60-525: (The) Lake House may refer to: Lake house (real estate), a house located on or near a lake; a cottage or summer house Places [ edit ] Lake House (Antarctica) , a lake in Victoria Land, Antarctica Entertainment [ edit ] The Lake House (film) , a 2006 film The Lake House (Patterson novel) , a 2003 novel by James Patterson The Lake House (Rhode novel) ,
120-577: A sauna . There are 474,277 cottages in Finland (2005), a country with 187,888 lakes and 179,584 islands, including rental holiday cottages owned by hospitality companies but excluding holiday villages and buildings on garden allotments. Reports have 4,172 new cottages built in 2005. Most cottages are situated in the municipalities of Kuusamo (6,196 cottages on 1 January 2006), Kuopio (5,194), Ekenäs (Tammisaari – 5,053), Mikkeli (4,649), and Mäntyharju (4,630). The formal Swedish term for cottages
180-454: A 1946 detective novel by John Rhode The Lake House , a 2015 novel by Kate Morton Lakehouse (2013 EP), album by Lebanese band Postcards (band) The Lakehouse (2006 song), song by Rachel Portman, from the 2006 film The Lake House , on the soundtrack album The Lake House: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack "The Lake House" ( Brooklyn Nine-Nine ) , an episode of the eighth season of Brooklyn Nine-Nine Lake House (DLC) ,
240-528: A cottage, particularly a summer cottage, to be a relatively small, possibly unfinished house. Various editions of the quintessentially American Webster's Dictionary define it as "a small house; any modest country or suburban dwelling," (fifth edition) with the eleventh edition describing even a vacation cottage as "a usu. small house for vacation use." In North America, most buildings known as cottages are used for weekend or summer getaways by city dwellers. Cottage owners often rent their properties to tourists as
300-416: A cottager was a farm labourer with land, and after an inclosure act the cottager was a farm labourer without land. In the law of England and Wales the definition of a cottage is "a small house or habitation without land". However, originally under an Elizabethan statute , the cottage had to be built with at least 4 acres (0.02 km ; 0.01 sq mi) of land. The Welsh Tŷ unnos or "house in
360-602: A downloadable content (DLC) for the 2023 video game Alan Wake 2 Facilities and structures [ edit ] The Lake House (Waterford, Maine) , a historic tavern Lake House , an Elizabethan country house in Wiltshire, England Lake House, a building in the Olds-Robb Recreation-Intramural Complex , Eastern Michigan University's recreation center Lake House, recreational park at Angelo State University , Texas Lakehouse ,
420-499: A fairly mundane matter of agricultural policy, but the duty also included service as a juror when the lord handed down sentences for criminal offenses, up to and including in cases of capital punishment. Concerning the king's feudal court, the prototype of parliament, such deliberation could include the question of declaring war. Depending on the period of time and the location of the court, baronial, or manorial estate, feudal customs and practices varied. See examples of feudalism . Under
480-544: A fireplace. Today, many cottages have been extended with "outdoor rooms" (semi-heated external rooms with glass walls and a thin roof) and large wood terraces. As a result of the friggebod reform in 1979, many cottage owners have built additional guesthouses on their lots. The formal Norwegian term for cottages is hytte or fritidsbolig (vacation house). In Norway, cabins are often built near leisure activities such as hunting, fishing, and outdoor life / outdoor sports, or in areas with particularly beautiful nature, such as in
540-616: A hotel at Loon Lake (Franklin County, New York) Moon's Lake House , a resort at Saratoga Springs, New York Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title The Lake House . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Lake_House&oldid=1231692210 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description
600-584: A larger property, is a particular type of cottage and is called a penty . The term cottage has also been used for a larger house that is practical rather than pretentious: see Chawton Cottage . Although the Oxford English Dictionary states that the term cottage is used in North America to represent "a summer residence (often on a large and sumptuous scale) at a watering-place or a health or pleasure resort," most Americans expect
660-598: A lot depending on location; a modern seaside house near Stockholm may cost 100 times as much as a simple cottage in the inner regions of northern Sweden. Until the end of World War II, only a small wealthy Swedish elite could afford vacation houses—often both a large seaside house and a hunting cabin up north. During the rapid urbanisation in the 1950s and 1960s, many families were able to retain their old farmhouses, village cottages, and fisherman cabins and convert them into vacation houses. In addition, economic growth made it possible even for low-income families to buy small lots in
