73-718: Taï National Park ( Parc National de Taï ) is a national park in Ivory Coast that contains one of the last areas of primary rainforest in West Africa . It was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1982 due to the diversity of its flora and fauna . Five mammal species of the Taï National Park are on the Red List of Threatened Species : pygmy hippopotamus , olive colobus monkeys, leopards , chimpanzees , and Jentink's duiker . Taï National Park
146-670: A WWF / IUCN Centre of Plant Diversity and in the center of endemism of eastern Liberia and western Côte d'Ivoire , probably as the result of having been an Ice Age refugium, having over 50 species endemic to the region. The park contains some 1,300 species of higher plants of which 54% occur only in the Guinean zone. The vegetation is predominantly dense evergreen ombrophilous forest of Upper Guinean type of 40–60 m emergent trees with massive trunks and large buttresses or stilt roots. Two main types of forest can be recognised grading from diverse moist evergreen forest with leguminous trees in
219-425: A magnificent park ... A nation's Park , containing man and beast, in all the wild and freshness of their nature's beauty!" The first effort by the U.S. Federal government to set aside such protected lands was on 20 April 1832, when President Andrew Jackson signed legislation that the 22nd United States Congress had enacted to set aside four sections of land around what is now Hot Springs, Arkansas , to protect
292-445: A "national park" simply describes a general area that is relatively undeveloped, scenic, and attracts tourists, with some form of planning restrictions to ensure it maintains those characteristics. There may be substantial human settlements within the bounds of a national park. Conversely, parks that meet the criteria may be not be referred to as "national parks". Terms like "preserve" or "reserve" may be used instead. Starting in 1735
365-400: A canopied walkway on the east side of the park have been. However, a national workshop on the forest zone held in 2002 to 2003 focused on the lack of scientific research, monitoring, evaluation, coordination with foreign institutions and access to research done; also the persistence of low levels of popular participation and sustainable development of protected forest lands. A better inventory of
438-471: A detailed fully referenced study of the park in 1994. From 1979 to 1985, Swiss researchers studied chimpanzees, continuing until 1994 into the transference of an ebola virus to humans and antibodies for it to be found in other animals. There is an ecological station (L'Institut d'Ecologie Tropicale) in the Audrenisrou basin in the core zone and a German team base at Fedfo camp in the buffer zone. There
511-740: A few. John Muir is today referred to as the "Father of the National Parks" due to his work in Yosemite. He published two influential articles in The Century Magazine , which formed the base for the subsequent legislation. President Abraham Lincoln signed an Act of Congress on 1 July 1864, ceding the Yosemite Valley and the Mariposa Grove of giant sequoias (later becoming Yosemite National Park ) to
584-704: A heated debate over whether the government had the right to create parks. The perceived mismanagement of Yosemite by the Californian state was the reason why Yellowstone was put under national control at its establishment six years later. In 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established as the United States' first national park, being also the world's first national park. In some European and Asian countries, however, national protection and nature reserves already existed - though typically as game reserves and recreational grounds set aside for royalty, such as
657-509: A large role in the lives of people in the Taï region. The fruit of Thaumatococcus daniellii locally known as katamfe or katempfe, yoruba or soft cane is used in traditional medicine and contains a protein substance five thousand times sweeter than sugar cane. The bark of the Terminalia superba , or "tree of malaria", is used by the ethnic Kroumen for the treatment of malaria. This means that
730-514: A lower cost basis and a larger geographical coverage (in 1989 when created, it was the largest protected area in Asia). It includes four of the six tallest mountains in the world: Everest , Lhotse , Makalu , and Cho Oyu . The QNNP is contiguous to four Nepali national parks, creating a transnational conservation area equal in size to Switzerland. In 1993, the Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park
803-465: A mean of 1,700 millimeters (67 in) in the north to 2,200 millimeters (87 in) in the southwest, falling from March/April to July, with a shorter wet season in September to October. There is no dry season in the south but in the north it is marked from November to February/March, accentuated briefly by dry northeasterly Harmattan wind. These only began to affect the region about 1970 after half
