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Television New Zealand Archive

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In filmmaking and video production , footage is raw, unedited material as originally filmed by a movie camera or recorded by a ( often special ) video camera , which typically must be edited to create a motion picture, video clip , television show , or similar completed work.

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105-472: The Television New Zealand Archive collection contains over 600,000 hours of television spanning almost 55 years of New Zealand's public television history. It includes New Zealand content such as documentaries, dramas, sports programmes and every TVNZ news broadcast from December 1986 to 2014. The archive only holds titles that have previously been broadcast – raw footage is not included. The archive also includes thousands of photographic stills. Both TVNZ and

210-634: A redacted individual to the Prime Minister John Key noted that the biggest loss would occur in Collection Services - which encompassed the acquisition and conservation areas. Out of a total of 35 current positions in that department, 33 (94% of the staff) would be disestablished or ended, with the guarantee of fewer positions available in the new structure. The restructure was largely implemented by April 2017. Employee figures from 30 June 2017 showed that there had been

315-597: A "collaborative one-stop-online-shop for New Zealand film and broadcast content." However, by January 2017 an internal memorandum from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage noted that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Chair Jane Kominik and Chief Executive Rebecca Elvy met with the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry in November 2016. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision felt strongly that it should be responsible for

420-493: A "stock shot" or a "library shot". Stock footage may have appeared in previous productions but may also be outtakes or footage shot for previous productions and not used. Examples of stock footage that might be utilized are moving images of cities and landmarks, wildlife in their natural environments, and historical footage. Suppliers of stock footage may be either rights managed or royalty-free . Many websites offer direct downloads of clips in various formats. A footage broker

525-677: A Ministry for Culture and Heritage briefing noted that the Crown would be reliant on the charitable trust to deliver its objectives in terms of digitising and increasing public accessibility to archive material. The briefing also noted that the archive had indicated that by June 2016 2,000 items would be available on the internet. The Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision on 1 August 2014 set out clear outcomes and outputs for Ngā Taonga. These included: However in November 2017, in response to an Official Information Act request,

630-697: A Trustee and was replaced by Edie Te Hunapo Moke. In 2016 Louise Baker and Morris Love ceased being Trustees and were replaced by Simon Murdoch and Peter Tematakahere Douglas. In 2017 Peter Tematakahere Douglas and Derek Fox ceased being Trustees and were replaced by Te Raumawhitu Kupenga and Lisa Bates (co-opted to assist with fundraising). In October 2017 Whetu Fala became a Trustee to "represent Māori interests", and in December Jane Kominik and Judith Fyfe ceased being Trustees. In January 2018 Emily Loughnan and Lisa Bates became Trustees. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's founding Chief Executive Officer

735-647: A bicultural organisation that upholds the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi in its policies and practices. The Treaty is part of the Archive's Kaupapa, which in turn is part of the archive's Constitution. At all times there are three people on the Board of Trustees that represent Māori interests "through their own heritage and/or their connections with iwi and iwi interests." However Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's Strategic Plan 2016-2024 published in mid-2016, noted that

840-538: A combination of born-digital and digitisation activities). In early November 2014 the Board of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision agreed that the archive needed to verify the size of the TVNZ Archive collection and confirm the extent of the archive's obligations under the recently signed transfer agreements. On 21 November 2014 the archive held its annual Strategic Planning hui. The Board and all staff focused on two issues, one of them being "How does Ngā Taonga respond to

945-474: A digitisation and access project. Minister Foss said the TVNZ Archive transfer was not only about better public services and value for money, but it was also about public access to the collection. He gave Ngā Taonga the explicit responsibility of digitising the items of highest heritage value in the collection, ensuring New Zealanders could get online access, free of charge. He said Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision would start immediately on that task, promising that

1050-427: A draft digitisation summary, a draft operating budget and a table of criteria for the TVNZ Archive that Ngā Taonga had contributed to. The Minister of Arts, Culture and Heritage Chris Finlayson appointed the Ministry for Culture and Heritage to monitor Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, and to advise the Minister on the archive's ongoing service and financial performance. The Board of Ngā Taonga were responsible for ensuring

1155-484: A foot of 35 mm film (518.4 frames/meter), which roughly represented 1 second of screen time ( frame rate ) in some early silent films, made footage a natural unit of measure for film. The term then became used figuratively to describe moving image material of any kind. In recent years, neutral terms such as "recorded material" are becoming more popular, especially in English-speaking countries other than

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1260-410: A heavy reliance on government funding. For two years, from October 2014 to October 2016 the Board of Trustees published a report of each Board meeting online. From December 2016 only summaries are published. In November 2016, opposition MP Jacinda Ardern questioned the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry over whether she considered it satisfactory that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision,

