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Don (river)

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  Ryazan Oblast ,

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38-425: [REDACTED]   Lipetsk Oblast , [REDACTED]   Voronezh Oblast , [REDACTED]   Volgograd Oblast , The Don ( Russian : Дон , romanized :  don ) is the fifth-longest river in Europe. Flowing from Central Russia to the Sea of Azov in Southern Russia , it is one of Russia's largest rivers and played an important role for traders from the Byzantine Empire . Its basin

76-531: A 2012 survey 71.3% of the population of Lipetsk Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church , 3% are unaffiliated generic Christians , 1% are Muslims , and 1% of the population adheres to the Slavic native faith (Rodnovery) movement. In addition, 15% of the population declares to be "spiritual but not religious", 6% is atheist , and 2.7% follows other religions or did not give an answer to

114-509: A great eastern curve, including Voronezh , making its final stretch, an estuary , run west south-west . The main city on the river is Rostov-on-Don . Its main tributary is the Seversky Donets , centred on the mid-eastern end of Ukraine, thus the other country in the overall basin. To the east of a series of three great ship locks and associated ponds is the 101-kilometre (63 mi) Volga–Don Canal . The name Don could stem from

152-621: A waterway connecting this lake (by Gastaldo labeled Ioanis Lago , by Mercator Odoium lac. Iwanowo et Jeztoro ) to Ryazan and the Oka River. Mercator shows Mtsensk ( Msczene ) as a great city on this waterway, suggesting a system of canals connecting the Don with the Zusha ( Schat ) and Upa ( Uppa ) centered on a settlement Odoium , reported as Odoium lacum ( Juanow ozero ) in the map made by Baron Augustin von Mayerberg , leader of an embassy to

190-469: Is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast ). Its administrative center is the city of Lipetsk . As of the 2021 Census , its population was 1,143,224. Lipetsk Oblast borders with Ryazan Oblast (NE), Tambov Oblast (E), Voronezh Oblast (S), Kursk Oblast (SW), Oryol Oblast (W), and Tula Oblast (NW). According to archaeologists and historians, the territory of the modern Lipetsk Oblast has been inhabited since ancient times. Even before

228-651: Is a broad, deep waterway capable of transporting oil tanker size vessels. It is one of two which enables ships to depart the Caspian Sea , the other, a series, connected to the Baltic Sea . The level of the Don where connected is raised by the Tsimlyansk Dam, forming the Tsimlyansk Reservoir . For the next 130 kilometres (81 mi) below the Tsimlyansk Dam, the sufficient depth of the Don

266-423: Is also well developed. Population: 1,143,224 ( 2021 Census ) ; 1,173,513 ( 2010 Census ) ; 1,213,499 ( 2002 Census ) ; 1,230,220 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Vital statistics for 2022: Total fertility rate (2022): 1.20 children per woman Life expectancy (2021): Total — 68.58 years (male — 63.89, female — 73.30) Ethnic composition (2010): According to

304-686: Is between the Dnieper basin to the west, the lower Volga basin immediately to the east, and the Oka basin (tributary of the Volga) to the north. Native to much of the basin were Slavic nomads. The Don rises in the town of Novomoskovsk 60 kilometres (37 mi) southeast of Tula (in turn 193 kilometres (120 mi) south of Moscow), and flows 1,870 kilometres to the Sea of Azov . The river's upper half meanders subtly south; however, its lower half consists of

342-490: Is maintained by dredging. In order to improve shipping conditions in the lower reaches of the Don, the waterway authorities support plans for one or two more low dams with locks. These will be in Bagayevsky District and possibly Aksaysky District . Main tributaries from source to mouth: Lipetsk Oblast Lipetsk Oblast ( Russian : Липецкая область , romanized :  Lipetskaya oblastʹ )

380-548: Is maintained by the sequence of three dam-and-ship-lock complexes: the Nikolayevsky Ship Lock ( Николаевский гидроузел ), Konstantinovsk Ship Lock ( Константиновский гидроузел ), and the best known of the three, the Kochetovsky Ship Lock ( Кочетовский гидроузел ). The Kochetovsky Lock, built in 1914–19 and doubled in 2004–08, is 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) downstream of the discharge of

418-484: Is the fundamental law of the region. The current charter was adopted on 27 March, 2003. The Lipetsk Oblast Council of Deputies is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Council of Deputies consists of 56 deputies elected for a five-year term by the Oblast's inhabitants and exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of

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456-797: Is the highest official, who is elected by the Oblast's inhabitants for a five year term and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia . Since 2019, the Governor is Igor Artamonov . Representatives of the Lipetsk Oblast in the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are: Representatives of the Lipetsk Oblast in