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#1732779521761876-488: A national park system, with the creation of the Nahuel Huapi National Park in 1934, through the initiative of Francisco Moreno . After World War II , national parks were founded all over the world. The United Kingdom designated its first national park, Peak District National Park , in 1951. This followed perhaps 70 years of pressure for greater public access to the landscape. By the end of
949-685: A number of years. In 1984, a Dutch team surveyed the area, using an ultra-light aircraft for low altitude photography to identify dying trees for use as timber. There has been Ivorian research into forest termites, included under the IUCN / WWF Plants Campaign 1984-1985; and by the government Institute of Forestry into plantation crops. Between 1989 and 1991 BirdLife International conducted the Taï Avifaunal Survey, summarised in Gartshore et al. (1995). The Dutch Tropenbos Foundation published
1022-546: A part of the Forest of Fontainebleau (France, 1861). Yellowstone was part of a federally governed territory . With no state government that could assume stewardship of the land, the federal government took on direct responsibility for the park, the official first national park of the United States. The combined effort and interest of conservationists, politicians and the Northern Pacific Railroad ensured
1095-691: Is a season in West Africa that occurs between the end of November and the middle of March. It is characterized by the dry and dusty northeasterly trade wind , of the same name, which blows from the Sahara over West Africa into the Gulf of Guinea . The name is related to the word haramata in the Twi language. The temperature is cold mostly at night in some places but can be very hot in certain places during daytime. Generally, temperature differences can also depend on local circumstances. The Harmattan blows during
1168-477: Is also a Biosphere Reserve station 18 km south-east of Taï village, which consists of several prefabricated houses, a communal kitchen, two well-equipped laboratories, and an electric generator. It is controlled and financed nationally and managed by 2-3 Ivoirian personnel. Between 1993 and 2002, the Project Autonome pour la Conservation du Parc National de Taï (PACPNT), financed by GTZ , KfW and
1241-512: Is approximately 100 kilometers (62 mi) from the Ivorian coast on the border with Liberia between the Cavalla and Sassandra rivers. It covers an area of 3,300 square kilometers (1,300 sq mi) with a 200 square kilometers (77 sq mi) buffer zone up to 396 meters (1,299 ft). The Taï Forest reserve was created in 1926 and promoted to national park status in 1972. It
1314-492: Is broken by several granite inselbergs formed from plutonic intrusions, including the Mont Niénokoué in the southwest. A large zone of varied schists runs north-east to south-west across the park, dissected by tributaries of the main watercourses which run parallel to it: the N'zo , Meno and Little Hana and Hana rivers, all draining southwest to the river Cavally . In the wet season these rivers are wide, but in
1387-462: Is characterized by cold, dry, dust-laden wind, and also wide fluctuations in the ambient temperatures of the day and night. Temperatures can easily be as low as 9 °C (48 °F) all day, but sometimes in the afternoon the temperature can also soar to as high as 30 °C (86 °F), while the relative humidity drops under 5%. It can also be hot in some regions, like in the Sahara. The air
1460-531: Is now Royal National Park was established just south of Sydney , Colony of New South Wales , on 26 April 1879, becoming the world's second official national park. Since Mackinac lost its national park status, the Royal National Park is, by some considerations, the second oldest national park now in existence. Banff National Park became Canada's first national park in 1885. New Zealand established Tongariro National Park in 1887. In Europe,
1533-595: Is particularly dry and desiccating when the Harmattan blows over the region. The Harmattan brings desert-like weather conditions: it lowers the humidity, dissipates cloud cover, prevents rainfall formation and sometimes creates big clouds of dust which can result in dust storms or sandstorms . The wind can increase fire risk and cause severe crop damage. The interaction of the Harmattan with monsoon winds can cause tornadoes . In some countries in West Africa,
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#17327795217611606-411: Is perceived as a brand name that is associated with nature-based tourism and it symbolizes a "high quality natural environment with a well-designed tourist infrastructure". The duties of a park ranger are to supervise, manage, and/or perform work in the conservation and use of park resources. This involves functions such as park conservation; natural, historical, and cultural resource management; and