1365-532: A high price on the market – scenes shot inside the World Trade Center during the September ;11, 2001 attacks were reportedly sold in 2001 for US$ 45,000 (equivalent to $ 77,000 in 2023). Stock footage is film or video footage that can be used again in other films. Stock footage is beneficial to filmmakers as it saves shooting new material. A single piece of stock footage is called

1470-708: A management capacity within Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. The 2013/14 Annual Report noted "the successful completion of the process to bring together the management and operations of the Film Archive and the Sound Archives." Chief Executive Officer Frank Stark resigned from the archive in February 2015 and was replaced by Rebecca Elvy in March. Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik noted in

1575-421: A party to that number [20,000 titles] before it was announced" The Ministry later said that although they agree the conversation(s) with Chief Executive Rebecca Elvy took place they could not provide any dates or official record of the exchange(s). No Ministry for Culture and Heritage documents exist that reference the Ministry believing the digitisation and access target to be unrealistic. When questioned about

1680-509: A private collection of off-air broadcast recordings made by Professor Robert Chapman and his wife Noeline in the early 1960s. It subsequently became a resource of the University of Auckland 's Department of Political Studies where Professor Chapman was the inaugural Professor. The archive's aim is to maintain "a collection that reflects New Zealand's political, social, cultural and economic history as shown through broadcast media". Since 1984

1785-484: A private trust, be "not answerable in any formal or legal way to the people of New Zealand except through temporary funding contracts." Ms Ardern was told that Ngā Taonga was accountable through its agreement with the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Ms Ardern also asked Ms Barry if she had "considered turning Ngā Taonga into a crown entity; if not, why not?" Ms Barry replied that "no, the current arrangements are working well". Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision itself says it

1890-534: A progress report from Ngā Taonga on its management of the TVNZ Archive collection. The archive submitted its report in September 2018. Regarding the digitization and access targets that it had agreed to with the Crown, Ngā Taonga said "From the outset, none of these targets were achievable. This is because they were founded on unrealistic expectations that Ngā Taonga was in possession of the necessary funding, resourcing, equipment, digital storage and infrastructure at

1995-448: A reference number, series title, programme title, précis, year, duration, production company and credits. Shotlists would not be included as this had been deemed "commercially or legally sensitive". Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision noted in its 2013/14 Annual Report that development work had commenced on a greatly expanded online delivery platform for the large quantities of material resulting from digitisation projects - and specifically from

2100-481: A service agreement between itself and the archive, the broadcaster held no official information between 2013-2017 relating to the digitisation of the TVNZ Archive collection or public online access to the collection or database. On 25 November 2017 RNZ news reported that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision had "deliberately abandoned key television digitisation targets saying it doesn't have the money to meet them". Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision told RNZ news that it had dropped

2205-499: A sustainable structure and funding (this will include a consideration of whether Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision should be established as a Crown entity)". The working group includes Internal Affairs Minister Tracey Martin, Associate Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Grant Robertson, Minister of State Services Chris Hipkins , Minister for Māori Development Nanaia Mahuta and the Minister for Government Digital Services and Associate Minister of State Services Clare Curran . The group

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2310-441: A three-year period. The archive estimated this would equate to 55,550 individual programme titles - the majority being approximately 30-minutes in duration or less. An additional 9,750 hours of content was identified as a baseline work stream. This would be achieved over a three-year period with staff moving away from a production library activity to an archiving activity. These digitisation targets were significantly higher than what

2415-655: A three-year process whereby the New Zealand Film Archive "absorbed" the collections and operations of the RNZ Sound Archives Ngā Taonga Kōrero in 2012 and the Television New Zealand Archive in 2014. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision identifies itself as New Zealand's audiovisual archive , with a purpose of collecting, sharing and caring for New Zealand's audiovisual taonga. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision

2520-515: Is "accountable to all New Zealanders as it collects and cares for audiovisual taonga on their behalf." In June 2018, Internal Affairs Minister Tracey Martin and the Associate Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Grant Robertson announced a National Archival and Library Institutions Ministerial Group. As part of its remit, the group will "investigate options for ensuring Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision has appropriate governance, and

2625-412: Is an agent who deals in footage by promoting it to footage purchasers or producers, while taking a profit in the sales transaction. Ng%C4%81 Taonga Sound %26 Vision Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision (Operating name for The New Zealand Archive of Film, Television and Sound Ngā Taonga Whitiāhua Me Ngā Taonga Kōrero . ) is an archive that was launched on 31 July 2014, following the completion of

2730-496: Is an independent charitable trust (CC22250). It identifies itself as a Tier 2 public benefit entity (PBE). It was originally called The New Zealand Film Archive , incorporated under the Charitable Trusts Act 1957 on 9 March 1981. The name was changed to The New Zealand Archive of Film, Television and Sound Ngā Taonga Whitiāhua Me Ngā Taonga Kōrero , effective 1 July 2014. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's new name

