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130-468: On a rainy night, a frantically crying man (Percy Phelps) is carried into his home by a few men while his fiancée (Annie) and her brother (Joseph Harrison) watch over him worriedly. The scene changes to the drawing room at the residence of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson at 221B Baker Street . Watson enters the room with a letter he has received from Phelps, a former school friend. Phelps writes that after completing his education he obtained an appointment at

260-530: A knighthood "for services which may perhaps some day be described". However, he does not actively seek fame and is usually content to let the police take public credit for his work. The first set of Holmes stories was published between 1887 and 1893. Conan Doyle killed off Holmes in a final battle with the criminal mastermind Professor James Moriarty in " The Final Problem " (published 1893, but set in 1891), as Conan Doyle felt that "my literary energies should not be directed too much into one channel". However,

390-802: A 1970 LP record audio drama adaptation of "Charles Augustus Milverton". In the 1989–1998 BBC radio series with Clive Merrison as Sherlock Holmes, Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Anna Cropper in adaptations of A Study in Scarlet and The Sign of the Four (1989), by Mary Allen in adaptations of "A Scandal in Bohemia" and "The Noble Bachelor" (1990–91), by Joan Matheson in adaptations of "The Yellow Face", "The Empty House", "The Second Stain", "The Dying Detective", "The Mazarin Stone", "The Three Garridebs", and "The Retired Colourman" (1992–95), and by Judi Dench in

520-960: A Clue (1988). Mrs. Hudson appears in the 2002 anime film Case Closed: The Phantom of Baker Street , in which she is voiced by Kei Hayami in the original Japanese release, and Emily Gray in the English-language dub. Geraldine James portrayed Mrs. Hudson in Guy Ritchie 's 2009 film Sherlock Holmes and the following 2011 film Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows . Mrs. Hudson was played by Sarah Crowden in Mr. Holmes (2015) and by Kelly Macdonald in Holmes and Watson (2018). Mrs. Hudson has been portrayed by multiple actresses in television films and series, including Violet Besson in The Three Garridebs (1937), Iris Vandeleur in

650-597: A Mark III Adams revolver , issued to British troops during the 1870s). Holmes and Watson shoot the eponymous hound in The Hound of the Baskervilles , and in "The Adventure of the Empty House", Watson pistol-whips Colonel Sebastian Moran . In " The Problem of Thor Bridge ", Holmes uses Watson's revolver to solve the case through an experiment. Mrs. Hudson Mrs. Hudson is a fictional character in

780-481: A central theme of " The Yellow Face "). Though Holmes is famed for his reasoning capabilities, his investigative technique relies heavily on the acquisition of hard evidence. Many of the techniques he employs in the stories were at the time in their infancy. The detective is particularly skilled in the analysis of trace evidence and other physical evidence, including latent prints (such as footprints, hoof prints, and shoe and tire impressions) to identify actions at

910-402: A crime scene, using tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals, utilizing handwriting analysis and graphology , comparing typewritten letters to expose a fraud, using gunpowder residue to expose two murderers, and analyzing small pieces of human remains to expose two murders. Because of the small scale of much of his evidence, the detective often uses a magnifying glass at

1040-411: A dish and finds, to his immense surprise and joy, a scroll of paper which turns out to be the stolen treaty. While eating his breakfast, Holmes tells Phelps and Watson that the previous night he waited outside Phelps' window while Annie locked the door as instructed and went to bed. When a person crept into the room through the window, Holmes followed and discovered that the person is Harrison. He entered

1170-631: A fictional character but an actual individual; numerous literary and fan societies have been founded on this pretence . Avid readers of the Holmes stories helped create the modern practice of fandom . The character and stories have had a profound and lasting effect on mystery writing and popular culture as a whole, with the original tales, as well as thousands written by authors other than Conan Doyle , being adapted into stage and radio plays, television, films, video games, and other media for over one hundred years. Edgar Allan Poe 's C. Auguste Dupin

1300-503: A glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation. After confirming Watson's assessment of the wound, Holmes makes it clear to their opponent that the man would not have left the room alive if he genuinely had killed Watson. Holmes' clients vary from the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe, to wealthy aristocrats and industrialists , to impoverished pawnbrokers and governesses . He

1430-717: A housekeeper. Daniel Smith writes that, though few details are given about Mrs. Hudson in Doyle's stories, the character "has become one of the iconic figures of Sherlock Holmes's world" due largely to portrayals of the character in film and television. According to Smith, "Mary Gordon in the Rathbone films and Rosalie Williams in the Granada TV series did much to form the popular image of the landlady". Smith also comments that Gordon, Williams, and other actresses such as Irene Handl and Una Stubbs have provided "memorable portrayals of

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1560-404: A knowledge of Latin . The detective cites Hafez , Goethe , as well as a letter from Gustave Flaubert to George Sand in the original French. In The Hound of the Baskervilles , the detective recognises works by Godfrey Kneller and Joshua Reynolds : "Watson won't allow that I know anything of art, but that is mere jealousy since our views upon the subject differ." In " The Adventure of

1690-486: A later time. Just as he finished hiding the document, Phelps was brought home. Harrison had to move out of his room as it became Phelps' sick room, and since there was always someone present in the room, he could not retrieve the document. Holmes reasoned that since the attempt to break in was made on the night that the hired nurse was not present, the person must have known the household well. But since Phelps had slept lightly that night due to not taking his sleeping draught,

1820-428: A person's clothes and personal items are also commonly relied on; in the stories, Holmes is seen applying his method to items such as walking sticks, pipes, and hats. For example, in "A Scandal in Bohemia", Holmes infers that Watson had got wet lately and had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson asks how Holmes knows this, the detective answers: It is simplicity itself ... my eyes tell me that on

1950-446: A salesman with a wager: "When you see a man with whiskers of that cut and the 'Pink 'un' protruding out of his pocket, you can always draw him by a bet ... I daresay that if I had put 100 pounds down in front of him, that man would not have given me such complete information as was drawn from him by the idea that he was doing me on a wager." Maria Konnikova points out in an interview with D. J. Grothe that Holmes practises what

