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44-707: The Texas Military Forces have a budget of $ 1.851 billion as of 2023. Current forces include the Texas Army National Guard , Texas Air National Guard , and Texas State Guard of the Texas Militia . Former forces include the Texian Militia , Texian Army , Texian Navy , Texas Army , Texas Navy , and Texas Marines . It also included the Texas Rangers from their inception until 1935. The Texas Military Forces are administered by

88-502: A fleet of manned and unmanned aircraft with strike , reconnaissance , and transport capabilities, a fleet of rotorcraft , and a fleet of riverine watercraft . It maintains a statewide network of garrison , training, and monitoring installations. It maintains command and control through shelter and mobile tactical operations centers . Texas Military Forces have undergone many re-designations, reorganizations, and reformations since 1823. Since 1846, Texas Militia units constitute

132-674: A number of state awards for local services rendered in or to the state of Texas . The Texas Army National Guard is composed of approximately 19,000 soldiers, and maintains 117 armories in 102 communities. State duties include disaster relief, emergency preparedness, security assistance to state law enforcement agencies, and some aspects of border security. The Governor can activate the National Guard components under his control for state active duty in Texas, and in support of adjacent states. The Texas Army National Guard has its roots in

176-734: A unit of the Texian Militia in the Texian Colony . During the Texas Revolution , it served as a unit of the Texian Army providing cavalry and conducting special operations such as demolition of Vince's Bridge and Immortal 32 relief force. During the Republic of Texas , it continued to serve as a special forces unit employing guerrilla warfare in the Texas-Indian Wars . The Texian Army, also known as

220-671: Is a calque , a loose translation of the German word Stoßtrupp (literally "push squad"). Assault troopers are typically organized for mobility with the intention that they will penetrate enemy defenses and attack into the enemy's vulnerable rear areas . Any specialized, elite unit formed to fight an engagement via overwhelming assault (usually) would be considered shock troops, as opposed to " special forces " or commando -style units (intended mostly for covert operations ). However, both types of units could fight behind enemy lines, by surprise if required. The Companion cavalry of Alexander

264-864: Is a component of the United States Army , the United States National Guard and the Texas Military Forces (along with the Texas Air National Guard and the Texas State Guard ). Texas Army National Guard units are trained and equipped as part of the United States Army. The same ranks and insignia are used and National Guardsmen are eligible to receive all United States military awards . The Texas Guard also bestows

308-821: The Centralist Republic of Mexico and establishing the Republic of Texas, one of three colonies to win independence without foreign aid in world history and the only American state (the Thirteen Colonies were aided by France, and the California Republic and Republic of Hawaii were aided by the United States). The artillery used during the battle, the Twin Sisters , are considered the " Holy Grail of Texas". During

352-754: The Constitution of the Republic of Texas . The Texas Army and Texas Navy were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846, after the Republic of Texas became the 28th state of America . The Texas Navy, officially the Navy of the Republic of Texas, also known as the Second Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas . It descended from

396-836: The First World War , many combatants faced the deadlock of trench warfare . On the Western Front in 1915, the Germans formed a specialized unit called the Rohr Battalion to develop assault tactics. During the Brusilov Offensive of 1916, the Russian general Aleksei Brusilov developed and implemented the idea of shock troops to attack weak points along the Austrian lines to effect a breakthrough, which

440-762: The Mexican Drug War , Texas City Disaster , Hurricane Harvey , Hurricane Katrina , Hurricane Rita , Bastrop County Complex Fire , Operation Jump Start , Operation Phalanx , Operation Faithful Patriot , COVID-19 Pandemic , George Floyd protests , and Operation Lone Star . Under command of the United States Department of Defense , Texas Military Forces have served in the Mexican War , Spanish War , Philippine War , Mexican Expedition , World War I , World War II , Cold War ( Korea and Vietnam campaigns), and War on Terror . Since

484-816: The September 11 attacks , Texas Military units have been deployed for the war on terror more than any other state. Texas Military Forces are administered by the Texas Military Department under command of the Adjutant General of Texas , who is appointed by and subordinate to the Governor of Texas , the Commander in Chief . Texas Military Forces exist under civilian control . Since 1903, Texas Military Forces are authorized by Title 32 of