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#1732801830742720-443: A night", was built by squatters on a plot of land defined by the throw of an axe from each corner of the property. In Welsh a cottage is known as bwthyn and its inhabitant preswlydd . In Scotland the equivalent to cottager would be the crofter and the term for the building and its land would be croft . Irish cottages, known as Irish : teachín , were historically the homes of farmworkers and labourers, but in recent years
780-701: A residential highrise in Denver, Colorado, USA; see List of tallest buildings in Denver Companies [ edit ] Lake House, now known as Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Limited , located in Sri Lanka Lakehouse plc, a British energy company, renamed Sureserve in October 2018. See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing lake house All pages with titles containing lakehouse Loon Lake House,
840-465: A rudimentary justice system. The contract, once entered, could not be broken lightly. It was often sworn on a relic like a saint's bone or on a copy of the Gospel, and the gravity of the commendation was accentuated by the clasping of the vassal's hands between the lord's as the oath was spoke. A ceremonial kiss often sealed the contract though the kiss was less significant than the ritual of homage and
900-1231: A smaller pre-modern period dwelling. In certain countries (e.g. Nordics , Baltics , and Russia) the term "cottage" has local synonyms: In Finnish mökki , in Estonian suvila , in Latvian vasarnīca , in Livonian sõvvõkuodā , in Swedish stuga , in Norwegian hytte (from the German word Hütte ), in Czech or Slovak chata or chalupa , in Russian дача ( dacha ). In places such as Canada, "cottage" carries no connotations of size (compare with vicarage or hermitage ). The word cottage ( Medieval Latin cotagium ) derives from Old English cot, cote "hut" and Old French cot "hut, cottage", from Old Norse kot "hut" and related to Middle Low German kotten (cottage, hut). Examples of this may be found in 15th century manor court rolls . The house of
960-524: A source of revenue. In Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands , most cottages are vacation rentals used for weekend or summer getaways. In Michigan, a cottage normally means a summer residence farther north near or on a lake. An example of a colonial era cottage in North America is a small fieldstone house called Boelson Cottage in Fairmount Park , Philadelphia —one of the oldest extant houses within
1020-399: A specialised form of residential let property, attracting various tax benefits to the owner. The holiday cottage exists in many cultures under different names. In Canadian English and American English , "cottage" is one term for such holiday homes, although they may also be called a "cabin", " chalet ", or even "camp". In Australia, the term "cabin" is common, cottage usually referring to
1080-493: A third of the stations built in the United States in those years, cottage-patterned facilities evoked a picturesque homeyness and were easier to gain approval for than the more stylized or attention-grabbing designs also commonly used at the dawn of the automobile era. In Australia, the term "cabin" or "shack" is commonly used for a small dwelling, the former more often for a place of residence or tourist accommodation and
1140-401: A vassal. This was done at a formal and symbolic ceremony called a commendation ceremony , composed of the two-part act of homage and oath of fealty . During homage, the lord and vassal entered a contract in which the vassal promised to fight for the lord at his command, whilst the lord agreed to protect the vassal from external forces, a valuable right in a society without police and with only
1200-702: A vis the Norman period, was that it was a more native form of ties between the king and his nobles. It drew heavily on longstanding Germanic practices, distinct in evolution from the Frankish models employed contemporaneously. By 1066, England was a steady patchwork of lands owned by thegns and ealdormen , though the Anglo-Saxon nobility would steadily lose their lands after the Norman Conquest. The Domesday Book often remarked on who owned lands prior to
1260-461: Is fritidshus (vacation house) or stuga , of which there are 680.000 in Sweden (2007). According to Statistics Sweden, about 50% of the Swedish population has access to a vacation house. In everyday talk, Swedes refer to their cottages as lantstället (the country house) or stugan (the cottage). Most vacation houses in Sweden are to be found along the coasts and around the major cities. Prices vary
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#17328018307421320-446: Is built on a trailer platform and can be relocated. Statistics Finland defines a cottage ( Finnish : mökki , Finland Swedish : stuga or villa ) as "a residential building that is used as a holiday or free-time dwelling and is permanently constructed or erected on its site". Finnish cottages are traditionally built of logs but other wood constructions have become common. They are usually situated close to water and almost all have