2080-589: A strong aptitude for acting and disguise. In several stories (" The Sign of Four ", " The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton ", " The Man with the Twisted Lip ", " The Adventure of the Empty House " and " A Scandal in Bohemia "), to gather evidence undercover, he uses disguises so convincing that Watson fails to recognise him. In others (" The Adventure of the Dying Detective " and " A Scandal in Bohemia "), Holmes feigns injury or illness to incriminate

2210-500: A thumbprint to solve a crime in " The Adventure of the Norwood Builder " (generally held to be set in 1895), the story was published in 1903, two years after Scotland Yard's fingerprint bureau opened. Though the effect of the Holmes stories on the development of forensic science has thus often been overstated, Holmes inspired future generations of forensic scientists to think scientifically and analytically. Holmes displays

2340-616: Is Holmes's client in an episode of The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes , "The Hudson Problem" (2006). Ellen McLain has played Mrs. Hudson on Imagination Theatre since 2019. Mrs. Hudson was voiced by June Whitfield in the 1999 radio series The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes . The character was played by Beth Chalmers in two Sherlock Holmes audio drama releases by Big Finish Productions , one released in 2011 titled Sherlock Holmes: The Final Problem/The Empty House , and one released in 2012 titled Sherlock Holmes: The Tangled Skein . Moira Quirk voiced Mrs. Hudson in

2470-414: Is Martha, and described Mrs. Hudson as a "housekeeper", though in the original stories she is only referred to as a "landlady", which is a separate occupation. Cooke writes that "most American Sherlockians until relatively recently seem to have accepted Starrett’s fancies," but adds that British Sherlockians were less likely to identify Mrs. Hudson as "Martha" or confuse her position as a landlady with that of

2600-506: Is a fictional detective created by British author Arthur Conan Doyle . Referring to himself as a " consulting detective " in his stories, Holmes is known for his proficiency with observation, deduction, forensic science and logical reasoning that borders on the fantastic, which he employs when investigating cases for a wide variety of clients, including Scotland Yard . The character Sherlock Holmes first appeared in print in 1887's A Study in Scarlet . His popularity became widespread with

2730-513: Is a much more developed character in Laurie R. King's series of novels focusing on the detective scholar Mary Russell . In this alternative extension of the Holmes mythology, the retired Holmes marries his much younger apprentice and partner. Russell and Holmes meet after the traumatic death of her family in California when she moves to the farm adjoining Holmes' Sussex home. Mrs. Hudson takes

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2860-645: Is also a detective in The House at Baker Street (2016) and The Women of Baker Street (2017), by Michelle Birkby, and in Susan Knight's 2019 book Mrs Hudson Investigates . The 2017 book Memoirs from Mrs. Hudson's Kitchen , by Wendy Heyman-Marsaw, is written from Mrs. Hudson's perspective. The 2012 book Mrs Hudson's Diaries: A View from the Landing at 221B was written by Barry Cryer and Bob Cryer. The comedic radio play Mrs. Hudson's Radio Show (2018)

2990-405: Is as inhuman as a Babbage 's Calculating Machine and just about as likely to fall in love." Holmes says of himself that he is "not a whole-souled admirer of womankind", and that he finds "the motives of women ... inscrutable. ... How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes". In The Sign of Four , he says, "Women are never to be entirely trusted—not

3120-649: Is comfortable with the criminals who inhabit his world and enjoys playing occasional roles in investigations in which an eminently respectable older woman might be needed. In this series, she is slightly older than Holmes (although Russell and Watson think she is significantly older), born in Scotland, raised in Australia, and an immigrant to England. She acted as a mother surrogate to Billy Mudd, Holmes' first 'Irregular', has one sister who lived to adulthood, and one illegitimate child of her own. Holmes states explicitly that

3250-412: Is depicted as a much younger woman in her early to mid 20s, and a widow of a pilot named Jim. In this incarnation, her full name is revealed to be Marie Hudson, and fitting with the theme of the characters being canines, she resembles a Golden Retriever . She normally stays behind at 221B Baker Street, but accompanies Hound and Watson on a few cases, usually any that involve something related to flight, and

3380-586: Is displeased on the two occasions Holmes is visited by a dirty group of Baker Street Irregulars , expressing "disgust" when the Irregulars arrive in A Study in Scarlet and "dismay" when they appear in The Sign of the Four . In " The Adventure of the Speckled Band ", Mrs. Hudson is woken up early by the appearance of a client for Holmes and, by the time Watson is up, has "had the good sense to light

3510-422: Is generally acknowledged as the first detective in fiction and served as the prototype for many later characters, including Holmes. Conan Doyle once wrote, "Each [of Poe's detective stories] is a root from which a whole literature has developed ... Where was the detective story until Poe breathed the breath of life into it?" Similarly, the stories of Émile Gaboriau 's Monsieur Lecoq were extremely popular at

3640-443: Is given about Mrs. Hudson in the original stories, the character has developed a popular image due to portrayals in adaptations and speculation in articles and books, according to a 2005 essay by Catherine Cooke. Cooke writes that Mrs. Hudson is "a nice, motherly individual getting on in years [...] At least, this is how she is usually conceived. It is a portrait perpetuated in numerous films and television adaptations: Minnie Rayner in

3770-402: Is his most significant relationship. When Watson is injured by a bullet, although the wound turns out to be "quite superficial", Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction: It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught

3900-479: Is implied that wealthy clients habitually pay Holmes more than his standard rate. In " The Adventure of the Priory School ", Holmes earns a £6,000 fee (at a time where annual expenses for a rising young professional were in the area of £500). However, Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help even the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him. As Conan Doyle wrote to Joseph Bell, "Holmes

4030-427: Is in a predicament in the first episode "The First Adventure", which was loosely based on A Study in Scarlet . In episode 11, loosely based on " The Adventure of the Speckled Band ", she finds a big snake in the school. In the anime television series Case File nº221: Kabukicho (2019–2020), a re-imagined version of the character is voiced by Junichi Suwabe in the original Japanese release, and by David Wald in

