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46-732: Part of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence , the center brings together specialists from other federal agencies, including the CIA , the FBI , the Department of Defense , and the Department of Homeland Security . The idea of a center to merge intelligence on terror threats was proposed by the 9/11 Commission following the completion of its investigation into the September 11 attacks ,

92-806: Is a senior cabinet-level United States government official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All 18 IC agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and

138-540: Is codified in Title ;5 of the United States Code . Twenty-one positions, including the heads of the executive departments and others, receiving Level   I pay are listed in 5 U.S.C.   § 5312 , and those forty-six positions on Level   II pay (including the number two positions of the executive departments) are listed in 5 U.S.C.   § 5313 . As of January 2023 ,

184-601: The Director of Central Intelligence . The line of succession for the director of national intelligence is as follows: Cabinet of the United States#Current Cabinet and Cabinet-rank officials [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The Cabinet of the United States is the principal official advisory body to the president of the United States . The Cabinet generally meets with

230-602: The Executive Office of the President as members of the Cabinet. The Cabinet does not have any collective executive powers or functions of its own, and no votes need to be taken. There are 26 members: the vice president , 15 department heads, and 10 Cabinet-level officials, all except two of whom require Senate confirmation . During Cabinet meetings, the members sit in the order in which their respective department

276-636: The House of Representatives and trial in the Senate for "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors". The Constitution of the United States does not explicitly establish a Cabinet. The Cabinet's role is inferred from the language of the Opinion Clause (Article   II, Section   2, Clause   1) of the Constitution for principal officers of departments to provide advice to

322-499: The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives , and 89–2 in the Senate . President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or

368-759: The NSA and the CIA , and is in charge of the Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE) database. It also operates the publicly accessible Worldwide Incidents Tracking System database. The NCTC's Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment (TIDE) database contains more than 1.2 million identities of people who are known to be terrorists, suspected of it, or linked to people who are. Source: 38°55′59″N 77°12′18″W  /  38.933°N 77.205°W  / 38.933; -77.205 Director of National Intelligence The director of national intelligence ( DNI )

414-778: The National Security Agency (NSA), report directly to the DNI. The DNI also serves, upon invitation, as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, the National Security Council , and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a classified document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to

460-591: The National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). The first director of national intelligence was former U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI

506-468: The President of the United States , the National Security Council , and the Homeland Security Council . It provides terrorism information to the intelligence community ; makes detailed lists of terrorists, terrorist groups, and worldwide terrorist incidents; supports the response to terrorist incidents in the United States and worldwide; and writes assessments and briefings for policymakers. The NCTC has access to various databases , including those from

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552-492: The Cabinet by statute). Functionally, the president may give wide latitude to department heads and often it is legally possible for a Cabinet member to exercise certain powers over his or her own department against the president's wishes, but in practice this is highly unusual due to the threat of dismissal. The president also has the authority to organize the Cabinet, such as instituting committees. Like all federal public officials, Cabinet members are also subject to impeachment by

598-546: The Christmas 2009 terrorist attempt on Northwest Airlines Flight 253 , the NCTC was tasked with creating a process to "thoroughly and exhaustively" prioritize terrorism threat threads; identify follow-up action by intelligence, law enforcement, and homeland security; and enhance the "Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment" database, to add names to watchlists. In 2012, United States Attorney General Eric Holder granted NCTC

644-665: The Level   I annual pay was set at $ 235,600. The annual salary of the vice president is $ 235,300. The salary level was set by the Government Salary Reform Act of 1989, which provides an automatic cost of living adjustment for federal employees. The vice president receives the same pension as other members of Congress as the president of the Senate . The individuals listed below were nominated by President Joe Biden to form his Cabinet and were confirmed by

690-507: The NCTC had begun to work on counterintelligence to combat domestic terrorism. The center analyzes terrorism intelligence including potential domestic threat intelligence; monitors communications internationally and domestically for potential threats; generates actionable information to potentially prevent criminal acts domestically; stores terrorism information; supports U.S. counterterrorism activities using information technology (IT); and plans counter-terrorism activities as directed by

