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77-455: The Tribune was founded February 21, 1874, by George Staniford and Benet A. Dewes. The Oakland Daily Tribune was first printed at 468 Ninth St. as a 4-page, 3-column newspaper, 6 by 10 inches. Staniford and Dewes gave out copies free of charge. The paper had news stories and 43 advertisements. Staniford, the editor and Dewes, the printer, were credited with producing a paper with fine typographical look and editorial nature. The competition

154-680: A private and sergeant , he went through Officer Candidate School and was commissioned as a second lieutenant . He served as an aide-de-camp to Brigadier General Marcellus L. Stockton Jr., then attended the military government school to study civil affairs . He was sent to Europe in 1944 and landed in France a month after D-Day . Knowland served in France initially with the Forward Echelon Communications Zone headquarters in France and Belgium, and later with

231-509: A direct wire link for international news from London, England. The mast head logo, which became an icon of the paper, showed Oakland, a port to the world and nation. The logo changed with the times: the Tower, transport ship and steam locomotive; in later years, the Tower, the Bay Bridge , larger transport ship, diesel engine, the china clipper and later, a jet airplane. On September 1, 1950,

308-545: A half interest to A.B. Gibson. The Tribune moved, January 30, 1875, to 911 Broadway and Gibson sold his half interest to the paper to A. E. Nightingill. In 1876, Dewes and Nightingill, found a buyer for the Tribune . The Tribune became a major paper under William E. Dargie (1854–1911), who acquired the paper July 24, 1876. The Tribune Publishing Company , was created with William Edward Dargie as Manager and (Albion Keith Paris) A. K. P. Harmon, Jr., Secretary. The Tribune

385-630: A means of communication between the diverse members of its community. Communication is essential." Bill Knowland's personal life would soon affect the Oakland Tribune . Two days after the Tribune celebrated its 100th anniversary on February 21, 1974, William F. Knowland committed suicide. On the death of their father, Joseph William Knowland (1930-2019), became the Tribune ' s editor and publisher; Emelyn K. Jewett (1929–1988) became president of The Tribune Publishing Corporation . The California Press Association honored Joseph W. Knowland, as

462-561: A month after his birth. His father's second wife, Emelyn S. West, raised Knowland as her own son. A young Knowland made campaign speeches for the 1920 Republican ticket of Warren G. Harding and Calvin Coolidge at the age of 12. He married at 19, became a California State Assemblyman at 25, entered the US Senate at 37, and became a grandfather at 41. Knowland, the president of the student body, graduated from Alameda High School in

539-444: A potential replacement running mate. However, seeing public opinion, Eisenhower retained Nixon on the 1952 Republican ticket. When Taft died on July 31, 1953, Knowland was chosen to succeed him as Senate Republican Leader (majority leader from 1953 to 1955, minority leader from 1955 to 1959). At age 45, he is the youngest senator to occupy the position of majority leader. The Republican majority during Knowland's stint as majority leader

616-593: A reporter for the San Francisco Bulletin . Dargie's salary from the Bulletin paid his university expenses. After his freshman year at the university, Dargie purchased controlling interest in the Oakland Tribune with a loan from A. K. P. (Albion Keith Paris) Harmon. On July 24, 1876, Dargie became the manager of the newspaper. He envisioned that Oakland and Alameda County would grow in

693-536: A special election for the last part of Johnson's term, Knowland defeated Democrat Will Rogers Jr. by 334,000 votes. The special election featured a blank ballot, whereby electors had to write in the name of their choice. He also defeated Rogers in the general election by nearly 261,000 votes, winning a full term in the Senate in his own right. Knowland became a caustic critic of the Harry S. Truman administration. He

770-454: A tie-breaking vote gave Republicans a working majority to organize the Senate. Knowland's Democratic counterpart was Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas. Knowland and Johnson shared a cordial and respectful political relationship, often working in tandem on policy and procedure, including co-authoring a resolution in 1957 in an unsuccessful attempt to limit the filibuster, the practice of allowing minority viewpoints to use everlasting debate to obstruct

847-619: A triumvirate of California Republican newspapers with conservative viewpoints, along with the Los Angeles Times and San Francisco Chronicle . The Tribune endorsed Republican candidates and "J.R." (as Knowland was widely known) often picked and controlled Republican elected officials. The Tribune would make many political careers, the most noted being Knowland's own son William F. Knowland and Earl Warren . In 1921, Knowland started radio station KLX and his newspaper library. The 305 feet tall Tribune Tower , an Oakland landmark,