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4160-572: Is in retirement in Sussex in " The Adventure of the Lion's Mane ", he says he is living with his "old housekeeper", which some readers believe is Mrs. Hudson. Holmes tells Watson in " The Adventure of the Empty House " that his sudden return to Baker Street three years after his supposed death "threw Mrs. Hudson into violent hysterics". In the same story, Watson notes that their old Baker Street rooms are unchanged due to "the supervision of Mycroft Holmes and

4290-627: Is kept alive by the photograph of Adler that Holmes received for his part in the case. Shortly after meeting Holmes in the first story, A Study in Scarlet (generally assumed to be 1881, though the exact date is not given), Watson assesses the detective's abilities: In A Study in Scarlet , Holmes claims to be unaware that the Earth revolves around the Sun since such information is irrelevant to his work; after hearing that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. The detective believes that

4420-524: Is known only in select professional circles at the beginning of the first story, but is already collaborating with Scotland Yard . However, his continued work and the publication of Watson's stories raise Holmes's profile, and he rapidly becomes well known as a detective; so many clients ask for his help instead of (or in addition to) that of the police that, Watson writes, by 1887 "Europe was ringing with his name" and by 1895 Holmes has "an immense practice". Police outside London ask Holmes for assistance if he

4550-491: Is known to charge clients for his expenses and claim any reward offered for a problem's solution, such as in " The Adventure of the Speckled Band ", " The Red-Headed League ", and " The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet ". The detective states at one point that "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether." In this context, a client is offering to double his fee, and it

4680-441: Is maintained by their landlady, Mrs. Hudson . Holmes works as a detective for twenty-three years, with Watson assisting him for seventeen of those years. Most of the stories are frame narratives written from Watson's point of view, as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes frequently calls Watson's records of Holmes's cases sensational and populist, suggesting that they fail to accurately and objectively report

4810-734: Is nearby. A British prime minister and the King of Bohemia visit 221B Baker Street in person to request Holmes's assistance; the President of France awards him the Legion of Honour for capturing an assassin; the King of Scandinavia is a client; and he aids the Vatican at least twice. The detective acts on behalf of the British government in matters of national security several times and declines

4940-404: Is no evidence of anyone leaving the building except the commissionaire's wife. Holmes leaves the room while Watson administers to Phelps, who is having an attack of breathlessness, and chats with Joseph Harrison. As an eldest son, Harrison is expecting to inherit his father's business but also dabbles in stocks and shares. Harrison tells him that he was not planning to meet Phelps on the evening of

5070-443: Is no known contemporaneous source for this; the earliest known reference to such events comes from 1949. However, the recorded public reaction to Holmes's death was unlike anything previously seen for fictional events. After resisting public pressure for eight years, Conan Doyle wrote The Hound of the Baskervilles (serialised in 1901–02, with an implicit setting before Holmes's death). In 1903, Conan Doyle wrote " The Adventure of

5200-468: Is now called mindfulness, concentrating on one thing at a time, and almost never "multitasks". She adds that in this he predates the science showing how helpful this is to the brain. Holmes observes the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting skin marks (such as tattoos), contamination (such as ink stains or clay on boots), emotional state, and physical condition in order to deduce their origins and recent history. The style and state of wear of

5330-476: Is really very showy and superficial." Nevertheless, Holmes later performs the same 'trick' on Watson in " The Cardboard Box " and " The Adventure of the Dancing Men ". Though the stories always refer to Holmes's intellectual detection method as " deduction ", Holmes primarily relies on abduction : inferring an explanation for observed details. "From a drop of water," he writes, "a logician could infer

The Naval Treaty - Misplaced Pages Continue

5460-421: Is shown to be a very skilled driver, pilot, and markswoman. She is once kidnapped by Professor Moriarty and his henchmen as a part of a scheme to defeat Hound, though Moriarty vows to never involve her in his schemes after she shows him kindness during the time she's kept as a hostage. Additionally, it's shown that most of the main male cast of the series (namely Hound and especially Watson) are attracted to her. She

5590-427: Is the frequent subject of pastiche writing. The beginning of the story describes the high regard in which Holmes holds her: To Sherlock Holmes she is always the woman. I have seldom heard him mention her under any other name. In his eyes she eclipses and predominates the whole of her sex. It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. ... And yet there was but one woman to him, and that woman

5720-520: Is the landlady of 221B Baker Street , the London residence where Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson live in many of the stories. In the short story " The Adventure of the Naval Treaty ," Holmes says "Her cuisine is a little limited, but she has as good an idea of breakfast as a Scotchwoman ," which some readers have taken to mean that she is Scottish. Other than one mention of her "stately tread" in

5850-534: Is voiced by Yōko Asagami in the original Japanese release and by Patricia Parris in the English-language dub. Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Jenny Laird in The Masks of Death (1984), Margaret John in the television films Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady (1991) and Incident at Victoria Falls (1992), and Kathleen McAuliffe in the television films The Royal Scandal (2001) and The Case of

5980-760: The 1951 television series , Mary Holder, Enid Lindsey, and Grace Arnold in the 1965–1968 television series , Marguerite Young in Doctor Watson and the Darkwater Hall Mystery (1974), Marjorie Bennett in Sherlock Holmes in New York (1976), Rina Zelyonaya in the 1979–1986 Soviet television film series The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson , and Pat Keen in The Baker Street Boys (1983) as well as in

6110-728: The Arthur Wontner films , Mary Gordon in the Basil Rathbone films , Irene Handl in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes , and Rosalie Williams in the Jeremy Brett series ". Cooke also adds that essays written about Mrs. Hudson have influenced the general conception of the character, one of the most influential being "The Singular Adventures of Martha Hudson" by Vincent Starrett , originally published in 1934. Starrett suggested that Mrs. Hudson's first name