1679-568: The American frontier and were meant to be monuments to America's true history. Yet, in some instances, the lands that were to be set aside and protected in formerly colonized lands were already being inhabited by native communities, who were then removed off of these lands to create pristine sites for public consumption. Critics claim that the removal of people from national parks enhances the belief that nature can only be protected when humans do not exist within it, and that this leads to perpetuating
1752-545: The Edward's swamp rat and the woodland dormouse . Also recorded in the park is the Defua rat , which is characteristic of secondary forest. The dwarf or pygmy hippopotamus ( Hexaprotodon liberiensis ) numbered at around 500 in the park in 1996, and it is one of the few viable populations remaining . The park lies within one of the world's Endemic Bird Areas . At least 250 bird species have been recorded, 28 being endemic to
1825-517: The Naples government undertook laws to protect Natural areas, which could be used as a game reserve by the royal family; Procida was the first protected site; the difference between the many previous royal hunting preserves and this one, which is considered to be closer to a Park rather than a hunting preserve, is that Neapolitan government already considered the division into the present-day wilderness areas and non-strict nature reserves. In 1810,
1898-682: The Tobago Main Ridge Forest Reserve (in what is now Trinidad and Tobago; established in 1776) and the area surrounding Bogd Khan Uul Mountain (Mongolia, 1778), which were restricted from cultivation to protect surrounding farmland, are considered the oldest legally protected areas . Parks Canada , established on May 19, 1911, is the world's oldest national park service. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and its World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) have defined "National Park" as its Category II type of protected areas . According to
1971-558: The WWF , with the Parks Department ( Direction des Parcs Nationaux et Réserves (DPN)), worked to improve management and surveillance, monitored and inventoried the condition of the flora and fauna, launched pilot conservation projects with local people, and made comparative studies of seven species of monkeys. Phase I reported in 1997 and Phase II in 2002. This project has produced over 50 papers covering subjects such as tool-using and
2044-421: The dwarf galago and Bosman's potto . There were more than 2,000 West African chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes verus ) in the 1980s. In 1995, Marchesi et al. estimated the total number of chimpanzees in Taï to be 4,507, with perhaps 292 in N'Zo and nearby reserves (however there is no doubt that such numbers have declined in the last 15 years). These chimpanzees are noted for using tools (DPN, 1998). Also found in
2117-423: The slender-snouted crocodile and the dwarf crocodile , and several turtles, such as Home's hinge-back tortoise , are amongst about 40 species of reptiles that live in the park. At least 56 species of amphibians are known from the park; these include a true toad Amietophrynus taiensis and a reed frog found only in 1997 ( Hyperolius nienokouensis ), both only known from Ivory Coast. Arthropods represent
2190-572: The 431 sites managed by the National Park Service of the United States, only 63 carry the designation of National Park. Countries with a large ecotourism industry, such as Costa Rica, often experience a huge economic effect on park management as well as the economy of the country as a whole. Tourism to national parks has increased considerably over time. In Costa Rica for example, a megadiverse country , tourism to parks has increased by 400% from 1985 to 1999. The term national park
2263-645: The Centre for Ecological Research at the University of Abobo-Adjamé in the nearby town of Taï. International scientific cooperation was exemplified by the Ivoirian, French, Italian, German and Swiss teams which worked together on various research programs. This level of research continues. The site and research projects have great potential for training and scientific study. The French Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer (ORSTOM) has worked here for
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2336-590: The English poet William Wordsworth described the Lake District as a "sort of national property, in which every man has a right and interest who has an eye to perceive and a heart to enjoy." The painter George Catlin , in his travels through the American West , wrote during the 1830s that Native Americans in the United States might be preserved "(by some great protecting policy of government) ... in