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924-578: A very highly principled one, and as long as he and Eisenhower agreed on the legislation that Ike wanted, Bill would fight his head off for it." In 1954, for example, Knowland voted in support of Eisenhower's initiatives 91 percent of the time. For his strong support for Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalist government in China against Mao Zedong and the Communists , Knowland sometimes was called

1001-701: The 1932 Republican National Convention . From the gallery, he watched the California delegation which included his father, Earl Warren , Louis B. Mayer and Marshall Hale. The delegates renominated President Herbert Hoover and Vice President Charles Curtis . In November 1932, he was elected to the State Assembly, where he served for two years. In 1934 he won election to the California State Senate , where he served for four years. He did not seek re-election in 1938 but remained active in

1078-555: The 1954 election , he served as Minority Leader from January 1955 to January 1959. Knowland voted in favor of the Civil Rights Act of 1957 . He was defeated in his 1958 run for Governor of California . He succeeded his father, Joseph R. Knowland , as the editor-in-chief and publisher of the Oakland Tribune . Knowland was born in the City of Alameda , Alameda County, California . His father, Joseph R. Knowland ,

1155-575: The Arizona Senator across the country. Knowland was the titular head of the California Republican Party from 1959 to 1967, when he passed the party leadership to the new governor, Ronald Reagan . In the 1966 California gubernatorial campaign, Reagan ran on a law-and-order message, while Knowland and his old California Republican rival Richard Nixon worked tirelessly behind the scenes, enabling Reagan to win two thirds of

1232-656: The Black Panther movement). The Tribune ' s readership declined after the early 1960s as a large portion of the paper's traditional subscription base relocated to the newly developing suburbs south and east of Oakland. In southern Alameda County , the readership went to Floyd Sparks's The (Hayward) Daily Review and in Contra Costa County to Dean Lesher 's Contra Costa Times . In 1973, Bill Knowland wrote in Fortune magazine, "Any city needs

1309-619: The California State Senate for the 17th district. He represented Alameda County in the California State Senate from 1889 to 1891. During his political career, Dargie continued as publisher of the Oakland Tribune . On December 15, 1881, Dargie married Hermina Peralta at San Leandro , California in the home of the bride's father Miguel Peralta. The couple's daughter died at birth, their son, William Edward Dargie, Jr. died at age 20. Dargie died in Oakland, California from

1386-534: The Cold War , the policy regarding Vietnam, Formosa, China, Korea and NATO, as well as other foreign policy objectives. He opposed sending American forces to French Indochina and was a sharp critic of Communist China under Mao Zedong . Knowland represented the right wing of the party and considered some of President Dwight D. Eisenhower 's policies too liberal. After the Republicans lost their majority in

1463-590: The Contra Costa Times , Hayward Daily Review and Fremont Argus, The Alameda Journal under the new East Bay Times nameplate. The Oakland Tribune won the Pulitzer Prize for a photograph of a small private plane narrowly missing a B-29 Superfortress in 1950, and again for photographs of the aftermath of the October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake . The majority of this article is from

1540-654: The Fifteenth United States Army headquarters in Germany. During his military service, Knowland attained the rank of major and was assigned civil affairs and public affairs duties that were in line with his civilian education and experience and his military training. Knowland received the following military awards: Hiram Johnson , the senior U.S. senator from California, died on August 6, 1945. On August 14, 1945, Governor Earl Warren appointed Knowland to fill Johnson's seat. Warren first offered

1617-645: The Free Speech Movement at UC Berkeley , the Black Panthers , and "white flight" to the suburbs. He offered a $ 100,000 reward for the conviction of those responsible for the 1973 murder of Marcus Foster . The Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) claimed responsibility. The SLA subsequently kidnapped Patricia Hearst and Atlanta Constitution editor J. Reginald Murphy . Such acts made Knowland fearful for his own safety. The Tribune turned 100 years old on February 21, 1974. Knowland spoke on

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1694-485: The Oakland Coliseum . The Tribune Tower, a local and national landmark, remains, now housing several businesses and a ground-floor cafe. On August 2, 2007, Oakland Post editor and former (1993–2005) Tribune journalist Chauncey Bailey was murdered in a targeted hit on his way to work. This led the Tribune to start "The Chauncey Bailey Project", a series of articles focusing on the causes and aftermaths of