6240-519: The Diogenes Club . Holmes says that he first developed his methods of deduction as an undergraduate; his earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from his fellow university students. A meeting with a classmate's father led him to adopt detection as a profession. In the first Holmes tale, A Study in Scarlet , financial difficulties lead Holmes and Dr. Watson to share rooms together at 221B Baker Street , London. Their residence

6370-541: The Foreign Office and that a misfortune has occurred which could ruin his career and reputation. He requests that Watson bring Holmes to meet him and offer his assistance in the matter. Holmes deduces that the letter was written by a woman "of an exceptional nature" and agrees to accompany Watson to Phelps’ home, Briarbrae House in Woking . Holmes and Watson meet Joseph Harrison in the garden of Briarbrae House. Inside

6500-541: The Sherlock Holmes novels and short stories by Arthur Conan Doyle . She is the landlady of 221B Baker Street , the London residence in which Sherlock Holmes lives. Mrs. Hudson appears or is mentioned in many Sherlock Holmes stories, though her appearances are generally brief, and little information is given about the character. She has been made a more prominent character in multiple Sherlock Holmes adaptations in film, television, and other media. Mrs. Hudson

6630-568: The University of Edinburgh Medical School , is also cited as an inspiration for Holmes. Littlejohn, who was also Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health in Edinburgh, provided Conan Doyle with a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime. Other possible inspirations have been proposed, though never acknowledged by Doyle, such as Maximilien Heller , by French author Henry Cauvain. In this 1871 novel (sixteen years before

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6760-637: The triple alliance in the event of the French fleet gaining ascendency over Italy in the Mediterranean. Phelps returned to his office, waited till his colleague Charles Gorot left for the day and then started copying the document page by page. Phelps tells Holmes that he had intended to join Harrison on the 11 o'clock train back to Woking but was not able to because the document was very long. Feeling tired after working for several hours, Phelps rang for

6890-471: The "science" of his craft: Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it [ A Study in Scarlet ] with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story or an elopement into the fifth proposition of Euclid . ... Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in

7020-503: The 1988 film Without a Clue . In the 1983 animated television adaptation of The Sign of Four , she was voiced by Lynn Rainbow . In Granada Television's Sherlock Holmes series (1984–1994), Mrs. Hudson was played by Rosalie Williams . Williams, along with Mary Gordon in the Rathbone films, did much to form the popular image of Mrs. Hudson. In the TMS anime series Sherlock Hound (1984–1985) directed by Hayao Miyazaki , Mrs. Hudson

7150-538: The 19th episode of the US series Elementary , "Snow Angels" (2013), as an expert in Ancient Greek who essentially makes a living as a kept woman and muse for various wealthy men; Holmes allows her to stay in the apartment after a break-up, and she subsequently agrees to clean for them once a week as a source of income and to prevent Holmes from having to do it himself. She is portrayed by Candis Cayne . Mrs. Hudson

7280-471: The 2014 L.A. Theatre Works audio dramatisation of The Hound of the Baskervilles . Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Patricia Hodge in the 2-episode comedic radio play Mrs Hudson's Radio Show in 2018. The show presented a humorous take on Mrs Hudson's life in Baker Street. Mrs. Hudson was played by Patricia Hodge in the 2018 radio series Mrs Hudson's Radio Show . Mrs. Clara (née Clarisa) Hudson

7410-611: The BBC series Sherlock . As in that rendition of the character, Mrs. Hudson has a criminal past and initially met Holmes in unsavory circumstances, in this case when she murdered her father to save Holmes' life. Holmes buys the Baker St. house for Hudson and establishes her as his landlady. In typical Holmesian logic, this relieves him of the tedium of homeownership and explains both her forbearance with her tenant and his uncharacteristic affection for her. A skilled actress and con artist, she

7540-654: The Baskervilles (1921) and The Sign of Four (1923). Other actresses who have played Mrs. Hudson in films include Minnie Rayner in The Sleeping Cardinal (1931), The Missing Rembrandt (1932), The Triumph of Sherlock Holmes (1935) and Silver Blaze (1937), Marie Ault in The Speckled Band (1931), Clare Greet in The Sign of Four (1932), and Tempe Pigott in A Study in Scarlet (1933). Mary Gordon played Mrs. Hudson in

7670-433: The British war effort. Only one other adventure, " The Adventure of the Lion's Mane ", takes place during the detective's retirement. Watson describes Holmes as " bohemian " in his habits and lifestyle. Said to have a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness, at the same time Holmes is an eccentric with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order. Watson describes him as in his personal habits one of

7800-629: The Bruce-Partington Plans ", Watson says that "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus ", considered "the last word" on the subject—which must have been the result of an intensive and very specialized musicological study which could have had no possible application to the solution of criminal mysteries. Holmes is a cryptanalyst , telling Watson that "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself

7930-504: The Dying Detective ": Mrs. Hudson, the landlady of Sherlock Holmes, was a long-suffering woman. Not only was her first-floor flat invaded at all hours by throngs of singular and often undesirable characters but her remarkable lodger showed an eccentricity and irregularity in his life which must have sorely tried her patience. His incredible untidiness, his addiction to music at strange hours, his occasional revolver practice within doors, his weird and often malodorous scientific experiments, and

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8060-411: The Empty House "; set in 1894, Holmes reappears, explaining to a stunned Watson that he had faked his death to fool his enemies. Following "The Adventure of the Empty House", Conan Doyle would sporadically write new Holmes stories until 1927. Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—between his disappearance and presumed death in "The Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of

8190-693: The Empty House"—as the Great Hiatus. The earliest known use of this expression dates to 1946. In His Last Bow , the reader is told that Holmes has retired to a small farm on the Sussex Downs and taken up beekeeping as his primary occupation. The move is not dated precisely, but can be presumed to be no later than 1904 (since it is referred to retrospectively in " The Adventure of the Second Stain ", first published that year). The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement to aid

8320-588: The English-language dub. Kana Asumi voices Mrs. Hudson in the anime series Moriarty the Patriot . Mary Gordon , who played Mrs. Hudson in the 1939–1946 film series starring Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce, also portrayed Mrs. Hudson in the Sherlock Holmes radio series with Rathbone and Bruce, The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes . Gordon played the character in multiple episodes, for example "The Night Before Christmas" (1945) and "The Adventure of