2409-696: The Guinean zone. There are 143 species typical of primary forest, including African crowned eagle , lesser kestrel , white-breasted guineafowl , rufous fishing owl , brown-cheeked hornbill , yellow-casqued hornbill , western wattled cuckooshrike , rufous-winged thrush-babbler , green-tailed bristlebill , yellow-throated olive greenbul , black-capped rufous-warbler , Nimba flycatcher , Sierra Leone prinia , Lagden's bushshrike , copper-tailed glossy-starling , white-necked rockfowl , and Gola malimbe . The park has been designated an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International because it supports significant populations of many bird species. Two crocodiles,
2482-599: The IUCN definition. In many countries, including Indonesia, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom, national parks do not adhere to the IUCN definition, while some areas which adhere to the IUCN definition are not designated as national parks. As many countries do not adhere to the IUCN definition, the term "national park" may be used loosely. In the United Kingdom , and in some other countries such as Taiwan ,
2555-506: The IUCN, 6,555 national parks worldwide met its criteria in 2006. IUCN is still discussing the parameters of defining a national park. The largest national park in the world meeting the IUCN definition is the Northeast Greenland National Park , which was established in 1974 and is 972,000 km (375,000 sq mi) in area. In 1969, the IUCN declared a national park to be a relatively large area with
2628-544: The best idea we ever had. Absolutely American, absolutely democratic, they reflect us at our best rather than our worst." The first area to use "national park" in its creation legislation was the U.S.'s Mackinac National Park , in 1875. (The area was later transferred to the state's authority in 1895, thus losing its official "national park" status. ) Following the idea established in Yellowstone and Mackinac, there soon followed parks in other nations. In Australia, what
2701-414: The conservation of 'wild nature' for posterity and as a symbol of national pride is a common motivation for the continued protection of all national parks around the world. National parks are almost always accessible to the public. Usually national parks are developed, owned and managed by national governments, though in some countries with federal or devolved forms of government, "national parks" may be
2774-452: The country has been deforested in the past fifty years resulting in greatly diminished evapotranspiration. The park is one of the last remaining portions of the vast primary Upper Guinean rain forest that once stretched across present-day Togo , Ghana , Ivory Coast , Liberia and Sierra Leone to Guinea-Bissau . It is the largest island of forest remaining in West Africa remaining relatively intact. Its mature tropical forest lies within
2847-458: The country's forests had been felled. There is only a small temperature fluctuation between 24 and 27 °C (75 and 81 °F) due to oceanic influence and the presence of forests, but mean diurnal temperatures can range from 25 to 35 °C (77 to 95 °F). The relative humidity is high (85%). The prevailing winds are monsoonal from the south-west. In 1986, Ivory Coast suffered a 30% rainfall deficit, possibly due to loss of forest cover: 90% of
2920-499: The creation of Yellowstone, Yosemite, and nearly 37 other national parks and monuments, another 44 years passed before an agency was created in the United States to administer these units in a comprehensive way – the U.S. National Park Service (NPS). The 64th United States Congress passed the National Park Service Organic Act , which President Woodrow Wilson signed into law on 25 August 1916. Of
2993-582: The decade a further nine national parks had been designated in the UK. Europe has some 359 national parks as of 2010. The Vanoise National Park in the Alps was the first French national park, created in 1963 after public mobilization against a touristic project . In 1971, Lahemaa National Park in Estonia was the first area to be designated a national park in the former Soviet Union . In 1973, Mount Kilimanjaro
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3066-519: The development and operation of interpretive and recreational programs for the benefit of the visiting public. Park rangers also have fire fighting responsibilities and execute search and rescue missions. Activities also include heritage interpretation to disseminate information to visitors of general, historical, or scientific information. Management of resources such as wildlife, lake shores, seashores, forests, historic buildings, battlefields, archaeological properties, and recreation areas are also part of