1771-413: The Oakland Tribune in 1966, after the death of his father. Knowland was typically called "Senator" by the staff after his return to the paper from Washington. He kept the editorial pages of the Tribune solidly Republican. However, he took steps to add a bipartisan bent to the news pages, including the appointment in 1969 of a political editor with Democratic Party leanings. His son, Joseph W. Knowland,

1848-640: The San Francisco Cow Palace . On appointing Knowland as delegate to the Eleventh General Assembly of the United Nations in 1956, Eisenhower wrote: "Knowland brings to his leadership post an absolute, unflinching integrity that rises above politics. In the councils of government, he inspires faith in his motives and gives weight to his words." Knowland had a long-running battle with Nixon, with whom he served in

1925-504: The Tribune became the sole Oakland daily newspaper, with the demise of its competitor, William Randolph Hearst 's Oakland Post Enquirer . In 1960, Joseph R. Knowland's son, former U.S. Senator William F. Knowland (1908–1974), was named editor; he had shared being assistant publisher with his brother, Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland, Jr. (1901–1961), since 1933. Russ Knowland's 1961 death made his brother Bill sole successor to their father. On February 1, 1966, Joseph R. Knowland died at

2002-536: The Tribune for $ 10 million from the Maynards. The final issue of the Tribune under the Maynards rolled off the Tribune Tower's presses on November 30, 1992; and the first issue under ANG's ownership was printed at the company's Hayward plant the following day. As a result, the Tribune was no longer considered the dominant East Bay newspaper. The group's entry into the computer age was first discussed at

2079-526: The Tribune had a conservative editorial position and a reputation for being strongly pro-business. As the city of Oakland became more ethnically and politically diverse in the 1960s and 1970s, the Tribune was unable to respond quickly enough to the demographic changes (and the political and social unrest exemplified, among other factors, by the University of California, Berkeley , student uprisings and

2156-535: The Tribune still was plagued by financial difficulties beyond Maynard's control. Facing a debt of $ 31.5 million and on the brink of folding in August 1991, the Tribune was saved by the Freedom Forum, Allen H. Neuharth's media foundation. The Freedom Forum paid Gannett $ 2.5 million, retired the Tribune ' s debt and gave Maynard $ 5 million in operating funds. But the rescue proved to be short-lived, and

2233-588: The general election by the Democratic candidate, California Attorney General Edmund G. Brown by a 60%-40% margin. After dominating California politics for over half a century, many other California Republicans were also defeated for statewide offices, including Knight. Following the election, Knowland's political career was effectively over. Among Joseph R. Knowland's protégés, Representative John J. Allen Jr. lost his House seat to Jeffery Cohelan . and Alameda County Supervisor Kent D. Pursel lost his race for

2310-540: The printer's trade at the San Francisco Bulletin , becoming a member of the International Typographical Union 's, San Francisco Local # 21. As a journeyman printer, Dargie learned all the operations and jobs in the composing room. He was transferred to the editorial department as a reporter for the Bulletin . In 1875, Dargie decided to better his education and entered the new University of California at Berkeley . He continued to work as

2387-444: The "Senator from Formosa " (now known as Taiwan). A keen opponent of China's accession to the United Nations , Knowland tangled with Indian statesman V. K. Krishna Menon over the issue, leading the latter to acidly recommend psychiatric treatment to the former. In later years, Knowland moderated his position, praising President Nixon's diplomatic overture to China in 1972. At the 1948 Republican National Convention , Knowland made

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2464-406: The 1983 International Typographical Union convention; newspaper internet websites came of age in the mid- and late-1990s. The ANG official website was InsideBayArea.com for the online Oakland Tribune ; the website was shared with other ANG/MediaNews newspapers. On May 20, 2007, the Tribune moved permanently from the Tribune Tower to new offices on Oakport Street, across Interstate 880 from

2541-498: The California Republican Party. He was also influential on the national scene, serving as the chairman of the executive committee of the Republican National Committee from 1940 to 1942. Knowland campaigned for Wendell L. Willkie , the unsuccessful Republican nominee for president in 1940 . In June 1942, Knowland was drafted into the U.S. Army for World War II service. After a few months service as