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528-751: The Texas Army was officially established by the Consultation of the Republic of Texas on November 13, 1835, it did not replace the Texian Army until after the Battle of San Jacinto . The Texian Navy, also known as the Revolutionary Navy and First Texas Navy, was the naval warfare branch of the Texian armed forces during the Texas Revolution . It was established by the Consultation of

572-597: The Texian Army , which was established in October 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution . The Texas Army was provisionally formed by the Consultation in November 1835, however it did not replace the Texian Army until after the Battle of San Jacinto . The Texas Army, Texas Navy , and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836, in Article II of

616-608: The Texian Militia in 1823 (thirteen years before the Republic of Texas and twenty-two years before the State of Texas ) by Stephen Austin to defend the Old Three Hundred in the Colony of Texas . Texas Military Forces sparked the Texas Revolution at the Battle of Velasco and became legendary at the Battle of Gonzales (the " Lexington of Texas"). Their legend continued at their defeat by Mexican forces at Siege of

660-476: The Texian Navy , which was established in November 1835 to fight for independence from Centralist Republic of Mexico in the Texas Revolution . The Texas Navy, Texas Army , and Texas Militia were officially established on September 5, 1836, in Article II of the Constitution of the Republic of Texas . The Texas Navy and Texas Army were merged with the United States Armed Forces on February 19, 1846, after

704-535: The United States Department of Defense by the Secretary of Defense . Awards and decorations of the Texas Military are the medals, ribbons, badges, tabs, trophies, plaques, certificates, memorials, monuments, holidays, and general honors that recognize service and achievement in the Texas Military Forces. The history of conflicts involving the Texas Military Forces spans over two centuries, from 1823 to

748-493: The 176th Engineer Brigade, the 136th Maneuver Enhancement Brigade, the 136th Expeditionary Signal Battalion, and the 136th Regiment (CA) (RTI). The Texas Air National Guard is the current air warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. It is composed of the 149th Fighter Wing, the 136th Airlift Wing, the 147th Attack Wing, the 254th Combat Communications Group, the 272nd Engineering Installation Squadron, and

792-579: The 19th century, the Texas Rangers' service in the Texas-Indians Wars and fighting outlaws significantly contributed to the folklore of the " Wild West ". During the American Civil War , Texas Military Forces served under the command of Union and Confederate militaries. When the first units reached Virginia, Jefferson Davis greeted them by declaring: "Texans! The troops of other states have their reputations to gain, but

836-550: The 204th Security Forces Squadron. The 149th Fighter Wing prepares pilots for combat, the 136th Airlift Wing flies C-130s in-and out of theater and the 147th Reconnaissance Wing has recently acquired reapers to be the eyes in the hostile sky. The Texas State Guard is the current state defense force branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. It assists and augments Texas military and civil authorities in times of state emergencies, and in on-going support of National Guard units and local communities. The Texian Militia

880-575: The 36th Brigade insignia with star was authorized for wear from 10 May 1967 – 1 November 1973, but never worn, because the brigade at the time was designated 71st. The 36th Airborne Brigade was active from 1973, and inactivated on 1 April 1980. In November 1976 the Texas Army National Guard, in the words of the AG Report 1975-76 , was "organized into a State Headquarters and Headquarters Detachment, Public Information Detachment,

924-569: The 49th Armored Division, and the Base Units Command of the State," both commanded by general officers . The 49th Armored Division had its headquarters in Austin; comprised three brigades, divisional artillery, and a Division Support Command; and was authorized a strength of 14,854 officers, warrant officers , and enlisted men. Its units were spread geographically across the entire state. The Base Units Command commanded every other unit in

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968-825: The Alamo , with events such as the Immortal 32 and To the People of Texas & All Americans in the World , which resulted in one of the most notable last stands in history. As of 2018, the Alamo Mission is the most visited tourist attraction in Texas and one of ten manmade UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the United States . The Texas Military's legend was sealed at the Battle of San Jacinto , when they defeated Santa Anna's army in 18 minutes, achieving independence from

1012-696: The Brazos River and two on the Colorado. This militia structure formed the basis for several of the volunteer companies raised to fight in the Texas Revolution of 1836.{} The Militia Act of 1903 organized the various state militias into the present National Guard system. After World War II, the Texas National Guard was reorganized with the 36th Infantry Division and the new 49th Armored Division . The 49th Armored Division

