state'. However, no evidence

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1504-427: The census regardless of their ethnic backgrounds. Dual citizenship of Japan and another country is prohibited in some cases due to the provisions for loss of Japanese nationality when a Japanese national naturalizes in another country (see "Loss of citizenship" above), and the requirement to renounce one's existing citizenships when naturalizing in Japan (see "Naturalization" above). There are still some ways in which

1551-704: The court manages several professional courts such as the Professional Court of Fair Trade Cases, Family Professional Court, Professional Court of International Trade, Maritime Professional Court, Professional Court of State Compensation, Professional Court of Anti-corruption, Professional Court of Intellectual Property Rights, Professional Court of Juvenile Delinquency, Professional Court of Serious Criminal Cases, Professional Court of Public Security, Professional Court of Fair Trade Act, Professional Court of Sexual Harassment, etc. Hsiao Bi-khim Hsiao Bi-khim (born Bi-khim Louise Hsiao ; 7 August 1971)

1598-539: The magazine for libel in civil court. The magazine was eventually ordered to apologize and issue corrections admitting it had fabricated the story. During her political career, Hsiao and fellow legislators Cheng Li-chun and Chiu Yi-ying gained the nickname "the S.H.E of the DPP." Hsiao has been a long-time supporter of gender equality and LGBT rights in Taiwan . Hsiao is a cat lover, saying in July 2020 that she planned to take her four cats with her when she moved to

1645-471: The meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country. Generally, nationality refers a person's legal belonging to a country and is the common term used in international treaties when referring to members of a state; citizenship refers to the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation. The term "nationality" ( 国籍 , kokuseki )

1692-481: The move as hindering positive exchanges between the two sides. Her father, Hsiao Ching-fen, was a former president of the Tainan Theological College and Seminary . In November 2000, The Journalist , a local tabloid magazine, wrongly claimed to have been told by Vice President Annette Lu that Hsiao was having an affair with President Chen. No evidence supported the false claim, and Lu sued

1739-545: The negative influence of this incident." During her visit to the Czech Republic, a car belonging to a diplomat from the military section of the PRC embassy in Prague was stopped by authorities after running a red light while apparently tailing Hsiao's convoy. Czech authorities launched an investigation in response to the incident. In May 2024, concurrent with a bipartisan trip to Geneva to advocate for Taiwan's participation in

1786-465: The prescribed time period can be required by the Minister of Justice to provide a declaration of nationality within one month; further failure to state a choice of nationality results in automatic loss of Japanese nationality. Persons who were born in another country, acquired a foreign citizenship at birth, and chose not to retain Japanese nationality are regarded as having lost their Japanese status at

1833-592: The same year, she lost with a slim minority in a by-election, but was still regarded as having broken the " iron vote " of the Kuomintang. She then set up a Hualien service office, and continued making weekly journeys between Taipei and Hualien. Hsiao returned to the Legislative Yuan in February 2012, elected via party list proportional representation. In 2016, Hsiao succeeded Wang Ting-son as legislator for Hualien County . In 2018, an unsuccessful recall campaign

1880-628: The same year. In the legislative elections of December 2004, Hsiao was reelected to the Legislative Yuan representing Taipei's first constituency , covering the northern districts of Xinyi , Songshan , Nangang , Neihu , Shilin , and Beitou . As a legislator, she served on the Foreign and Overseas Affairs Committee (外交及僑務委員會), the Procedure Committee (程序委員會), and the Discipline Committee (紀律委員會). Hsiao worked on

1927-488: The second instance and counter-appeal cases under the system of collegial panels, but they do not deal with simple litigation. The Court has eleven criminal courts, each of which has one presiding judge and two or three judges to handle criminal appeals of the second instance and counter-appeal cases under the system of collegial panels as well as litigation of the first instance concerning civil strife, foreign aggression or violation of foreign relations. Based on various needs,

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1974-431: The time of birth. In November 2008, Liberal Democratic Party member Tarō Kōno submitted a proposal to allow offspring of mixed-nationality couples in which one parent is Japanese to have more than one nationality. The proposal also calls for foreigners to be allowed to obtain Japanese nationality without losing their original citizenship. In 2018, a lawsuit was put forward to challenge the ban on Japanese citizens over

2021-457: Was born on 7 August 1971 in Kōbe , Japan . Her father Hsiao Ching-fen is Taiwanese while her mother Peggy Cooley is American . Hsiao's maternal family's presence in the United States dates back to the Mayflower (1620). Hsiao grew up in the city of Tainan in southern Taiwan. She spoke Mandarin , Taiwanese , and English , and she was raised in a Presbyterian family. She moved to

2068-433: Was close to the DPP's former New Tide faction . Defended by some other DPP members, Hsiao was still not nominated to stand for re-election by the DPP in the January 2008 legislative elections , a move some attributed to being the result of that controversy. Hsiao left the Legislative Yuan after her term expired on 31 January 2008. She served as spokesperson for Frank Hsieh 's unsuccessful 2008 presidential campaign. She

2115-564: Was holding a government position became an issue, and she renounced her US citizenship in 2002, as required by the Civil Servants Employment Law passed in 2000. In January 2001, Hsiao announced her intention to run for the Legislative Yuan on the DPP ticket as a supplementary member representing overseas constituencies, citing her experience in international relations. She was subsequently elected in December

2162-454: Was offered to substantiate this claim. Many mixed race Japanese citizens (often called hāfu ) also express facing a lost identity when having to choose whether or not they keep their Japanese nationality at age 21. This issue was brought to light when Naomi Osaka chose to surrender her US citizenship because of this law. Despite this, she has subsequently faced criticism as to the validity of her 'Japanese-ness' in her role as torch-bearer in

2209-523: Was organized against Hsiao because of her strong support for same-sex marriage legalization. Hsiao did not yield to pressure, and continued to speak out for Hualien Pride. In August 2019, she received the Democratic Progressive Party nomination to run for another term in Hualien County. She lost her seat to Fu Kun-chi in the 2020 legislative elections. Pan-Green Other Republic of China rule Japanese rule Hsiao stepped down from

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