8450-498: The Foreign Office, where they meet Inspector Forbes, who tells them they have cleared both the commissionaire and Phelps' colleague Gorot. He has no idea who rang the bell or why. Lord Holdurst tells them that he is certain no one overheard him giving Phelps instructions about the document and no one knew of the task assigned to him. Holmes deduces that the person who took the document came across it unexpectedly and asks whether

8580-454: The Four" (1963). Barbara Mitchell portrayed Mrs. Hudson in "A Study in Scarlet" (1962), "The Five Orange Pips" (1966), "The Dying Detective" (1967), and "The Second Stain" (1967). Janet Morrison played Mrs. Hudson in "The Bruce-Partington Plans", "The Three Garridebs", "The Norwood Builder", and "The Retired Colourman" (all in 1964), plus "The Dancing Men", "The Lion's Mane", and "His Last Bow" (all in 1969). Cecile Chevreau played Mrs. Hudson in

8710-696: The Lazarus Testament (2015), and Mrs Hudson and the Samarkand Conspiracy (2020) by Martin Davies , and in Barry S. Brown's Mrs. Hudson of Baker Street series of novels, including The Unpleasantness at Parkerton Manor (2010), Mrs. Hudson and The Irish Invincibles (2011), Mrs. Hudson in the Ring (2013), Mrs. Hudson in New York (2015), and Mrs Hudson's Olympic Triumph (2017). She

8840-543: The London slavey. In the first Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet , Dr. Watson compares Holmes to C. Auguste Dupin , Edgar Allan Poe's fictional detective, who employed a similar methodology. Alluding to an episode in " The Murders in the Rue Morgue ", where Dupin determines what his friend is thinking despite their having walked together in silence for a quarter of an hour, Holmes remarks: "That trick of his breaking in on his friend's thoughts with an apropos remark ...

8970-523: The Missing Three-Quarter ", Watson says that although he has "weaned" Holmes from drugs, the detective remains an addict whose habit is "not dead, but merely sleeping". Watson and Holmes both use tobacco, smoking cigarettes, cigars, and pipes . Although his chronicler does not consider Holmes's smoking a vice per se , Watson—a physician—does criticise the detective for creating a "poisonous atmosphere" in their confined quarters. Holmes

9100-1007: The Sherlock Holmes 1939–1946 film series starring Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Watson. Gordon's portrayal of Mrs. Hudson, along with the later portrayal of the character by Rosalie Williams in the Granada television series, helped establish the popular image of Mrs. Hudson. Mrs. Hudson was played by Edith Schultze-Westrum in Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962), Barbara Leake in A Study in Terror (1965), Irene Handl in The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes (1970), Alison Leggatt in The Seven-Per-Cent Solution (1976), Betty Woolfe in Murder by Decree (1979), and Pat Keen in Without

9230-637: The Tell-Tale Pigeon Feathers" (1946). On various BBC radio stations, Mrs. Hudson was played by Dora Gregory in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" (1945), Susan Richards in a different dramatisation of the same story in 1948, Elizabeth Maude in "The Dying Detective" and "The Second Stain" (both in 1954), Elsa Palmer in The Sign of Four (1959), Kathleen Helme in "The Naval Treaty" (1960), Penelope Lee in "The Valley of Fear" (1960), Gudrun Ure in "The Empty House" (1961), Beryl Calder in "Thor Bridge" (1962), and Grizelda Hervey in "The Sign of

9360-592: The Whitechapel Vampire (2002). In the BBC series Sherlock (2010–2017), she is played by actress and TV presenter Una Stubbs . She offers Holmes a lower rent because he helped her out by ensuring the conviction and execution of her husband in Florida after he murdered two people. In " A Scandal in Belgravia " when agents torture Mrs. Hudson trying to find a mobile phone, Sherlock repeatedly throws

9490-418: The absence of stimulating cases. He sometimes used morphine and sometimes cocaine , the latter of which he injects in a seven-per cent solution; both drugs were legal in 19th-century England. As a physician, Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's only vice, and concerned about its effect on Holmes's mental health and intellect. In " The Adventure of

9620-484: The address of 221B Baker Street , London, where many of the stories begin. Though not the first fictional detective, Sherlock Holmes is arguably the best-known. By the 1990s, over 25,000 stage adaptations, films, television productions, and publications had featured the detective, and Guinness World Records lists him as the most portrayed human literary character in film and television history. Holmes's popularity and fame are such that many have believed him to be not

9750-403: The agent responsible out of an upper-level window, and later states that "England would fall" if Mrs. Hudson left Baker Street. In " His Last Vow " her name is revealed to be Martha Louise Hudson (née Sissons), a semi-reformed alcoholic and former exotic dancer. Her "pressure point", according to Charles Augustus Magnussen ’s information on her, is marijuana. A transgender Ms. Hudson appears in

9880-423: The atmosphere of violence and danger which hung around him made him the very worst tenant in London. On the other hand, his payments were princely. I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms during the years that I was with him. The landlady stood in the deepest awe of him and never dared to interfere with him, however outrageous his proceedings might seem. She

10010-472: The attempt failed. Holmes explains that by following Harrison into the room, he allowed Harrison to show him the hiding place preventing the need to rip up the whole room. In reply to Watson's asking why Harrison used the window instead of the door, Holmes says that he did that to make it look like the job of a burglar and if necessary make an escape across the courtyard. Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes ( / ˈ ʃ ɜːr l ɒ k ˈ h oʊ m z / )

10140-510: The author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers." Holmes also demonstrates a knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she hid a photograph based on the premise that a woman will rush to save her most valued possession from a fire. Another example is in " The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle ", where Holmes obtains information from