494-617: The Antes inhabited the Don and other areas of Southern and Central Russia . The area around the Don was influenced by the Byzantine Empire because the river was important for traders from Byzantium. In antiquity, the river was viewed as the border between Europe and Asia by some ancient Greek geographers. In the Book of Jubilees , it is mentioned as being part of the border, beginning with its easternmost point up to its mouth, between

532-857: The Avestan word dānu- ("river, stream"). According to the Kurgan hypothesis , the Volga-Don river region was the homeland of the Proto-Indo-Europeans around 4,000 BC. The Don river functioned as a fertile cradle of civilization where the Neolithic farmer culture of the Near East fused with the hunter-gatherer culture of Siberian groups, resulting in the nomadic pastoralism of the Proto-Indo-Europeans. The east Slavic tribe of

570-690: The Golden Horde . In 1371, the Muscovites defeated prince Oleg II Ivanovich of Ryazan in the Battle of Skornishchevo ; he was exiled for six months before returning to his throne. In 1380, Oleg II did not take part in the Battle of Kulikovo , although he was an ally of Mamai . During almost all its history, the Ryazan Principality conflicted with its provincial Pronsk Principality until Ryazan completely annexed Pronsk in 1483 during

608-633: The Grand Principality of Ryazan (Russian: Великое княжество Рязанское ), was a principality from 1129 to 1521. Its capital was the city of Ryazan , now known as Old Ryazan, which was destroyed in 1237 during the Mongol invasions . The capital was moved to Pereyaslavl-Ryazansky, later renamed Ryazan. Initially a part of the Principality of Murom , it fully split off from the Principality of Chernigov by 1129 as Murom-Ryazan . Murom

646-476: The Seversky Donets and 131 kilometres (81 mi) upstream of Rostov-on-Don . It is at 47°34′07″N 40°51′10″E  /  47.56861°N 40.85278°E  / 47.56861; 40.85278 . This facility, with its dam, maintains a navigable head of water locally and into the lowermost stretch of the Seversky Donets. This is presently the last lock on the Don; below it, deep-draught navigation

684-562: The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation are: The most important industrial branches are the iron processing and the mechanical engineering . The most industrialized cities are Lipetsk , the administrative center, and Yelets . The region's fuel and energy complex is represented by petroleum product marketing companies, a network of consumer gas pipelines, and a power grid. The largest companies in

722-514: The Lipetsk region within a modern fortress stood out: Good, Sokolsk and Usman. Near the plants have populations of workers. One of these settlements was working Lipetsk settlement that gave rise to the city of Lipetsk. At this time, because of the creation of the Navy and the regular army increased the need for flax, hemp and wool . So begins to actively develop agriculture. The 18th century saw

760-637: The Scythian name of the Tanais as Silys . According to an anonymous Greek source, which historically (but not certainly) has been attributed to Plutarch , the Don was home to the legendary Amazons of Greek mythology . The area around the estuary has been speculated to be the source of the Black Death in the mid-14th century. While the lower Don was well known to ancient geographers, its middle and upper reaches were not mapped with any accuracy before

798-505: The Tsardom of Russia in 1661. In modern literature, the Don region was featured in the work And Quiet Flows the Don by Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov , a Nobel-prize winning writer from the stanitsa of Veshenskaya . At its easternmost point, the Don comes within 100 kilometres (62 mi) of the Volga . The Volga–Don Canal , 101 kilometres (65 mi), connects the two. It

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836-596: The allotments of the sons of Noah , that of Japheth to the north and that of Shem to the south. During the times of the old Scythians it was known in Greek as the Tanaïs ( Τάναϊς ) and has been a major trading route ever since. Tanais appears in ancient Greek sources as both the name of the river and of a city on it, situated in the Maeotian marshes . Greeks also called the river Iazartes ( Ἰαζάρτης ). Pliny gives

874-564: The arrival of the Mongol-Tatar troops, the area had the following settlements: Yelets, Dobrinsk (presumed to be the village of Dobroye) Dubok (presumed to be the village Dubki) ( Dankovsky District ), Staroye Gorodische (presumably Bogorodskoye of the Dankovsky district) Vorgol (destroyed), Onuza (destroyed), Voronozh (destroyed), Lipets (destroyed) and others. During the Mongol invasion of Rus' , many fortified cities were destroyed. At

912-461: The beginning of the period belonged to the disintegration of the Principality of Chernigov . After 1202, after the fall of Chernigov, Prince Igor Svyatoslavich Yelets arose, Lipetsk and Vorgolskoe fiefdoms. Taking advantage of the weakness of the Principality of Chernigov, Ryazan princes seized all the lands of the upper Don, Voronezh River and annexed them. The newly acquired territories in