2835-648: Is due to report back to Cabinet by the end of 2018. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision has signed agreements, or is made reference to in agreements with various external agencies including Government departments and independent Charitable Trusts. These include: At February 2017, Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision was a member of the following associations: Association of Moving Image Archivists (AMIA), Association for Recorded Sound Collections (ARSC), Fédération Internationale des Archives du Film (FIAF), Fédération Internationale des Archives du Television (FIAT), International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) and

2940-525: Is great news for teachers, researchers and anyone interested in New Zealand's television heritage" he said. On 1 August 2014 guardianship of the TVNZ Archive was transferred from the state broadcaster TVNZ to the Crown. Minister Foss said the transfer reflected the Government's commitment to better public services and value for money by investing in the "purchase, improvement and ongoing operation of

3045-478: Is often traded between television networks , but good footage usually commands a high price. The actual sum depends on duration, age, size of intended audience, duration of licensing, and other factors. Amateur footage is the low-budget hobbyist art of film practised for passion and enjoyment and not for business purposes. Amateur video footage of current events, for instance from camcorders , smart phones or closed-circuit television , can also often fetch

3150-471: The Charities Act 2005 . Figures prior to the 2014/15 financial year represent employee numbers of The New Zealand Film Archive and are included for reference purposes. In November 2017 Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision supplied the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage with the following figures: by 2010 approximately 50 FTE ( full-time equivalent ), 2012 saw an increase of 10 FTE with the absorption of

3255-544: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage hold a list of the titles held in the TVNZ Archive collection. This has subsequently been released under the Official Information Act. The Ministry considers the majority of titles to be of high heritage and cultural value and the Minister of Broadcasting Craig Foss stated it was a "unique record of life in New Zealand". The contents of the collection are subject to

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3360-453: The "commitment to public access arising from the TVNZ transfer." However in an email from December 2017, released under the Official Information Act, General Manager of Information Services Sarah Davy acknowledged that at the time Ngā Taonga became Archive Manager in 2014 it did not have the technical infrastructure to support online access as described in the TVNZ transfer agreement. In May 2014

3465-458: The "first fruits of that work" would be online before the end of 2014. He was told that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision hoped "to have around 20,000 titles or 5,000 hours of content online within the next three years". The figure of 20,000 was also used in a Government press release, reported in the media and talked about in an interview with Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's first Chief Executive Frank Stark on Radio New Zealand's Mediawatch programme. In

3570-501: The 20,000 titles statement he made in 2014, former Minister Craig Foss told RNZ he could not recall the target and added it must have been set by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. RNZ news asked the Ministry why Minister Foss's public target was 13,000 titles more than what was signed-up to in the Memorandum of Understanding. The Ministry replied "Minister Foss announced an ambitious target." When RNZ tried to ask further questions

3675-552: The 2014/15 Annual Report that the challenge ahead for the archive was to "retain the integrity of the constituent collections whilst providing integrated services and access". The staff and collections of the TVNZ Archive were amalgamated with Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision in August 2014. In 2015 Ngā Taonga restructured the former TVNZ Archive staff, and then in July 2016 Ngā Taonga changed its operational structure. The restructure saw

3780-451: The Associate Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Grant Robertson for the period 1 July 2018 – 30 June 2019. One of the major differences with the earlier MoU was the reduction of digitisation and access targets: now only 1,500 titles would need to be preserved and made available online "provided that rights are clear". The $ 2 million funding for the management of the TVNZ Archive collection remained unchanged. The Chapman archive began as

3885-599: The Association of Moving Image Archivists and the Archives and Records Association of New Zealand raised formal concerns with the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry, opposition MP Jacinda Ardern and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. Between November 2012 and April 2014 the New Zealand Film Archive undertook a major review of its governance, structure and capability at the request of

3990-493: The Board as needed. Trustees are paid an honoraria of $ 10,000 each annually, and the Chair is also paid an additional $ 10,000 annually. The Chair must be a current Trustee and is appointed by the Board on an annual basis. Even though Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision is largely a tax-payer funded organisation, it is not a Crown entity and the Board is solely responsible for identifying and appointing Trustees. The founding Chair of

4095-597: The Board discussed the employee engagement survey and sought the Chief Executive's commitment to meaningful action planning and activity. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's Strategic Plan 2016-2014 published in mid-2016 summarised employee-related issues. These included an aging workforce with low turnover and minimal knowledge management; employees not empowered to use their own initiative; a scattergun approach to professional development and employees not supported because of poor processes. The archive also noted that it

4200-461: The Board was Jane Kominik. She was previously the Chair of The New Zealand Film Archive, and had earlier been Deputy Chief Executive of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage when it was established in 1991. Her term as Chair of Ngā Taonga ended on 30 June 2017. In February 2018 current Chair Simon Murdoch reflected on Kominik's time leading the archive "Her wise and steady leadership during a time of such dramatic change always inspired confidence that