1380-424: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Cottage A cottage , during England's feudal period , was the holding by a cottager (known as a cotter or bordar ) of a small house with enough garden to feed a family and in return for the cottage, the cottager had to provide some form of service to the manorial lord . However, in time cottage just became
1440-512: Is legitimate to talk about the appearance of the term "Russian cottage" – a house, comparable in size to a British villa or even a mansion, and includes a corresponding piece of land. Much like in the rest of the world, cottages in South Africa housed agricultural workers and their friends and families. A number of cottages were also constructed for fishermen along the West and South Coasts of
1500-591: Is most notable in the Midwest and the Western United States, and Western Canada. In much of Northern Ontario , New England , and upstate New York , a summer house near a body of water is known as a camp. In the 1960s and 1970s, the A-Frame house became a popular cottage style in North America. In the 1920s and 30s many gas stations were built in the style of Old World cottages. Comprising about
1560-747: Is one of the most popular tourist draws in Ontario , Canada, parts of which have come to be known as cottage country . This term typically refers to the north and south shores of Georgian Bay, Ontario ; Muskoka, Ontario ; Haliburton, Ontario ; and the Kawartha Lakes, Ontario ; but has also been used to describe several other Canadian regions. The practice of renting cottages has become widespread in these regions, especially with rising property taxes for waterfront property. What Eastern Canadians refer to as "cottages" (seasonal-use dwellings), are generally referred to as "cabins" in most of North America. This
1620-882: The 8th century CE Kingdom of the Franks where a king gave out land for life ( benefice ) to reward loyal nobles and receive service in return. Following the end of Roman rule in Britain, feudalism emerged in the subsequent Anglo-Saxon period, though not in as comprehensive or uniform manner as in the later Norman era . Anglo-Saxon kings, within the Heptarchy period and united English kingdom post-King Athelstan , often granted supporters and nobles lands in exchange for military service. These were often thegns, who were warriors controlling lands and often fought with kings at their call-up and behest. Similarly, ealdormen ruled counties or groups of counties, and similarly were appointed by
1680-615: The Conquest , which often were native English lords or King Edward the Confessor himself. Feudalism took root in England with William of Normandy 's conquest in 1066. Over a century earlier, before the unification of England, the seven relatively small individual English kingdoms, known collectively as the Heptarchy , maintained an unsteady relationship of raids, ransoms, and truces with Vikings from Denmark and Normandy from around
1740-675: The House of Commons alongside what became the House of Lords . The final major event in the fall of English feudalism is considered to be the Black Death , which killed many of the peasants. The reduced supply of labour led to it commanding a higher price. This led to the Statute of Labourers 1351 , which prohibited the payment of wages above their pre-plague wages levels. This caused peasants to work more and be paid less for their work. This led to peasant uprisings demanding higher wages, such as
1800-474: The Kingdoms of England during the medieval period was a state of human society that organized political and military leadership and force around a stratified formal structure based on land tenure . As a military defence and socio-economic paradigm designed to direct the wealth of the land to the king while it levied military troops to his causes, feudal society was ordered around relationships derived from
1860-539: The Peasants' Revolt in 1381. The king, Richard II, met the peasants' delegation and promised that their demands would be met. Instead of keeping his word however, the king instead tortured the leaders of peasant rebellions. The peasants could no longer be forced to accept the servile conditions that they held under the Feudal system. Before a lord (or king) could grant land (a fief) to a tenant, he had to make that person
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1920-604: The Tenures Abolition Act 1660 . By then, a deeply embedded socio-economic class disparity had laid the foundation for the rise of capitalism to take the place of feudalism as the British Empire grew. Under the English feudal system, the person of the king (asserting his allodial right ) was the only absolute "owner" of land. All nobles, knights and other tenants, termed vassals , merely "held" land from
1980-433: The high medieval period , a time in which the wealthy prospered while the poor labored on the land with relatively little hope of economic autonomy or representative government. In the later medieval period , feudalism began to diminish in England with the eventual centralization of government that began around the first quarter of the fourteenth century, and it remained in decline until its eventual abolition in England with