2618-571: The Class of 1925. He graduated with a political science degree in three and a half years from the University of California, Berkeley in 1929. He was a member of Zeta Psi fraternity and the Order of the Golden Bear . California Governor C. C. Young and University of California President William Wallace Campbell praised Knowland's political activities as a university student. Knowland attended

2695-470: The East Coast-based media conglomerate Gannett Company , and the Tribune was thus acquired by Gannett Company. That year, Allen H. Neuharth , Gannett CEO, used the Tribune as a pilot project with a new morning paper called East Bay Today , which served as an early prototype of Gannett's later national paper USA Today . In 1979, Gannett named Robert C. Maynard (1937–1993) editor, becoming

2772-657: The History of the Oakland Tribune. William E. Dargie William Edward Dargie (March 13, 1854 – February 10, 1911) was an American newspaper publisher and politician. Born in San Francisco, California , to John and Eliza G. Dargie. He graduated from Union Grammar School, one year he attended San Francisco High School. In 1867, Dargie, secured the position of bill clerk with the wholesale wood firm of Armes & Dallam. Dargie became an apprentice in

2849-472: The Oakland Tribune, November 14, 1915, he wrote, "It is perfectly understood that what the Tribune does, rather than what it promises, will determine the true measure of its worth; and with that understanding, the Tribune , under its new control, girds to its work." Knowland moved the Tribune to a new location at 13th and Franklin Streets on March 25, 1918. Under Knowland, the Tribune became one-third of

2926-801: The Senate from 1951 to 1953, for influence in California Republican Party affairs. Nonetheless, he gave Nixon the constitutional oath for Vice President of the United States on January 20, 1953, and again on January 21, 1957, on the East Portico of the U.S. Capitol. In 1968, as Nixon came across the Bay Bridge from San Francisco to Oakland , when an aide pointed out the Oakland Tribune Tower, Nixon replied, "Bastard." In 1958, Knowland decided to run for Governor of California instead of re-election to

3003-509: The Senate seat to Joseph R. Knowland, who declined Warren's offer: "I lost the Senate Seat in 1914, I have the responsibility of the Oakland Tribune , Bring my boy, Billy home." Still serving overseas, Knowland learned of his new job from an article in Stars and Stripes ; Knowland's wife Helen tried to telephone him with the news, but she couldn't get past the military censors , who said it

3080-459: The Senate. His father was shaken by the decision, as he cherished the Senate seat; voters had denied him California's other Senate seat in 1914 . Knowland secured the Republican nomination for governor after a brutal contest with incumbent Goodwin J. Knight . In the "Big Switch," Knight agreed to run for Knowland's U.S. Senate seat while Knowland ran for governor. Many felt Knowland would use

3157-568: The Senator's foreign policy views, particularly on Red China, as "simplistic." In his diaries, the publicly avuncular Eisenhower felt free to confide more critical assessments of his political acquaintances. "Knowland has no foreign policy, except to develop high blood pressure whenever he mentions 'Red China' ... In his case, there seems to be no final answer to the question, 'How stupid can you get?'" Fellow conservative Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater described Knowland as "a very determined man, and

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3234-605: The State Senate to John W. Holmdahl. To pay off some of Knowland's campaign debts, his father had to sell his Oakland Tribune radio station KLX to Crowell Collier Broadcasting. Knowland never again ran for any elective office. The 1964 Republican National Convention , again in San Francisco's Cow Palace, nominated Barry Goldwater for president. Knowland backed the Goldwater-Miller ticket and spoke for

3311-647: The Tribune Publishing Company. Bruno Albert Forsterer (1869–1957), was publisher and general manager. He was executor of Dargie's estate. Bruno and his son, Harold B. Forsterer, also served the Knowlands and the Tribune . After five terms in the United States House of Representatives , Joseph R. Knowland (1873–1966) purchased the Oakland Tribune from Dargie's widow, Hermina Peralta Dargie. In his first edition as publisher of

3388-466: The aftermath of the conflagration, San Francisco Mayor Eugene E. Schmitz , declared the Oakland Tribune the official San Francisco newspaper. The circulation grew as displaced San Franciscans moved to Oakland and Alameda County . The Tribune ' s editorial direction was then under Managing Editor John Conners. After 35 years as publisher, William E. Dargie died on February 10, 1911. Former Oakland Mayor Melvin C. Chapman served as acting president of