4305-415: The Board's Bicultural Committee and resolved that the Chief Executive would report to the Board on matters relating to the kaupapa of the organisation. The Taha Māori working group within Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision was developed during the 2012-2014 transformation process. Specialist Māori language and programme staff were seconded to a working group to develop Taha Māori programming and activities within

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4410-452: The Crown and Ngā Taonga relating to setting a policy/schedule for the copying of the collection. Even though the Ministry for Culture and Heritage was obliged to monitor Ngā Taonga's service and financial performance it had stopped receiving or seeking information about the MoU targets six-months earlier, in November 2017. In 2017, the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry requested

4515-552: The Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry that within 4–8 years it was predicted that the Betacam and DigiBeta formats would cease to be accessible. In October 2017 the website of the Governor-General noted that 200,000 Betacam tapes from the 1980s, predominantly from the TVNZ Archive collection, are "deteriorating faster than Ngā Taonga can save them and it's estimated they only have eight years [2025] before

4620-609: The Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Chris Finlayson. This followed the transfer of the RNZ Sound Archive in October 2012, and the upcoming transfer of the TVNZ Archive on 1 August 2014. Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik noted that it had been almost two years of review and rebuilding. The result was a new constitution, a new way of electing board members and a new operational structure. The new structure came into effect on 1 July 2014 and became

4725-553: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage and the Department of Internal Affairs to be made accessible to New Zealanders online. That is National's ongoing commitment to public sector broadcasting - the preservation of what we have already and making accessible stuff that has already been paid for and is owned by the taxpayer." Minister of Internal Affairs Peter Dunne said that the new archive facility would allow New Zealanders to access greater levels of audio-visual content online. "This

4830-429: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage appointed Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision as the initial Archive Manager to manage the TVNZ Archive collection on a day-to-day basis. A Memorandum of Understanding between the Minister for Arts Culture and Heritage Chris Finlayson and the Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik was signed on 1 August 2014. The Memorandum of Understanding was due to expire on 30 June 2017 but

4935-409: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage for the ongoing "management, archiving and increased accessibility" of the TVNZ Archive collection. Thereafter it received $ 2 million per year for the same purpose. Two documents were used to inform the initial Budget Bid for operating expenses by the Ministry for Culture and Heritage: a financial due diligence report from PriceWaterhouseCoopers and a "proposal from

5040-415: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage noted that it would not be possible to preserve all of the titles in the TVNZ Archive due to the limited life-span of the current equipment, which was already obsolete. The Ministry noted that it may not be possible to purchase replacement equipment, and it therefore would be necessary to curate and prioritise the digitisation work. In May 2017 Chair Jane Kominik noted to

5145-462: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage stated that no items had been placed online and only 2,139 items had been digitised. Rebecca Elvy, Chief Executive of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, told RNZ news in November 2017 that "It's fair to say that no one involved in the original agreement fully understood what it would take to make such a large and complex collection publicly assessable in digital form." Ms Elvy told RNZ news that it wasn't until 2017 that

5250-549: The Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Frank Stark described the 20,000 titles as an "ambitious challenge". He felt it unlikely that the archive would make a bid for new funding in Budget 2015, but said the archive would need to consider the implications of the target set by Minister Foss. In November 2013, prior to the TVNZ Archive transfer, Ngā Taonga provided the Ministry with a draft digitisation summary. Two project work streams would digitise 25,250 hours of TVNZ Archive content over

5355-490: The Ministry noted that the collection contained 647,000 items. This number was also used in the Cabinet paper which approved the transfer of the collection. However, in November 2017 Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision stated that it only contained 435,000 items, and a promotional video produced by the archive noted that there were approximately 373,000 physical items. In February 2018 the Ministry acknowledged that to their knowledge,

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5460-430: The Ministry phoned RNZ to say that their questions were "aggressive". The archive's own Statement of Intent 2015-2018 noted that it aimed to have 20,000 items (not only TVNZ titles) online by 2018. In the 2014 transfer agreement between TVNZ, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, the archive was given the right to publish an online database containing a précis of each TVNZ title - making

5565-491: The New Zealand Film Archive". The Ministry later clarified that the Film Archive proposal was actually just a series of three draft budgets. In May 2017 Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik wrote to the Minister for Arts Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry noting that the archive was about to begin discussions with the Ministry for Culture and Heritage over two areas "for which Nga Taonga has never been funded": access to audiovisual collections beyond current levels and

5670-691: The Public Records Act 2005. In 2014 the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, on behalf of the Crown, became the guardian of the archive. The physical collection is located in the Wellington region, in the former TVNZ Avalon facility now owned by the Department of Internal Affairs. In 2012 the Ministry for Culture and Heritage noted that TVNZ had identified items in the archive of commercial value – approximately 20,000 hours of news and 125,000 hours of other material. A further 375,000 hours of content had been identified as "heritage material". In 2013