736-668: The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia . On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which included: The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across

782-582: The Presidency in January 2025. Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there" – but it

828-602: The Treasury Alexander Hamilton , Secretary of War Henry Knox and Attorney General Edmund Randolph . Vice President John Adams was not included in Washington's Cabinet because the position was initially regarded as a legislative officer (president of the Senate). Furthermore, until there was a vacancy in the presidency (which did not occur until the death of William Henry Harrison in 1841) it

874-551: The United States Senate on the date noted or are serving as acting department heads by his request, pending the confirmation of his nominees. The Cabinet permanently includes the vice president and the heads of 15 executive departments, listed here according to their order of succession to the presidency . The speaker of the House and the president pro tempore of the Senate follow the vice president and precede

920-535: The authority to collect, store, and analyze extensive data collections on U.S. citizens compiled from governmental and non-governmental sources for suspicious behavior through pattern analysis and to share the databases with foreign states. The effort has drawn controversy for its pre-crime effort, which has been likened to the Information Awareness Office and its proposed mass surveillance . In August 2019, The Daily Beast reported that

966-626: The beginning of their term. An elected vice president does not require Senate confirmation, nor does the White House Chief of Staff , which is an appointed staff position of the Executive Office of the President. The heads of the executive departments and most other senior federal officers at cabinet or sub-cabinet level receive their salary under a fixed five-level pay plan known as the Executive Schedule , which

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1012-478: The community. The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI. There are two directorates, each led by a Deputy Director of National Intelligence: There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center: There are also four oversight offices: The USIC comprises 17 intelligence agencies and organizations: Position succeeded

1058-658: The deadliest attack in world history. Plans to create such a center were announced by President George W. Bush in his January 2003 State of the Union address . On May 1, 2003, Executive Order 13354 established the Terrorist Threat Integration Center (TTIC). In 2004, the center was renamed NCTC and placed under the United States Director of National Intelligence by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act . After

1104-467: The entire IC's whistleblowing and source protection by President Obama via Presidential Policy Directive 19 on October 10, 2012. Under 50 U.S.C.   § 3026 , "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of

1150-459: The first administration of President Donald Trump . The seventh and current DNI is Avril Haines , who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold the office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021. On November 13, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tulsi Gabbard for Director of National Intelligence upon returning to

1196-409: The first presidency of Donald Trump , a status it has retained under President Joe Biden . Currently, the DNI attends all Cabinet meetings and liaises with the Executive Office of the President of the United States and other Cabinet secretaries in the execution of their duties. President-elect Donald Trump has nominated former Congresswoman and U.S. Army reserve lieutenant-colonel Tulsi Gabbard to

1242-457: The fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert . This followed Obama's dismissal of the third DNI, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair , whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010. The fifth DNI, Dan Coats , the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe , and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire , Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao , all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during

1288-585: The head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI. Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of

1334-487: The intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks. Senators Dianne Feinstein , Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed

1380-575: The position after his election. Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the United States Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report , not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well

1426-763: The president in a room adjacent to the Oval Office in the West Wing of the White House. The president chairs the meetings but is not formally a member of the Cabinet. The vice president of the United States serves in the Cabinet by statute. The heads of departments, appointed by the president and confirmed by the Senate , are members of the Cabinet, and acting department heads also participate in Cabinet meetings whether or not they have been officially nominated for Senate confirmation. The president may designate heads of other agencies and non-Senate-confirmed members of

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1472-433: The president of the United States. President George W. Bush strengthened the role of the DNI on July 30, 2008, with Executive Order 13470 , which, among other things, solidified the DNI's legal authority to direct intelligence gathering and analysis, and to set policy for intelligence sharing with foreign agencies and for the hiring and firing of senior intelligence officials. The DNI was given further responsibility for