10270-541: The best of them", a feeling Watson notes as an "atrocious sentiment". In "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", Holmes writes, "Women have seldom been an attraction to me, for my brain has always governed my heart." At the end of The Sign of Four , Holmes states that "love is an emotional thing, and whatever is emotional is opposed to that true, cold reason which I place above all things. I should never marry myself, lest I bias my judgement." Ultimately, Holmes claims outright that "I have never loved." But while Watson says that

10400-462: The bust of Holmes was spoiled by the bullet and presents the bullet to Holmes. There is no mention in the stories of Mrs. Hudson's husband. It has been suggested as a possibility that she was never married, since the title " Mrs. " was used in the Victorian era as a respectful title for high-ranking domestic staff, regardless of marital status. While no relatives of Mrs. Hudson's are identified in

10530-410: The case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it. Nevertheless, when Holmes recorded a case himself, he was forced to concede that he could more easily understand the need to write it in a manner that would appeal to the public rather than his intention to focus on his own technical skill. Holmes's friendship with Watson

10660-616: The city's underclass. These agents included a variety of informants , such as Langdale Pike, a "human book of reference upon all matters of social scandal", and Shinwell Johnson, who acted as Holmes's "agent in the huge criminal underworld of London". The best known of Holmes's agents are a group of street children he called "the Baker Street Irregulars ". Holmes and Watson often carry pistols with them to confront criminals—in Watson's case, his old service weapon (probably

10790-456: The commissionaire to get him a cup of coffee. The bell was answered by the commissionaire's wife, who said she would request the coffee. When the coffee did not arrive after a while, Phelps left his room, with the original and the half-finished copy on his desk. He found that the commissionaire had dozed off, and while he was apologizing, a bell rang in the commissionaire's room to both their amazement. The bell could only have been rung by someone in

10920-635: The condition of her remaining in England and their relationship is that Hudson's life prior to the murder is never to be mentioned, that they must never have a sexual or romantic relationship, and that she know that her history as a criminal and murderer will always be present in his mind whenever they interact. To Holmes, Hudson represents a way of solving the ethical problem of what to do with someone who murders to prevent harm, but who may return to criminal activity. His manipulation of Hudson removes Hudson and Mudd from lives as criminals, keeps Hudson's infant from

11050-482: The contents are not leaked, as the Russian and French embassies would pay an immense sum of money for the contents. He suggested Percy stay to copy the document after everyone has left, stipulating that he must lock both the original and the copy in his desk drawer and hand them over personally the next morning. In answer to Holmes' question, Percy tells him that the document defines the position of Great Britain towards

11180-423: The detective becomes engaged under false pretenses in order to obtain information about a case, abandoning the woman once he has the information he requires. Irene Adler is a retired American opera singer and actress who appears in " A Scandal in Bohemia ". Although this is her only appearance, she is one of only a handful of people who bests Holmes in a battle of wits, and the only woman. For this reason, Adler

11310-404: The detective has an "aversion to women", he also notes Holmes as having "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]". Watson notes that their housekeeper Mrs. Hudson is fond of Holmes because of his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women. He disliked and distrusted the sex, but he was always a chivalrous opponent." However, in " The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton ",

11440-540: The detective. A statement of Holmes' age in " His Last Bow " places his year of birth at 1854; the story, set in August 1914, describes him as sixty years of age. His parents are not mentioned, although Holmes mentions that his "ancestors" were " country squires ". In " The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter ", he claims that his grandmother was sister to the French artist Vernet, without clarifying whether this

11570-492: The development of the character in 1912, Conan Doyle wrote that "In the first one, the Study in Scarlet , [Holmes] was a mere calculating machine, but I had to make him more of an educated human being as I went on with him." Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognises the true identity of the disguised "Count von Kramm". At the end of A Study in Scarlet , Holmes demonstrates

11700-513: The doctor that during two years at college he made only one friend: "I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson ... I never mixed much with the men of my year." The detective goes without food at times of intense intellectual activity, believing that "the faculties become refined when you starve them". At times, Holmes relaxes with music, either playing the violin or enjoying the works of composers such as Wagner and Pablo de Sarasate . Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially in

11830-442: The dramatisation of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1998). Lee Paasch voiced Mrs. Hudson for Imagination Theatre ' s radio series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes from 1998 until her death in 2013, and was the only actress to voice Mrs. Hudson in the related series by Imagination Theatre , The Classic Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (2005–2016), which adapted all of Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories for radio. Mrs. Hudson

11960-404: The feared consequences of the document's leakage have occurred. Lord Holdhurst replies they had not and he would certainly know if any of the foreign embassies were to know about the document. Back at Baker Street, Holmes tells Watson that nothing more can be done that evening unless he gets an answer to his enquiry whether any cab driver dropped anyone at or near the Foreign Office on the evening of

12090-420: The fire" according to Holmes. She is the landlady of 221B Baker Street, and also appears to perform various tasks such as preparing meals. Holmes praises her "excellent" breakfasts in " The Adventure of the Naval Treaty " and " The Adventure of Black Peter ". She serves curried chicken in "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty" and woodcock in " The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle ". She sometimes escorts visitors up

12220-526: The first appearance of Sherlock Holmes), Henry Cauvain imagined a depressed, anti-social, opium-smoking polymath detective, operating in Paris. It is not known if Conan Doyle read the novel, but he was fluent in French. Details of Sherlock Holmes' life in Conan Doyle's stories are scarce and often vague. Nevertheless, mentions of his early life and extended family paint a loose biographical picture of

12350-610: The first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine , beginning with " A Scandal in Bohemia " in 1891; additional tales appeared from then until 1927, eventually totalling four novels and 56 short stories . All but one are set in the Victorian or Edwardian eras between 1880 and 1914. Most are narrated by the character of Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson , who usually accompanies Holmes during his investigations and often shares quarters with him at

12480-524: The guilty. In the latter story, Watson says, "The stage lost a fine actor ... when [Holmes] became a specialist in crime." Guy Mankowski has said of Holmes that his ability to change his appearance to blend into any situation "helped him personify the idea of the English eccentric chameleon, in a way that prefigured the likes of David Bowie ". Until Watson's arrival at Baker Street, Holmes largely worked alone, only occasionally employing agents from