5775-743: The RNZ Sound Archives, 2014 saw an increase of 11 FTE with the absorption of the TVNZ Archive. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision noted that once ongoing funding commenced in 2014 there were 61.6 FTE positions. However the Archive's annual report in 2014/15 noted that it had 80 staff, and in its briefing to the incoming Minister in 2014 Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision said that it had 75 staff - 47 in Wellington, 12 in Christchurch, 4 in Auckland, and 12 at Avalon. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision surveys employee engagement annually. In October 2017

5880-517: The Radio Division (i.e. the former RNZ Sound Archive) and the senior management role of Director Radio was disestablished by the restructure, less than two years after the RNZ Sound Archive amalgamation. Radio Division staff were split and absorbed into the newly created departments. At 1 August 2014, apart from Karen Neill (Head of Partnerships and former Director Radio), there were no former TVNZ Archive or RNZ Sound Archive staff employed in

5985-608: The South East Asia and Pacific Audio-Visual Archives Association (SEAPAVAA). Previously Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision had been a member of the following associations, but their current membership status is unknown: Archives and Records Association of New Zealand (ARANZ), Australasian Sound Recordings Association (ASRA) and the National Oral History Association of New Zealand (NOHANZ). During Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's restructure in 2016

6090-401: The TVNZ Archive database online as well as beginning to make a priority list for preservation. According to a private email from Ms Elvy to TVNZ, this was at least in part to get "[name redacted] off our case by meeting the targets in one foul swoop!!" In response to an earlier Official Information Act request, TVNZ consulted with Ngā Taonga senior manager Sarah Davy and then confirmed that from

6195-466: The TVNZ Archive database searchable by the general public. However discussions over public access to the database only began in November 2017, three years after Ngā Taonga became manager of the collection. TVNZ had earlier said that the database contained commercially sensitive fields that prevented the database going online. According to TVNZ this also prevented video files from appearing online as they needed to be attached to catalogue records. However it

6300-435: The TVNZ Archive to Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. The event also marked the public launch of the amalgamated archive's new name: New Zealand Archive of Film, Television and Sound Ngā Taonga Whitiahua me Ngā Taonga Kōrero. The event included three official speeches from Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik, Board member Derek Fox and the Minister of Broadcasting Craig Foss. During Minister Foss's speech he announced

6405-453: The Trust was "taking the steps required to manage the TVNZ Archive and to make it available to the public. While the number of items available online [0] is lower than targeted [9,500], Ngā Taonga's essential purpose is to ensure the preservation of the irreplaceable collections it holds." However it wasn't until after RNZ began reporting on the project that Ngā Taonga started working on getting

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6510-493: The United States, although footage is still widely used. Sometimes film projects will also sell or trade footage, usually second unit material not used in the final cut. For example, the end of the non- director's cut version of Blade Runner used landscape views that were originally shot for The Shining before the script was modified after shooting had finished. Television footage, especially news footage,

6615-411: The archive complied with the terms of the Memorandum of Understanding. The Memorandum allowed for the Minister to amend the agreement, withhold payments from Ngā Taonga or require repayment if the agreed outputs were not being met. These options however were never utilised by either Maggie Barry or Grant Robertson - the two Ministers responsible for overseeing the archive's activities during the period when

6720-469: The archive didn't meet its targets. Ms Barry did however request a progress report on the TVNZ digitistion project in 2017. This was supplied to the Ministry in September 2018, but has not been supplied to the current Minister, Grant Robertson. In 2012 the Ministry for Culture and Heritage estimated the annual net cost to TVNZ of running the TVNZ Archive was between $ 0.5 and $ 1 million. For the 2014/15 year Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision received $ 1,590,000 from

6825-528: The archive failed to submit it to the new Associate Minister for Culture and Heritage Grant Robertson . When questioned over the digitisation project in November 2017 by RNZ news, Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's Rebecca Elvy said that when she became Chief Executive in 2015 and learned of the 20,000 target, she made it clear to the Ministry for Culture and Heritage that it was unrealistic. "They agreed with that view" she said. Ngā Taonga went on to say that "we can't find any evidence that Ngā Taonga knew of or were

6930-408: The archive had acquired all the equipment needed to undertake the work. She went on to say that the technology to transfer 200,000 Betacam tapes would vanish by 2025. Ms Elvy denied the digitisation project had been a failure so far. She added that the Ministry of Culture and Heritage had never raised any concerns. In a statement to RNZ news, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage said it was confident

7035-447: The archive had previously been able to achieve. A digitisation proposal from the archive in 2013 said that its medialab digitised 5,000-10,000 film and video titles per year. The archive's Annual Report noted that only 5,793 titles were digitised in 2012/13 and 5,807 titles in 2013/14. In the 2014/15 Annual Report the digitisation key performance indicator was dropped and replaced with the more ambiguous Digital Titles Added (which included