3465-400: The age of 92. William F. Knowland was appointed president and publisher. His son, Joseph William Knowland became vice-president and general manager. Bill Knowland added to the logo, A Responsible Metropolitan Newspaper . The Senator had assumed duties as the Tribune ' s publisher and editor. He became the president of The Tribune Publishing Corporation . Under Bill Knowland's ownership,

3542-522: The continuing financial pressures—combined with the disclosure in July 1992 that Robert Maynard had been diagnosed with terminal prostate cancer—forced the Maynards to put the Tribune up for sale. The Tribune Tower was severely damaged in the Loma Prieta earthquake of October 17, 1989, yet the paper continued to publish there until ANG moved it to a building located at Oakland's Jack London Square at

3619-603: The edge of San Francisco Bay. The Tower sat empty until 1995, when John Protopappas purchased it for $ 300,000. His company, Madison Park Financial Corporation, renovated the Tower in the late 1990s. The Tribune returned to the Tower after it reopened in 1999. On October 15, 1992, the Alameda Newspaper Group (Now the Bay Area News Group ), a division of MediaNews Group that published several competing suburban community newspapers, agreed to buy

3696-723: The effects of a nervous breakdown and stroke. The California State Senate adjourned in honor of William E. Dargie. State Senator John W. Stetson of Alameda County praised the work of William E. Dargie. His widow, Hermina would be involved in a long legal battle over the purchase of the Oakland Tribune with former U.S. Congressman Joseph R. Knowland . The Peralta-Dargie Family have two large burial plots one located at Saint Mary Cemetery , and another at Mountain View Cemetery , both in Oakland. William F. Knowland William Fife Knowland (June 26, 1908 – February 23, 1974)

3773-466: The first African-American editor in the paper's history. In 1983, Maynard—who by this time had become publisher and with Gannett's blessing—consolidated the Tribune and East Bay Today into a single morning newspaper under the Tribune name. In 1983, Maynard and his wife, Nancy Hicks Maynard , purchased the Tribune from Gannett for $ 17 million (financed by a loan from Gannett) in the first management-led leveraged buyout in U.S. newspaper history. It

3850-492: The future and that the Oakland Tribune would be the major newspaper to serve the new populace. Using his knowledge from the composing room and editorial department, Dargie made the Tribune a newspaper of credibility. He hired an excellent staff and purchased the latest presses and linotype machines. On February 27, 1883, President Chester A. Arthur appointed Dargie, a Republican , to the post of Postmaster of Oakland. When his term as postmaster ended in 1888, Dargie ran for

3927-494: The governorship to control the California Republican delegation in 1960 and to try to deny Nixon the presidential nomination but get it himself. A critical issue in the campaign was Proposition 18, an initiative to enact a right-to-work law in California. Knowland endorsed Proposition 18 in excessive language, but Proposition 18 was highly unpopular, and the endorsement hurt Knowland. He was soundly defeated in

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4004-569: The major San Francisco newspapers were on strike. When the San Francisco Chronicle and San Francisco Examiner returned, Tribune sales fell in home delivery and on-the-street sales. As editor and publisher, Knowland took an interest in local affairs along with the job and was less concerned with national and foreign policy. During his tenure as newspaper executive, Oakland and the East Bay Area were changing, with

4081-501: The murder. In 2011, BANG announced a plan to merge the Tribune with other sister East Bay newspapers, but on October 27, 2011, BANG announced that it would retain The Oakland Tribune masthead. On August 30, 2012, the Tribune moved its offices to 1970 Broadway in Oakland's Uptown district. The last daily edition of the Tribune was published on April 4, 2016, as it was combined with other BANG-owned East Bay papers

4158-461: The nominating speech for Warren as the vice presidential candidate, and he was seen on the podium with presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey . In the June 1952 primary election, Knowland " cross-filed ," running for both the Republican and Democratic nominations. He got 2.5 million votes to 750,000 for his Democratic opponent, Clinton D. McKinnon , and won both nominations. In the general election, he

4235-486: The occasion: "For 100 years this newspaper has participated in the growth of Alameda and Contra Costa counties.... Now as we look into the future it becomes ever more important that newspapers here and in other cities keep the public adequately informed." He went to all departments on that Thursday. At the banquet at Goodman's Hall, Governor Ronald Reagan praised the Tribune and the Knowland family. The Oakland Tribune