12610-543: The house, they are greeted by Phelps himself and Annie in Phelps’ sick room. Phelps narrates the incidents of the evening of 23 May, when he was summoned by Lord Holdhurst (the Foreign Minister and his uncle) to his office. Lord Holdhurst entrusted Phelps with the task of creating a copy of a naval treaty signed between England and Italy. He told Phelps that the job must be done very carefully, while making sure that

12740-410: The immediate care of Mrs. Hudson". Mrs. Hudson also places herself in danger to assist Holmes in the story, by carefully moving a bust of Holmes every quarter of an hour to fool a sniper, Colonel Sebastian Moran , into thinking the bust is actually Holmes. When Moran fires his gun, the bullet passes through the bust and hits the wall, after which it is picked up by Mrs. Hudson. She expresses dismay that

12870-399: The incident and did not know of Phelps' intention to join him on the train back to Woking. Feeling better, Phelps tells Holmes that a search of the commissionaire's home revealed no trace of the document. He has no further recollection of the events since he collapsed and was taken home by a doctor from his neighbourhood who was fortunately traveling back to Woking. Holmes and Watson travel to

13000-420: The incident. At Briarbrae House, Phelps sends the hired nurse away and tells Annie that he will sleep without medication, since Holmes' taking the case has given him new hope. He is awakened later that night to see the silhouette of someone trying to enter through the window. The person flees before Phelps is able to get a look at the face. The next morning, while Watson, Harrison and Phelps are outside discussing

13130-403: The inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of

13260-424: The intrusion, Holmes rushes in to ask to Annie to remain in the sick room all day and to lock the room from the outside when she leaves to go to bed. He then invites Phelps to come with him and Watson to London and spend the night there. On the way to Woking station, Holmes suddenly gets out of the carriage, telling Watson to take Phelps to Baker Street and remain there and that he expects to join them by breakfast time

13390-431: The landlady "Mrs. Turner", rather than Mrs. Hudson, which has caused much speculation among Holmes fans. It has been suggested that Mrs. Turner was substituting for Mrs. Hudson or that Holmes or Watson mistakenly used the wrong name, though it may have simply been an error by Doyle, since the name Mrs. Turner also appeared in an early draft of " The Adventure of the Empty House " but was corrected to Mrs. Hudson. When Holmes

13520-462: The law as a means for righting a wrong, contending that "there are certain crimes which the law cannot touch, and which therefore, to some extent, justify private revenge." His companion condones the detective's willingness to do this on behalf of a client—lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses—when he also feels it morally justifiable. Except for that of Watson, Holmes avoids casual company. In "The Gloria Scott " , he tells

13650-475: The mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and learning useless things reduces one's ability to learn useful things. The later stories move away from this notion: in The Valley of Fear , he says, "All knowledge comes useful to the detective", and in "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", the detective calls himself "an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles". Looking back on

13780-407: The most untidy men that ever drove a fellow-lodger to distraction. [He] keeps his cigars in the coal-scuttle , his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece. ... He had a horror of destroying documents. ... Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room

13910-461: The next morning. Holmes spends the day in the countryside, returns to Briarbrae later in the evening and sees Annie reading in Phelps' room. The next morning at Baker Street, Holmes returns with an apparent injury to his left hand. Mrs. Hudson brings in the breakfast on covered dishes. Phelps refuses to eat, but Holmes asks him to help serve breakfast, since his hand is hurt. Phelps lifts the lid off

14040-453: The novel A Study in Scarlet , she is given no physical description or first name, although some commentators have identified her with the "Martha" in " His Last Bow ". In the first Sherlock Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet , there is a landlady of 221B Baker Street, though her name is not given. The landlady is identified as Mrs. Hudson in the following story, The Sign of the Four . At one point in " A Scandal in Bohemia ", Holmes calls

14170-409: The occasionally tetchy but ultimately sympathetic stalwart of 221B" and helped cement Mrs Hudson's place in the public consciousness. Mme. d'Esterre played Mrs. Hudson in multiple titles in the 1921–1923 Stoll film series starring Eille Norwood as Holmes, including the short films The Dying Detective (1921) and The Man with the Twisted Lip (1921), as well as the feature films The Hound of

14300-569: The original 1988 production of Sherlock Holmes: The Musical , in which one song is performed solely by Mrs. Hudson (in which she laments the misfortunes in her life), and another song is performed by Mrs. Hudson and others. She appears briefly in the Mythos Software video games The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of the Serrated Scalpel (voiced by Diana Montano) and The Lost Files of Sherlock Holmes: The Case of

14430-496: The page Billy , Mrs. Hudson employs a live-in maid at Baker Street. Watson hears the maid going to bed while he is waiting up for Holmes in A Study in Scarlet , and waits for the maid to bring him coffee in " The Five Orange Pips ". She brings Holmes a telegram in " The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans ". It has been suggested that this maid could be the Mrs. Turner who appears in "A Scandal in Bohemia". Though limited information

14560-449: The possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other." However, Holmes does employ deductive reasoning as well. The detective's guiding principle, as he says in The Sign of Four , is: "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth." Despite Holmes's remarkable reasoning abilities, Conan Doyle still paints him as fallible in this regard (this being

14690-480: The reaction of the public surprised him very much. Distressed readers wrote anguished letters to The Strand Magazine , which suffered a terrible blow when 20,000 people cancelled their subscriptions to the magazine in protest. Conan Doyle himself received many protest letters, and one lady even began her letter with "You brute". Legend has it that Londoners were so distraught upon hearing the news of Holmes's death that they wore black armbands in mourning, though there

14820-448: The room to retrieve the document, which he had previously hidden in underside of the sofa. After a struggle in which Holmes’ hand was injured by Harrison's knife, Harrison escaped. Watson is surprised Holmes let Harrison get away, but Holmes tells him that he has wired Harrison's details to the police and that it is probably better for Lord Holdhurst and Phelps’ sake that the matter never reach the police court. Holmes explains that Harrison