3139-435: The dichotomy between nature and humans (also known as the nature–culture divide ). They see the creation of national parks as a form of eco- land grabbing . Others claim that traveling to national parks to appreciate nature there leads people to ignore the nature that exists around them every day. Still others argue that tourism can actually negatively impact the areas that are being visited. Harmattan The Harmattan
3212-639: The dominion parks under the administration of the Dominion Park Branch (now Parks Canada ), within the Department of the Interior. The branch was established to "protect sites of natural wonder" to provide a recreational experience, centred on the idea of the natural world providing rest and spiritual renewal from the urban setting. Canada now has the largest protected area in the world with 450,000 km of national park space. Even with
3285-633: The dry season become shallow streams. The northern border of the adjoining N'Zo Faunal Reserve is formed by the large reservoir behind the Buyo Dam on the N'zo and Sassandra rivers. There is some swamp forest in the northwest of the park and in N'zo . The soils are ferralitic , generally leached and of low fertility. In the southern valleys there are hydromorphic gley and more fertile alluvial soils (DPN, 1998). Gold and some other minerals exist in small quantities. There are two distinct climatic zones of sub-equatorial type. Annual rainfall ranges from
3358-566: The dry season, which occurs during the months with the lowest sun. In this season, the subtropical ridge of high pressure stays over the central Sahara and the low-pressure Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) stays over the Gulf of Guinea. On its passage over the Sahara, the Harmattan picks fine dust and sand particles (between 0.5 and 10 microns). It is also known as the "doctor wind", because of its invigorating dryness compared with humid tropical air. This season differs from winter because it
3431-419: The ebola virus in chimpanzees and the fauna as a potential source of foods and medicines. In 2002, technical and scientific management of the park was assigned to the national Office Ivoirien des Parcs et Reserves which covers management policy, wardening, research, education and communication for all parks. A Scientific Council of the involved NGOs international and local, was set up. A second research station and
3504-752: The first national parks were a set of nine parks in Sweden in 1909, followed by the Swiss National Park in 1914. Africa's first national park was established in 1925 when Albert I of Belgium designated an area of what is now Democratic Republic of Congo centred on the Virunga Mountains as the Albert National Park (since renamed Virunga National Park ). In 1895, the Groenkloof Nature Reserve
3577-614: The following defining characteristics: In 1971, these criteria were further expanded upon leading to more clear and defined benchmarks to evaluate a national park. These include: While the term national park is now defined by the IUCN, many protected areas in many countries are called national park even when they correspond to other categories of the IUCN Protected Area Management Definition, for example: While national parks are generally understood to be administered by national governments (hence
3650-399: The forest's resources is still needed. National park A national park is a nature park designated for conservation purposes because of unparalleled national natural, historic, or cultural significance. It is an area of natural, semi-natural, or developed land that is protected and owned by a government. Although governments hold different standards for national park designation,
3723-415: The heavy amount of dust in the air can severely limit visibility and block the sun for several days, comparable to a heavy fog . This effect is known as the Harmattan haze. It costs airlines millions of dollars in cancelled and diverted flights each year. When the haze is weak, the skies are clear. The extreme dryness of the air may cause branches of trees to die. A 2024 study found that dust carried by
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#17327795217613796-755: The job of a park ranger. Since the establishment of the National Park Service in the US in 1916, the role of the park ranger has shifted from merely being a custodian of natural resources to include several activities that are associated with law enforcement. They control traffic, manage permits for various uses, and investigate violations, complaints, trespass/encroachment, and accidents. National parks in former European colonies have come under criticism for allegedly perpetuating colonialism . National parks were created by individuals who felt that pristine, natural sections of nature should be set aside and preserved from urban development. In America, this movement came about during