7140-476: The archive has been visually capturing, among other things, TVNZ news and current affairs programming. Ngā Taonga has worked with the Chapman Archive to digitise over 13,000 news and current affairs programmes - including TVNZ content. Television New Zealand operates an internal Digital Production Library (DPL). It contains nearly 30,000 hours of news content that has been digitised from Beta SP tape by

7245-507: The archive. The major operational restructure of the Archive in 2014 saw the establishment of the Taha Māori department to "address the needs of Māori collections and users". The department saw rapid growth, with expenditure rising from $ 54,257 in 2013/14 to $ 413,692 in 2014/15. However, in July 2016 an operational restructure saw the disestablishment of the Taha Māori department, with its staff split and absorbed into other departments. At

7350-511: The archive. The building and land were transferred to the Department of Internal Affairs and the Ministry for Culture and Heritage took over guardianship of the collection. In July 2012 a document from the Ministry for Culture and Heritage noted that it remained "MCH's objective that Avalon [the TVNZ Archive] will in due course be much more closely aligned with the activities of the New Zealand Film Archive [now Ngā Taonga]". And so in 2014

7455-409: The archive." Budget 2014 included $ 24.4 million to facilitate the transfer and ongoing management of the archive. Of that, $ 11.32 million was for the purchase of the TVNZ Archive facility at Avalon – including land, building, fixtures, fittings and plant. $ 5.066 million was for the depreciation and capital charge of the facility, and $ 8 million (spread over four years) was for the ongoing management of

7560-420: The broadcaster. As the content is commercially sensitive and subject to licensing arrangements through Getty Images , Ngā Taonga needs to seek permission from TVNZ before placing any of the items online. Over 900 titles from the TVNZ Archive collection currently feature on NZ On Screen , a state-funded online promotional showcase of New Zealand television and film. The website allows users to view and comment on

7665-528: The challenge of making 20,000 titles accessible online within 3 years". The results of the discussion were to feed directly into the Board's planning for the 5-year strategic plan and Statement of Intent 2014-2017. On 12 November 2016 an Official Information Act request was submitted to the Ministry for Culture and Heritage requesting the status of the 20,000 titles project. The Ministry responded two months later saying that it had not received any reports from Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision specifically in relation to

7770-403: The collection had never been comprehensively audited before and was waiting on Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision to complete a stocktake of the collection. After undertaking the collection audit, the archive reported the following numbers in September 2018: The number of photographs was estimated through an average count by box. In a briefing in early 2013 to the Minister of Broadcasting Craig Foss,

7875-563: The collection to the Crown would allow for the proper preservation of the collection. Both the Ministry and TVNZ explicitly wanted to ensure the archive was preserved and that it was made increasingly available for re-use through online streaming and other means. On 24 May 2014, Minister Foss made a speech during the Budget debate in Parliament. He said "A very good announcement today was that over 500,000 hours of Television New Zealand archives will be transferred from Television New Zealand to

7980-399: The departure of two members of the leadership team and the disestablishment of the Taha Māori group, with its staff split and absorbed into the newly created departments. The 2016/17 staff restructure followed on from the operational restructure of July 2016. The restructure proposal was announced to Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision staff on 7 November 2016. It was labeled by the archive as

8085-427: The digitisation of TVNZ Betacam and DigiBeta tape formats beyond business as usual levels. In November 2017 Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision noted to the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage that activity-based costings were not conducted at the time of the TVNZ Archive transfer in 2014. On 31 July 2014 an event was held at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision in Wellington to mark the transfer of the day-to-day management of

8190-603: The digitisation of the TVNZ Archive since its establishment in August 2014. The Ministry did however point to excerpts from two six-monthly reports provided by Ngā Taonga. The first report from late-2014 noted that a preservation programme for the TVNZ Archive collection aimed to be up and running in early 2015. The second report from mid-2016 noted that a digitisation trial had commenced in April 2016. It also pointed to Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's Annual Report 2015/16 which noted that digital titles were added consistently throughout

8295-404: The draft Letter of Expectations provided to the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry for signature established the expectation that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision would continue to deliver this work within baseline funding. In March the Minister for Culture and Heritage Maggie Barry requested a report on the progress of the digitisation project. The report was due by 30 June 2018 but

8400-530: The first significant change since the three organisations had come together. On 9 December the archive confirmed that it would centralise its collections from Auckland and Christchurch to the former TVNZ Avalon facility in Lower Hutt, and that five jobs would be lost. The restructure saw many staff disestablished. Staff had to apply for new roles, and in some cases relocate to Wellington. Released under an Official Information Act request, correspondence from

8505-467: The founding structure of Ngā Taonga. The long-standing function based structure of "collect, protect and connect" employed by the archive was replaced with a structure that put the Treaty of Waitangi partnership at its centre. As part of this, the Taha Māori department was established. The new structure aimed to be audience-focused, standards-based, collaborative and provide value for money. Notably,