1518-539: The president within their areas of responsibility without any specific delegation. Under 5 U.S.C.   § 3110 (also known as the 1967 Federal Anti-Nepotism statute), federal officials are prohibited from appointing their immediate family members to certain governmental positions, including those in the Cabinet. Under the Federal Vacancies Reform Act of 1998 , an administration may appoint acting heads of department from employees of

1564-478: The president would exercise executive authority solely or collaboratively with a cabinet of ministers or a privy council . As a result of the debates, the Constitution (Article   II, Section   1, Clause   1) vests "the executive power" in the president singly, and authorizes—but does not compel—the president (Article   II, Section   2, Clause   1) to "require the Opinion, in writing, of

1610-422: The president, it is provided that "nothing herein shall be deemed to require express authorization in any case in which such an official would be presumed in law to have acted by authority or direction of the president." This pertains directly to the heads of the executive departments as each of their offices is created and specified by statutory law (hence the presumption) and thus gives them the authority to act for

1656-525: The president. Additionally, the Twenty-fifth Amendment authorizes the vice president, together with a majority of the heads of the executive departments, to declare the president "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office". The heads of the executive departments are—if eligible—in the presidential line of succession . The tradition of the Cabinet arose out of the debates at the 1787 Constitutional Convention regarding whether

1702-605: The principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices". The Constitution does not specify what the executive departments will be, how many there will be, or what their duties will be. George Washington , the first president of the United States, organized his principal officers into a Cabinet, and it has been part of the executive branch structure ever since. Washington's Cabinet consisted of five members: himself, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson , Secretary of

1748-431: The relevant department. These may be existing high-level career employees, from political appointees of the outgoing administration (for new administrations), or sometimes lower-level appointees of the administration. The heads of the executive departments and all other federal agency heads are nominated by the president and then presented to the Senate for confirmation or rejection by a simple majority (although before

1794-485: The two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position. The DNI, who is appointed by the president of the United States and is subject to confirmation by the United States Senate , serves at the pleasure of the president . The position was elevated to a cabinet-level role during

1840-608: The use of a parliamentary-style Cabinet government. However, Lincoln rebuffed Seward. While Woodrow Wilson was a professor he also advocated a parliamentary-style Cabinet but after becoming president he did not implement it in his administration. In recent administrations, Cabinets have grown to include key White House staff in addition to department and various agency heads. President Ronald Reagan formed seven sub-cabinet councils to review many policy issues, and subsequent presidents have followed that practice. In 3 U.S.C.   § 302 with regard to delegation of authority by

1886-428: The use of the " nuclear option " during the 113th United States Congress , they could have been blocked by filibuster , requiring cloture to be invoked by 3 ⁄ 5 supermajority to further consideration). If approved, they receive their commission scroll , are sworn in , and begin their duties. When the Senate is not in session, the president can appoint acting heads of the executive departments, and do so at

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1932-502: Was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that the DNI appeared to be open to web searches again. In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released " Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration ". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established

1978-545: Was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI , in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001. On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as

2024-408: Was created, with the earliest being closest to the president and the newest farthest away. The members of the Cabinet whom the president appoints serve at the pleasure of the president . The president can dismiss them from office at any time without the approval of the Senate or downgrade their Cabinet membership status (the vice president of the United States is elected not appointed and serves in

2070-444: Was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates , who was serving as president of Texas A&M University , but who declined the offer. Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush the same day. On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second director of national intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State . Donald M. Kerr

2116-601: Was not certain that a vice president would be allowed to serve as president for the duration of the original term as opposed to merely acting as president until new elections could be held. It was not until the 20th century that vice presidents were regularly included as members of the Cabinet and came to be regarded primarily as a member of the executive branch. Presidents have used Cabinet meetings of selected principal officers but to widely differing extents and for different purposes. During President Abraham Lincoln 's administration, Secretary of State William H. Seward advocated

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