14950-408: The room where Phelps was working. Realizing that the documents are lying unprotected on his desk, Phelps rushed up to his room and found that the documents had disappeared from his desk. Phelps tells Holmes that he did not pass anyone on the stairs while going up. There are two stairs that lead up to Phelps’ office, so the thief must have used the other staircase that opened onto on Charles street. There

15080-454: The scene and an optical microscope at his Baker Street lodgings. He uses analytical chemistry for blood residue analysis and toxicology to detect poisons; Holmes's home chemistry laboratory is mentioned in " The Naval Treaty ". Ballistics feature in "The Adventure of the Empty House" when spent bullets are recovered to be matched with a suspected murder weapon, a practice which became regular police procedure only some fifteen years after

15210-467: The steps to Holmes's flat, such as Inspectors Gregson and Baynes in " The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge " and some sailors in "The Adventure of Black Peter". She also occasionally brings Holmes a card or telegram on a tray, for instance when she brings Holmes the card of John Garrideb in " The Adventure of the Three Garridebs " and a telegram in " The Adventure of the Dancing Men ". In addition to

15340-543: The stories, she shares her surname with a character in " The Adventure of the Gloria Scott " and another in " The Adventure of the Six Napoleons ". There are also characters in " The Boscombe Valley Mystery " with the surname Turner, a name which may or may not be connected with Mrs. Hudson in "A Scandal in Bohemia". Watson describes the relationship between Holmes and Hudson in the opening of " The Adventure of

15470-406: The story was published. Laura J. Snyder has examined Holmes's methods in the context of mid- to late-19th-century criminology, demonstrating that, while sometimes in advance of what official investigative departments were formally using at the time, they were based upon existing methods and techniques. For example, fingerprints were proposed to be distinct in Conan Doyle's day, and while Holmes used

15600-503: The time Conan Doyle began writing Holmes, and Holmes's speech and behaviour sometimes follow those of Lecoq. Doyle has his main characters discuss these literary antecedents near the beginning of A Study in Scarlet , which is set soon after Watson is first introduced to Holmes. Watson attempts to compliment Holmes by comparing him to Dupin, to which Holmes replies that he found Dupin to be "a very inferior fellow" and Lecoq to be "a miserable bungler". Conan Doyle repeatedly said that Holmes

15730-574: The workhouse, and provides Holmes with a housekeeper and intelligent ally. In Sherlock Holmes' War of the Worlds (1975) it is suggested that Holmes and the younger Mrs. Hudson had a long-lasting love relationship, obvious to all but the naive Watson. Mrs Hudson is the detective in the novels Mrs Hudson and the Spirits' Curse (2002), Mrs Hudson and the Malabar Rose (2005), Mrs Hudson and

15860-419: The young and emotionally fragile Russell under her wing, and Russell comes to think of her as a friend, a second mother, and a rock in the whirl of danger that always surrounds Holmes. The novel The Murder of Mary Russell (2016) tells Mrs. Hudson's biography over several generations, her meeting and bond with Holmes, and her ties to Russell. The novel appeared after the development of Mrs. Hudson's character in

15990-406: Was Claude Joseph , Carle , or Horace Vernet . Holmes' brother Mycroft , seven years his senior, is a government official. Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of human database for all aspects of government policy. Sherlock describes his brother as the more intelligent of the two, but notes that Mycroft lacks any interest in physical investigation, preferring to spend his time at

16120-449: Was based on the book. The character Mrs. Judson in the Basil of Baker Street books is based on Mrs. Hudson. In the 1923 play The Return of Sherlock Holmes , Mrs. Hudson was portrayed by Esmé Hubbard. Mrs. Hudson was played by Paddy Edwards in the 1965 musical Baker Street , though the character does not perform any of the songs in the musical. Julia Sutton played Mrs. Hudson in

16250-436: Was fond of him, too, for he had a remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women. In The Sign of the Four , she worries about Holmes's health after hearing him spend the night pacing up and down. In " The Adventure of the Naval Treaty ", she apparently plays along with Holmes's dramatic reveal of the missing treaty to Mr. Phelps by serving Mr. Phelps a covered dish with the recovered treaty inside. Mrs. Hudson

16380-470: Was inspired by the real-life figure of Joseph Bell , a surgeon at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh , whom Conan Doyle met in 1877 and had worked for as a clerk. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing broad conclusions from minute observations. However, he later wrote to Conan Doyle: "You are yourself Sherlock Holmes and well you know it". Sir Henry Littlejohn , Chair of Medical Jurisprudence at

16510-502: Was portrayed by Ingeborga Dapkūnaitė in the Russian 2013 television series Sherlock Holmes . In the NHK puppetry television series Sherlock Holmes (2014–2015), Mrs. Hudson (voiced by Keiko Horiuchi ) is a jolly housemother of Baker House, one of the houses of Beeton School . She loves singing and baking biscuits and calls Holmes by his first name Sherlock. She is particularly kind to him and Watson because Holmes saves her when she

16640-412: Was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner. While Holmes is characterised as dispassionate and cold, he can be animated and excitable during an investigation. He has a flair for showmanship, often keeping his methods and evidence hidden until the last possible moment so as to impress observers. Holmes is willing to break

16770-512: Was the late Irene Adler, of dubious and questionable memory. Five years before the story's events, Adler had a brief liaison with Crown Prince of Bohemia Wilhelm von Ormstein. As the story opens, the Prince is engaged to another. Fearful that the marriage would be called off if his fiancée's family learns of this past impropriety, Ormstein hires Holmes to regain a photograph of Adler and himself. Adler slips away before Holmes can succeed. Her memory

16900-509: Was under heavy debt due to losing money in the stock market. On the night of the theft, he was free earlier than expected and went to Phelps’ office to join him on the return train. He went in by the Charles Street entrance and seeing no one in Phelps’ room rang the bell. He then saw the treaty on the desk and realised that it is an important state document. So he stole it, went back to Woking and hid it in his room, intending to sell it at

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