8610-414: The interview Mr Stark affirmed that the archive's "main interest is providing public access". The 20,000 figure differs significantly from the digitisation and access targets set out in the Memorandum of Understanding between the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, signed the next day (1 August 2014) by Chair of Ngā Taonga Jane Kominik. In an email on 4 November 2014 to

8715-454: The leadership team from the New Zealand Film Archive. The team included Sarah Davy (Operations), Jamie Lean (Standards), Huia Kopua (Deputy Chief Executive), Karen Neill (Partnership), Diane Pivac (Audience) and Frank Stark (Chief Executive Officer). Prior to the RNZ Sound Archive amalgamation in 2012, Karen Neill was head of RNZ Sound Archives, and between 1 October 2012 - 1 July 2014 was Director Radio at The New Zealand Film Archive. In 2015

8820-408: The leadership team included Sarah Davy (Information Services), Rebecca Elvy (Chief Executive Officer), Jamie Lean (Collection Services), Honiana Love (Pou Ārahi – Strategic Advisor, Māori), Jackie Hay (Outreach and Engagement) and Charlotte McInnes (Chief Operating Officer). The employee figures below were sourced from the annual returns Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision files with Charities Services under

8925-578: The leadership team included Sarah Davy (Operations), Rebecca Elvy (Chief Executive Officer), Jamie Lean (Standards), Huia Kopua (Pou Ārahi Deputy Chief Executive), Karen Neill (Partnership) and Diane Pivac (Audience). In 2016 the leadership team included Sarah Davy (Operations/Information Services), Rebecca Elvy (Chief Executive Officer), Jamie Lean (Standards/Collection Services), Honiana Love (Pou Ārahi – Strategic Advisor, Māori), Charlotte McInnes (Chief Operating Officer), Karen Neill (Partnership), Hohepa Patea (Taha Māori) and Diane Pivac (Audience). In 2017

9030-716: The operation of the NZ On Screen website. Both the funding agency NZ On Air and the Digital Media Trust who operates NZ On Screen, saw no reason to change the current arrangement. The Chair of Digital Media Trust wrote to Ms Kominik to express his concerns about Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's objectives. Subsequently, a Memorandum of Understanding was signed in 2017 between the Digital Media Trust and Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision to work together to "maximise online public access to New Zealand's audiovisual content and heritage". In December 2017 an online petition

9135-888: The organisation was heading in the right direction." Simon Murdoch was appointed Chair in mid-2017. Mr Murdoch also sits on the Performance & Appointments Committee and the Property & Fundraising Committee. Prior to his involvement with the archive, Mr Murdoch was in the media spotlight as head of the Government Communications Security Bureau , presiding over the illegal surveillance of Kim Dotcom . The founding Board of Trustees were all previous Trustees of The New Zealand Film Archive. The founding Trustees were Louise Baker, Derek Fox, Judith Fyfe, Jane Kominik, Morris Love and Nathan Hoturoa Gray. In 2015 Nathan Hoturoa Gray ceased being

9240-436: The point of transfer and onwards, when this was not the case." In July 2018 Chief Executive Rebecca Elvy told RNZ that by itself, the archive could only digitise 1,000 - 1,500 Betacam titles per year and that they would like to do a lot more by bringing in an external party who would "bring their own equipment". That same month, Chair of Nga Taonga Simon Murdoch signed an extension of the 2014 Memorandum of Understanding with

9345-481: The role of Patron of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. In the late 1980s Dame Patsy was the Chair of the New Zealand Film Archive's Board of Trustees. Later she became the Chair of the New Zealand Film Commission . The Board of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision is composed of six Trustees. Each Trustee can be on the Board for a maximum of 2 three-year terms. The Trustees can co-opt other people onto

9450-438: The start of 2014 until November 2017 there had been no correspondence between the two organisations regarding making TVNZ Archive titles or the TVNZ Archive database freely available online. The Minister of Broadcasting, Communications and Digital Media Clare Curran confirmed in March 2018 that she was aware of the complete lack of correspondence between TVNZ and the archive on the issue. TVNZ subsequently confirmed that apart from

9555-544: The streaming content. Earlier versions of the website credit the TVNZ Archive as the provider of much of the TVNZ content. However, in current versions of the website the source for those titles is attributed to Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. In the Strategic Plan 2016-2024 published in mid-2016, Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision wanted to collaborate with NZ On Screen and the NZ Film Commission to establish

9660-415: The tapes degrade completely." Rebecca Elvy, Chief Executive of Ngā Taonga told RNZ news that the technology to digitise the Betacam tapes would vanish by 2025, and that the non-digitised content would be lost forever. In a 2014 briefing to Minister Foss, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage noted that the long-term preservation of the collection did not align with TVNZ's business needs, and that transferring