4312-403: The passage of legislation. "To completely block the legislative process of government is too much power for any responsible person to want, and far too much power for any irresponsible person to have," Knowland said of the filibuster. Knowland and Johnson crafted and passed, in the Senate, the watered down Civil Rights Act of 1957 . It was the first such law since Reconstruction . After the bill

4389-740: The presidential election. On August 28, 1891, the name Oakland Tribune was officially adopted. Prior names include Oakland Daily Tribune , the Oakland Evening Tribune and the Oakland Daily Evening Tribune . Dargie had news offices in New York and Chicago. Dargie also acquired a patent approved R. Hoe & Co. double cylinder press. The Tribune was a charter member of the Associated Press upon its founding in 1900. Among Dargie's hires, at

4466-457: The primary vote over George Christopher , the moderate Republican former mayor of San Francisco . The momentum from Reagan's successful primary win carried over to the general election, where he defeated incumbent Democratic Governor Pat Brown in a landslide. Russ, Knowland's brother, died on October 6, 1961. Knowland became the sole successor to his father and to control of the Oakland Tribune . Knowland became president, editor, and publisher of

4543-593: The turn of the century, was Jack Gunin, a one-eyed lensman, the first full-time photojournalist in the Western United States . In 1906, the Tribune added a Sunday edition. The newspapers of San Francisco were destroyed in the earthquake and fire of April 18, 1906 . The Tribune printed many "extras." Dargie lent the Tribune ' s presses for a joint edition of the San Francisco Call-Chronicle-Examiner . In

4620-399: The two were estranged by the end of that year. He and Herrick had three children: Emelyn K. Jewett, Joseph William Knowland , and Estelle Knowland. He had two stepchildren, Kay and Steve Sessinghaus, from his marriage to Dickson. On February 23, 1974, Knowland died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound, an apparent suicide, at his summer home near Guerneville , California. His personal life

4697-601: The winner of the 1975, Publisher of the Year award. This honor was bestowed on Joe Knowland for his progressive innovations in the operations and makeup of the newspaper. In 1977, the Knowland Family sold the Oakland Tribune to Combined Communications Corporation, owned by Arizona-based outdoor sign mogul Karl Eller . The Tribune Publishing Corporation , was dissolved by the Knowland Family. Eller had recently acquired The Cincinnati Enquirer . In 1979, CCC merged with

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4774-663: Was Assistant Publisher with the position of Assistant General Manager. In a cost-cutting move that ultimately hurt the Oakland Tribune , the Southern Alameda County and Contra Costa County editions were trimmed. That opened the areas to Floyd Sparks (1900–1988), the owner of the Hayward Daily Review , and Dean Lesher (1902–1993), owner since 1947 of the Contra Costa Times . In early 1968, Oakland Tribune circulation rose because

4851-472: Was a solid Republican newspaper under Dargie and (later) the Knowlands. Dargie was a news innovator in several ways: 1876, wire service dispatches; 1877, a book and job department added; 1878, when the Bell Telephone System arrived in Oakland, one of the first telephones was installed at the Tribune - Number 46; 1883, a Saturday edition was introduced; 1887, special editions; 1888, an extra for

4928-453: Was also historic for the Tribune becoming the first major metropolitan daily newspaper owned by an African-American . This was seen as especially notable as Oakland was developing a relatively large African-American community which, by the 1980s, was becoming increasingly influential in local business and politics. Maynard helped restore the paper's reputation, earning a Pulitzer Prize in 1990. But for all of its editorial kudos under Maynard,

5005-590: Was an American politician and newspaper publisher. A member of the Republican Party , he served as a United States Senator from California from 1945 to 1959. He was Senate Majority Leader from August 1953 to January 1955 after the death of Robert A. Taft , and would be the last Republican Senate Majority Leader until Howard Baker in 1981 . As one of the most powerful members of the Senate and with his strong interest in foreign policy, Knowland helped set national foreign policy priorities and funding for

5082-614: Was completed in 1923. The Tribune moved its business into the tower in 1924. The Tribune Publishing Corporation , was founded by Knowland on January 4, 1928. The publishing corporation held interests in KLX , part owner of a paper mill in Tacoma, Washington and subsidiary businesses, U-Bild, Tower Graphics and Tribune Features, Inc. In the mid-1930s, J.R. tied in with the Associated Press Wirephoto Service. He had