3869-501: The largest share of biomass in tropical forests. Invertebrate species include a rare freshwater mollusc Neritina tiassalensis and many thousands of insect species including 57 dragonflies, 95 ants, 44 termites and 78 scarabeid beetles (DPN, 1998). The original tribes of the forest region were the Guéré and Oubi , for totemic reasons, did not eat chimpanzees and thus preserved the chimpanzee populations. French influence dated from only
3942-584: The lower Cavally Valley and the Meno and Hana depressions near Mont Niénokoué . The last stands of the large endemic tree Kantou guereensis are here. The poorer soils of the north and south-east support species such as palm Eremospatha macrocarpa , west African ebony Diospyros mannii , Diospyros kamerunensis , Parinari chrysophylla , Chrysophyllum perpulchrum and Chidlowia sanguinea [ vi ] . Species such as Gilbertiodendron splendidum , Symphonia globulifera and Raphia occur in
4015-476: The mid-19th century. Evidently, there was little settlement in the area before the late 1960s, when reservoir construction in the N'Zo valley and, later, drought in the Sahel, pushed people southwards. A population in the area of about 3,200 in 1971 had grown to 57,000 twenty years later. The park is now neighbored by 72 villages, and hundreds of illegal squatters live in the park. Of the three main groups of farmers,
4088-484: The mortality from malaria. The east side of the park has suffered most from this. These people neither support the park, nor are informed about it by the authorities (DPN, 2002). The park was the site of a UNESCO Man & Biosphere project on the effects of human interference within the natural forest ecosystem. This was a vast research project carried out under the auspices of the Institute for Tropical Ecology and
4161-565: The name), in Australia, with the exception of six national parks, national parks are run by state governments and predate the Federation of Australia ; similarly, national parks in the Netherlands are administered by the provinces. In Canada, there are both national parks operated by the federal government and provincial or territorial parks operated by the provincial and territorial governments, although nearly all are still national parks by
4234-554: The natural, thermal springs and adjoining mountainsides for the future disposal of the U.S. government. It was known as Hot Springs Reservation , but no legal authority was established. Federal control of the area was not clearly established until 1877. The work of important leaders who fought for animal and land conservation were essential in the development of legal action. Some of these leaders include President Abraham Lincoln, Laurance Rockefeller, President Theodore Roosevelt, John Muir, and First Lady Lady Bird Johnson to name
4307-407: The park are two bats, Buettikofer's epauletted fruit bat and Aellen's roundleaf bat , Pel's flying squirrel , giant pangolin , tree pangolin and long-tailed pangolin , Liberian mongoose , African golden cat , leopard , red river hog , giant forest hog , water chevrotain , bongo , and African forest buffalo . African forest elephants ( Loxodonta cyclotis ) have also been observed within
4380-712: The park is an attic of genetic potential not yet explored by natural science and medicine. The fauna is fairly typical of West African forests but very diverse, nearly 1,000 vertebrate species being found. The park contains 140 species of mammal and 47 of the 54 species of large mammal known to occur in the Guinean rain forest, including twelve regional endemics and five threatened species. The region's isolation between two major rivers has added to its particular character. Mammals include 11 species of primates: western red colobus , Diana monkey , Campbell's mona monkey , lesser and greater spot-nosed monkey , black-and-white colobus , ursine colobus , green colobus , sooty mangabey ,
4453-436: The park, although in 2001 they numbered only about 100 individuals in the south of the park compared to some 1,800 in 1979. Taï National Park also hosts an exceptional diversity of forest duikers including Jentink's duiker , banded or zebra duiker , Maxwell's duiker , Ogilby's duiker , black duiker , bay duiker , yellow-backed duiker and the royal antelope . Forest rodents include the rusty-bellied brush-furred rat ,
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#17327795217614526-543: The passage of enabling legislation by the United States Congress to create Yellowstone National Park. Theodore Roosevelt and his group of conservationists, the Boone and Crockett Club , were active campaigners and were highly influential in convincing fellow Republicans and big business to back the bill. Yellowstone National Park soon played a pivotal role in the conservation of these national treasures, as it