950-672: The continued growth of large land estates. Lipetsk region, with its rich black earth, was the breadbasket of the Russian state. Subsequently, it became widely known as a resort town, mainly because of its mineral waters. During the February Revolution , the October Revolution of 1917 and the Russian Civil War , the lives of many cultural values, private collections of art and literature, but because of

988-623: The ensuing repression against the church and the "bourgeois past" seriously affected the architectural ensembles of the estates of the nobility, monasteries and churches. The modern oblast was formed by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on January 6, 1954 from parts of Voronezh , Ryazan , Tambov , Tula and Oryol Oblasts . During the Soviet period,

1026-479: The gradual conquest of the area by the Tsardom of Russia in the 16th century. The Don Cossacks , who settled the fertile valley of the river in the 16th and 17th centuries, were named after the river. The fort of Donkov was founded by the princes of Ryazan in the late 14th century. The fort stood on the left bank of the Don, about 34 kilometres (21 mi) from the modern town of Dankov , until 1568, when it

1064-563: The high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Lipetsk CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of Lipetsk Oblast

1102-425: The influence of the neighboring northern principality of Vladimir, but he was defeated by another Ryazan prince Ingvar Igorevich who in turn became a sole ruler of the state. In December 1237, the duchy became the first of all other former states of Kievan Rus' to suffer from the Mongol invasion . The duchy was completely overrun, with almost the whole princely family killed, the capital destroyed and later moved to

1140-594: The laws and other legal acts passed by it. The current head of the Council of Deputies is Pavel Putilin . The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who

1178-678: The present-day location of Ryazan , located 40 miles north from the original site of the capital today known as Ryazan Staraya (Old Ryazan). In 1238, some of the armed forces of Ryazan withdrew to unite with the Vladimir-Suzdal army and meet with the forces of Batu Khan near Kolomna . In 1301 Prince Daniel of Moscow took Ryazan due to the boyars ' betrayal and imprisoned Prince Konstantin Romanovich  [ ru ] . In 1305 Daniel's son Prince Yury of Moscow ordered his death. The two next successors of Konstantin were killed by

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1216-585: The question. The world's first hyperboloid structure — a steel open-work lattice tower —is located in Polibino , Dankovsky District of Lipetsk Oblast. The hyperboloid tower was built and patented in 1896 by the famous Russian engineer and scientist Vladimir Shukhov . The hyperboloid structures were subsequently built by other architects, such as Antoni Gaudí , Le Corbusier , and Oscar Niemeyer . Principality of Ryazan The Principality of Ryazan ( Russian : Рязанское княжество ), later known as

1254-405: The region include NLMK (revenues of $ 7.06 billion in 2017), Cherkizovo Pig Farming ($ 421.65 million), JSC Progress (baby food manufacturer$ , 347.94 million), and the local branch of Indesit ($ 342.8 million). Crop cultivation and horticulture form the basis of the region's agriculture. Livestock farming specializes in cattle , pigs , goats , sheep , and poultry . The processing industry

1292-454: The south of the Ryazan principality subsequently used the name "Ryazan Ukraine." The revival of the territory began after the expulsion of the nomads. In a relatively short period of time (end of the 16th and early 17th centuries) were built fortified city: Duncan Talitskii jail, Eletskaya fortress Lebedian. In 1635, construction began on a strong fortified line - Belgorod defense line, which in

1330-532: Was a culmination point in the history of Ryazan when during the civil war inside the Duchy six leaders of the state were killed by Gleb Vladimirovich who later defected to the Cumans . Around that time the duchy came under significant influence of Vladimir-Suzdal which was a factor in the fight of Ryazan to resume its sovereignty. In 1217, Gleb Vladimirovich with the support of Cumans tried to take Ryazan back out of

1368-625: Was destroyed by the Crimean Tatars , but was soon restored at a better fortified location. It is shown as Donko in Mercator 's Atlas (1596). Donkov was again relocated in 1618, appearing as Donkagorod in Joan Blaeu 's map of 1645. Both Blaeu and Mercator follow the 16th-century cartographic tradition of letting the Don originate in a great lake, labeled Resanskoy ozera by Blaeu. Mercator follows Giacomo Gastaldo (1551) in showing

1406-432: Was ousted from Chernigov by Vsevolod Olgovich , which remained in possession of his descendants after he died in 1129. The political centre of the principality was later moved to Ryazan. By the end of the 12th century, the principality waged wars with the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Vladimir . In the course of that stand-off, the city of Ryazan was burned twice in a span of twenty years from 1186 to 1208. In 1217, there

1444-412: Was taken by Moscow in 1392, while Ryazan later became dependent on Moscow and was formally taken over by Vasili in 1521, and incorporated into the centralized Russian state. It maintained its formal independence longer than any other Russian principality. Initially a part of the Principality of Chernigov , Murom-Ryazan became a separate principality under the reign of Yaroslav Sviatoslavich after he

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