1056-731: The Great (356-326 BC) are described as being the first example of shock cavalry being used in Europe. During the Paraguayan War (1864–1870), in which Paraguay fought against Brazil , Argentina , and Uruguay , the Paraguayans deployed shock troops (composed of a mixture of dismounted cavalry and fit men who could row and swim) armed with sabres, cutlasses, knives, bayonets, pistols, and hand grenades. They attacked small fortified positions and boarded Brazilian river steamers. During

1100-605: The Republic of Texas on November 25, 1835. Along with the Texian Army , it helped the Republic of Texas win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836, at the Treaties of Velasco . It was replaced by the Texas Navy on March 23, 1839. The Texas Army, officially the Army of the Republic of Texas, was the land warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces during the Republic of Texas . It descended from

1144-602: The Republic of Texas became the 28th state of America . The Texas Marines, officially the Marine Corps of the Republic of Texas, were the naval infantry of the Texas Navy tasked with enforcing discipline aboard ships, providing security at shore stations , sharpshooting , and naval boarding . It was officially established on January 14, 1836, and modeled after the United States Marines Corps . Since 1846, Texas Militia units have constituted

1188-485: The Revolutionary Army and Army of the People, was the land warfare branch of the Texian armed forces during the Texas Revolution . It spontaneously formed from the Texian Militia in October 1835 following the Battle of Gonzales . Along with the Texian Navy , it helped the Republic of Texas win independence from the Centralist Republic of Mexico on May 14, 1836, at the Treaties of Velasco . Although

1232-627: The TX ARNG except the division and the 100th Public Information Detachment. It consisted of one support center headquarters, one airborne brigade headquarters [the headquarters of the 36th Airborne Brigade )], one aviation group headquarters (111th), one support group headquarters, three battalions, one engineer dredge detachment, one assault support helicopter company, one air ambulance medical company, and one Combat Support Hospital (117th), with an authorized strength of 2,603 officers, warrant officers, and enlisted personnel (p. 5). The 36th Brigade

1276-511: The Texas Military Department under command of the adjutant general of Texas , who is appointed by and subordinate to the governor of Texas , the commander-in-chief -in-Texas, and is also subordinate to the President of the United States, the commander-in-chief. Texas Military Forces are inextricably linked and have served an integral role in the development, history , culture , and international reputation of Texas. They were established with

1320-601: The Texas Militia formed by Stephen F. Austin at his headquarters village of San Felipe de Austin. Austin was empowered to "organize the Colonists into a body of National Militia" in the 18 February 1823 decree authorizing Austin to form his colony in Mexican Texas. Commissioned as Lieutenant Colonel, Austin organized the 5-company battalion at San Felipe de Austin on 22 June 1824. Three companies were formed on

1364-670: The United States Code and Article 4 of the Texas Constitution to "execute the laws of the State, to suppress insurrections, and to repel invasions." Texas Army National Guard and Texas Air National Guard units are also subject to Title 10 of the United States Code, which legally empowers the United States government to mobilize them when more resources are needed than available in the United States Armed Forces for war, national emergency, or national security. Under Title 10, operations are conducted under command of

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1408-623: The battalion was built from the ground up. The 1st Battalion, 143rd Infantry Regiment is a separate unit and it is not subordinate to other commands in the state, although it is attached to the 71st Battlefield Surveillance Brigade for local administration. In 2016 Company B, which was originally located in Bethel, Alaska, was inactivated as part of the Alaska ARNG. Troop C (LRS), 3rd Squadron, 124th Cavalry Regiment, Texas ARNG in Terrell, Texas

1452-434: The enemy front and rear, bypassing and avoiding what enemy strong points they could, and engaging to their best advantage when and where they were forced to, leaving decisive engagement against bypassed units to following heavier infantry. The primary goal of these detached units was to infiltrate the enemy's lines and break their cohesion as much as possible. These formations became known as Stoßtruppen , or shock troops, and

1496-403: The entirety of the Texas Military Forces. The Texas Army National Guard is the current land warfare branch of the Texas Military Forces for the State of Texas. Its major units include the 36th Infantry Division, the 56th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the 72nd Infantry Brigade Combat Team, the 36th Combat Aviation Brigade , the 71st Battlefield Surveillance Brigade, the 36th Sustainment Brigade,