5159-400: Was in a shambles; heavy gambling took all his money and he died owing over $ 900,000 (equivalent to $ 5,560,000 in 2023) to banks and impatient mobsters. At the Main Mausoleum of the Mountain View Cemetery , in Oakland, California on Floor I, M8J, N2, TI, Knowland is with his first wife, Helen Knowland Whyte (1907–1981) and her mother, Estelle Davis Herrick (1881–1963). Also contained are

5236-440: Was later condemned by the Senate for "conduct contrary to Senate traditions" in his vehement investigation of alleged communist infiltration of the US government. Amid speculation that Eisenhower might not run for re-election, Knowland briefly floated his candidacy for president in 1956 , but he withdrew when Eisenhower decided to seek a second term. Knowland was Temporary Chairman of the 1956 Republican National Convention in

5313-414: Was not essential government business. Knowland was sworn in as a freshman Senator of the 79th Congress September 6, 1945, the day the Senate adjourned in memory of Hiram Johnson. He was assigned membership in the Commerce Committee, the Irrigation and Reclamation and Immigration Committee, and the Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program (the Truman Committee ). In 1946, in

5390-447: Was opposed only by an "Independent Progressive." He won with 88% of the vote and carried 57 of the 58 counties. The 1952 Republican National Convention met in Chicago. General of the Army Eisenhower and U.S. Senator Robert A. Taft of Ohio were the two main candidates. On July 8, 1952, Taft asked Knowland if he were interested in the vice presidency. Eisenhower won the nomination and selected as his running mate Richard M. Nixon , who

5467-469: Was passed, Knowland wept because of the bill's perceived weakness in protecting civil rights. Knowland called the Senate the "most exclusive club of 96" (there were 48 states at the time). He was slow to criticize its most infamous member, Wisconsin 's Republican junior Senator Joseph McCarthy . In 1953, McCarthy questioned the "integrity and good faith" of US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles , which led Knowland to denounce McCarthy publicly. McCarthy

5544-548: Was publicly critical of the actions in the loss of China to Communism and the Korean War . However, Knowland admired the former Senator from Missouri personally. A firm believer in legislative authority under the US Constitution, Senate leader Knowland sometimes also was at odds with President Dwight D. Eisenhower . Eisenhower wrote that Knowland "means to be helpful and loyal, but he is cumbersome" and described

5621-646: Was serving as California's junior U.S. senator. On September 23, 1952, Nixon gave the Checkers speech , a response to allegations that Nixon had maintained a secret fund of political donations from business leaders. (It was reported that Knowland said after the Checkers speech, "I had to have my picture taken with that dirty bastard, crying on my shoulder!") Eisenhower's aides contacted Knowland and persuaded him to fly from Hawaii to join Eisenhower and be available as

5698-424: Was serving his third term as a US Representative . He was the third child, with an older sister, Elinor (1895–1978), and a brother, Joseph Russell "Russ" Knowland Jr. (1901–1961). His grandfather Joseph Knowland (1833–1912) had made the family fortune in the lumber business. William F. Knowland was also a scion of The Oakland Tribune fortune. His mother, Elinor Fife Knowland, died on July 20, 1908, less than

5775-540: Was sold in 1977 by the Knowland family. After four ownership changes, it is now a daily newspaper of the Bay Area News Group (BANG), a subsidiary of MediaNews Group. William F. Knowland was married to Helen Davis Herrick, whom he had met in the sixth grade. They were married on New Year's Eve in 1926. They were divorced on March 15, 1972, citing irreconcilable differences, a quiet reference to his affairs. Knowland then married Ann Dickson on April 29, 1972, but

5852-463: Was tenuous. Taft's Senate seat was filled by a Democrat, which gave Democrats 48 seats compared to the Republicans' 47. One Senator, Wayne Morse of Oregon, who dropped his Republican affiliation to become an independent, pledged to vote with the Republicans on organizing the Senate in 1954 and brought the Republican tally to 48 seats. The constitutional provision for the Vice President to cast

5929-466: Was the Oakland News and Oakland Transcript . The first editorial stated, "There seems to be an open field for a journal like the Tribune in Oakland, and we accordingly proceed to occupy it, presenting the Tribune , which is intended to be a permanent daily paper, deriving its support solely from advertising patronage." Later that year, Staniford sold his half interest to Dewes; then, Dewes sold

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