9765-444: The targets entirely from its four-year plan, and that if there was demand for a specific title to be digitised then it would do it. Having no targets was contrary to the Memorandum of Understanding between the Minister for Arts, Culture and Heritage and the archive. By the end of the agreement period on 30 June 2018, no TVNZ Archive items were available online, the TVNZ Archive database was not online and no meetings had occurred between

9870-421: The term bi-culturalism allowed archive staff to opt-out of kaupapa-centred activities. Even the term kaupapa-centred was largely undefined. Staff had limited knowledge of mana whenua histories and significant places. Both non-Māori and Māori staff felt culturally unsafe at the archive, with organisational policies and procedures not reflecting a kaupapa-centred approach. In May 2016 the Board of Trustees retired

9975-469: The term originates in film, footage is only used for recorded images, such as film stock , videotapes , or digitized clips. For live television feeds, the signals from video cameras are instead called sources . The origin of the term "footage" comes from early 35 mm silent film , which is traditionally measured in feet and frames . The fact that film was measured by length in cutting rooms , and that there are 16 frames ( 4-perf film format ) in

10080-540: The time of publication in mid-2016, Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's Strategic Plan 2016-2014 noted that there was no work programme to address relationships with iwi and Māori. The archive had eight expired Memoranda of Understanding with various iwi, and little connection with urban Māori. The archive didn't engage with Māori audiences and used English as its primary language for on and off-line services, with only elements of Te Reo. After becoming Governor-General of New Zealand in September 2016, Dame Patsy Reddy took on

10185-432: The year and the target was narrowly missed. The Annual Report went on to note that "a new focused digitisation programme at Avalon has helped accelerate work in this area". In January 2017, an internal memorandum to Ministry for Culture and Heritage Chief Executive Paul James noted that Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision "has a long way to go" to achieve the target of 20,000 digitised titles. The memorandum went on to note that

10290-451: Was "the result of much honest self-appraisal". The Strategic Plan not only set out "an ambitious direction and challenging goals", but also clearly documented "a range of factors that create real challenges for us and our clients". This included highlighting ongoing issues with the integration between the three archives, issues with management, iwi engagement, buildings, clients, work processes, diversity of audiences, education activities and

10395-473: Was Associate Deputy Secretary, Education Payroll Services at the Ministry of Education and often appeared in the media when issues with Novopay made the news. Elvy was appointed as Chief Executive for a five-year term beginning 1 May 2015. She also operates a management website to "help people lead inspired, intentional, impactful lives, so that we can change the world for the better". The founding leadership team at Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision in 2014 were

10500-505: Was Frank Stark. He resigned in February 2015, after 22 years as Chief Executive of the New Zealand Film Archive, and then Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. Huia Kopua became the Acting Chief Executive during the first months of 2015. Ms Kopua also held the role of Pou Ārahi Deputy Chief Executive. Rebecca Elvy was seconded from the Ministry of Education and appointed Acting Chief Executive on 2 March 2015. Previously she

10605-415: Was extended by mutual agreement, and without modification, until 30 June 2018. Following an Official Information Act request for more information about how Ngā Taonga was awarded the management of the TVNZ Archive collection, the Ministry revealed that it held very little official information authored by Ngā Taonga relating to the archive between 2012-2014. It only held two general organisation-wide reports,

10710-430: Was later revealed by Ngā Toanga that the archive didn't actually have the technical infrastructure to support online access when it became manager of the collection in 2014. In June 2018 after a "comprehensive audit of the collection" Ngā Taonga announced that metadata from over 400,000 items in the TVNZ Archive database would be searchable by the public in an online catalogue by August 2018. Catalogue records would include

10815-784: Was launched to advocate for NZ On Screen to be supplied with the TVNZ Archive titles digitised by Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision. This approach aimed to bypass the TVNZ/Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision database dispute and allow for the digitised titles to be placed online. The petition organisers noted that they were a group of private citizens, coming together under the name Campaign for Preservation and Access to our Taonga. They had no affiliation with Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision, TVNZ or NZ On Screen. Footage Footage can also refer to sequences used in film and video editing , such as special effects and archive material (for special cases of this, see stock footage and B roll ). Since

10920-433: Was not actively monitoring the mental, physical, emotional and spiritual well-being of staff. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision's kaupapa calls for the Archive to "maintain and defend its own professional integrity, independence and judgment in its role as a publicly accountable body". On 12 July 2016 Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision launched its Strategic Plan 2016–2024. Chair of Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision Jane Kominik said it

11025-464: Was officially launched by the Minister for Broadcasting Craig Foss on 31 July 2014. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision retained the Constitution and Kaupapa of the New Zealand Film Archive when it was founded in 2014. Ngā Taonga Sound & Vision adopted its bicultural framework from the New Zealand Film Archive when the new archive was established in mid-2014. The archive identifies itself as

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