4599-402: The responsibility of subnational, regional, or local authorities. The United States established Yellowstone National Park , the first "public park or pleasuring-ground for the benefit and enjoyment of the people," in 1872. Although Yellowstone was not officially termed a "national park" at the time, in practice it is widely held to be the first and oldest national park in the world. However,
4672-534: The rural Bakoué and Kroumen cleared forest selectively, sparing medicinal trees; by contrast the Baoulé , in addition to the incomers who include refugees displaced by the dam on the N'Zo river, from the Sahel and from the conflicts in both Liberia and Ivory Coast who now form 90% of the population, have indiscriminately fragmented and destroyed much of the forest in the buffer zone. In its place, cash and food crops are planted in shifting cultivation in order to lessen
4745-451: The south-western corner of Ivory Coast , bordering Liberia . Altitudes vary from 80 meters (260 ft) to 396 meters (1,299 ft) (Mt. Niénokoué). The park is situated on a Precambrian granite peneplain of migmatites , biotites and gneiss which slopes down from the gently undulating drier north to more deeply dissected land in the south where the rainfall is heavy. This plateau at between 150 and 200 meters (490 and 660 ft)
4818-557: The southern third to moist semi-evergreen forest in the north. Large numbers of epiphytes and lianes form an important element at the lower levels including Platycerium , Nephrolepis biserrata , Drymaria and Asplenium africanum . The Sassandrian moist evergreen forest on schistose soils in the south-west is dominated by species such as ebony ( Diospyros gabunensis ), Diospyros chevalieri , Mapania baldwinii , Mapania linderi and Heritiera utilis (syn. Tarrietia utilis ), with numerous endemic species, especially in
4891-402: The state of California. According to this bill, private ownership of the land in this area was no longer possible. The state of California was designated to manage the park for "public use, resort, and recreation". Leases were permitted for up to ten years and the proceeds were to be used for conservation and improvement. A public discussion followed this first legislation of its kind and there was
4964-481: The swamp forests of river backwaters and oxbows. The inselbergs are vegetated, according to their substrate, with savanna-like grassland and deciduous trees such as Spathodea campanulata . Plants once thought to be extinct, such as Amorphophallus staudtii , have been discovered in the area. Since commercial timber exploitation officially ceased in 1972, the forest has recovered well, although large areas are dominated by planted species. The forest plants still play
5037-602: Was classified as a National Park and was opened to public access in 1977. In 1989, the Qomolangma National Nature Preserve (QNNP) was created to protect 3.381 million hectares on the north slope of Mount Everest in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China. This national park is the first major global park to have no separate warden and protection staff—all of its management consists of existing local authorities, allowing
5110-515: Was established as the first game sanctuary in Africa. In 1926, the government of South Africa designated Kruger National Park as the nation's first national park, although it was an expansion of the earlier Sabie Game Reserve established in 1898 by President Paul Kruger of the old South African Republic , after whom the park was named. Argentina became the third country in the Americas to create
5183-601: Was established in Jamaica to conserve and protect 41,198 hectares, including tropical montane rainforest and adjacent buffer areas. The site includes Jamaica's tallest peak ( Blue Mountain Peak ), hiking trails and a visitor center. The Park was also designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2015. The world's first national park service was established May 19, 1911, in Canada. The Dominion Forest Reserves and Parks Act placed
5256-498: Was recognized as a UNESCO biosphere reserve in 1978 and added to the list of Natural World Heritage Sites in 1982. The Taï Forest is a natural reservoir of the Ebola virus. The World Health Organization has expressed concern over the proximity of this reservoir to Félix-Houphouët-Boigny International Airport at Abidjan . The park consists of 4,540 square kilometers (1,750 sq mi) of tropical evergreen forest located at
5329-535: Was suffering at the hands of poachers and others who stood at the ready to pillage what they could from the area. Theodore Roosevelt and his newly formed Boone and Crockett Club successfully took the lead in protecting Yellowstone National Park from this plight, resulting in laws designed to conserve the natural resources in Yellowstone and other parks under the Government's purview. American Pulitzer Prize -winning author Wallace Stegner wrote: "National parks are
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