1540-615: The entirety of the Texas Military Forces. Current units are the Texas Army National Guard , Texas Air National Guard , and Texas State Guard . Former units include the Texas Home Guard/State Troops (1861–65), Texas Volunteer Guard (1871-1904), Texas Reserve Militia (1905-1913), Texas Home Guard (1914-1918), Texas Reserve Militia (1919-1940), Texas Defense/State Guard (1941–45), and Texas State Guard Reserve Corps (1945-1965). Texas Army National Guard Department of Defense The Texas Army National Guard

1584-612: The main Russian Army could then exploit. The Russian Army had also formed hunter commando units in 1886 and used them in World War I to protect against ambushes, to perform reconnaissance and for low-intensity fights in no-man's-land. The von Hutier tactics ( infiltration tactics ) called for special infantry assault units to be detached from the main lines and sent to infiltrate enemy lines, supported by shorter and sharper (than usual for WWI) artillery fire missions targeting both

1628-427: The only Airborne infantry battalion in the Army National Guard. The unit includes the battalion headquarters and headquarters company (HHC), three rifle companies (Companies A, B, and C), a heavy weapons company (Company D), and a forward support company (FSC—previously Company E). Most elements of the battalion are located in Texas, but Company C is located in Rhode Island. Rather than converting an existing TX ARNG unit,

1672-669: The present, under the command authority (the ultimate source of lawful military orders) of four governments including the Texan government (in 3 incarnations), the U.S. government, the Mexican government, and the Confederate government. After the United States Armed Forces , Texas Military Forces are the most capable, mission-ready forces in the United States. They include infantry , paratroopers , special forces , armored cavalry , field artillery , communication , cyber , intelligence , support , medical , engineering , civil affairs , and weapon of mass destruction response units totaling over 23,000 service members. It also maintains

1716-419: The sons of the defenders of the Alamo have theirs to maintain." The Texas Brigade achieved distinction as Confederate shock troops , while the Davis Guards maintained Texas as the only Confederate State , along with Florida, unconquered by the Union with their victory at Second Battle of Sabine Pass . It is referred to as the " Thermopylae of the Confederacy" and the most one-sided Confederate victory of

1760-445: The war. Texas Military Forces also fought at the Battle of Palemito Ranch . Texas Military Forces have not waged a domestic combat operation since the 19th century. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, they have been primarily engaged in military operations other than war , including manmade and natural disaster operations, search and rescue operations , counterdrug operations , and border security operations . Most notably,

1804-447: Was ordered to active federal service in October 1961 at Dallas, for the 1961 Berlin Crisis , and reverted to state control in August 1962. The 36th and 49th were inactivated in 1968 and reorganized into three separate brigades, the 36th Infantry Brigade , 71st Infantry Brigade and 72d Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (Dallas). The division was reactivated on 1 November 1973, with its headquarters at Camp Mabry, Austin, Texas. McGrath says

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1848-435: Was reconstituted as a divisional formation (36th Brigade, 50th Armored Division ) from 1988–92. In 1992 it became the 36th Brigade of the 49th Armored Division based at Houston, TX. It seems likely to have been active between 1992 and May 2004 when the 49th Armored Division became the 36th Infantry Division . On 1 September 2009, the Texas Army National Guard activated the 1st Battalion (Airborne), 143rd Infantry Regiment ,

1892-451: Was the militia forces of the Texian Colony from 1823 to 1835 and the inaugurate force of the Texas Military. It was established by Stephen F. Austin on August 5, 1823, for defense of the Old Three Hundred colonists against the Karankawa , Comanche , and Cherokee tribes; among others. Its most notable unit, the Texas Rangers , remained in continuous service of Texas Military Forces until 1935. The Texas Rangers were established as

1936-492: Was then used to reform Company B. During the same year, the battalion became affiliated with the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team in Vicenza, Italy, and adopted the shoulder sleeve insignia of the 173rd ABCT. Shock troops Shock troops or assault troops are special formations created to lead military attacks . They are often better trained and equipped than other military units and are expected to take heavier casualties even in successful operations. "Shock troop"

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