2040-530: The Laws"). The coined word feudal derives from an ancient Gothic source faihu signifying simply "property" which in its most basic sense was "cattle" and is a cognate of the classical Latin word pecus , which means both "cattle", "money" and "power". European feudalism had its roots in the Roman manorial system - [ Colonus ] (in which workers were compensated with protection while living on large estates) and in
2100-419: The cheapest locally available materials and in the local style, thus in wheat-growing areas, it would be roofed in thatch, and in slate-rich locations, such as Cornwall, slates would be used for roofing. In stone-rich areas, its walls would be built of rubble stone, and in other areas, such as Devon, was commonly built from cob . In England from about the 18th century onwards, the development of industry led to
2160-560: The city (c.1678–84). In the jargon of English-speaking Quebec 's real-estate industry, a cottage is any two-storey house, as opposed to a bungalow . However, "cottages" in Eastern Canada are generally located next to lakes, rivers, or the ocean in forested areas. They are used as a place to spend holidays with friends and family; common activities include swimming, canoeing, waterskiing, fishing, hiking , and sailing . There are also many well-known summer colonies . Cottage living
2220-516: The civil war for years afterwards. The next important event was on 15 June 1215, when King John of England was forced to put his seal to the Magna Carta by pressure from his rebellious barons; this began the collapse of the King's power within the feudal system. In the mid 13th century, Simon de Montfort and several barons formed a crucial part of British politics with the creation of what became
2280-557: The cottage bore the Latin name: " domus ", while the barn of the cottage was termed " grangia ". The word originally referred to a humble rural detached dwelling of a cotter , a semi-independent resident of a manor who had certain residential rights from the lord of the manor , and who in the social hierarchy was a grade above the slave (mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086), who had no right of tenure and worked full-time to
2340-634: The country throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. Most cottages are single-story two to four-room structures, sometimes with an attic for storing supplies. Most cottages in the Western Cape area of South Africa have thatched roofs and stone or adobe walls which were traditionally whitewashed . A large number of the remaining cottages in the country are listed heritage sites. Current editions: Out of copyright (free download): Feudalism in England Feudalism as practiced in
2400-409: The countryside where they could erect simple houses. Former vacation houses near the large cities have gradually been converted into permanent homes as a result of urban sprawl . The traditional Swedish cottage is a simple paneled house made of wood and painted in red . They may contain 1–3 small bedrooms and also a small bathroom. In the combined kitchen and living room ( storstuga ) there is usually
2460-481: The development of weavers ' cottages and miners ' cottages. Friedrich Engels cites 'Cottages' as a poor quality dwelling in his 1845 work The Condition of the Working Class in England . Over the years various English acts of Parliament removed the right of the cottager to hold land. According to John Lawrence Hammond and Barbara Hammond in their book The Village Labourer , before an inclosure act
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2520-468: The general term for a small house. In modern usage, a cottage is usually a modest, often cosy dwelling , typically in a rural or semi-rural location and not necessarily in England. The cottage orné , often quite large and grand residences built by the nobility, dates back to a movement of "rustic" stylised cottages of the late 18th and early 19th century during the Romantic movement. In British English
2580-421: The holding of land. Such landholdings are termed fiefdoms , traders, fiefs , or fees . The word, "feudalism", was not a medieval term, but an invention of sixteenth century French and English lawyers to describe certain traditional obligations between members of the warrior aristocracy. Not until 1748 did it become a popular and widely used word, thanks to Montesquieu 's De L'Esprit des Lois ("The Spirit of
2640-515: The king to grant service accordingly when called upon. Various writs survive from Anglo-Saxon monarchs, where specific grants of land were given to nobility throughout England. Thegns often worked along with ealdormen and shire reeves to enforce law and order and collect taxes in given areas. This system was indigenous to the Anglo-Saxons, and greatly mimicked feudalism as practiced in Europe at
2700-406: The king, who was thus at the top of the "feudal pyramid". When feudal land grants were of indefinite or indeterminate duration, such grants were deemed freehold , while fixed term and non-hereditable grants were deemed non-freehold. However, even freehold fiefs were not unconditionally heritable—before inheriting, the heir had to pay a suitable feudal relief . Beneath the king in the feudal pyramid
2760-408: The latter for a simple recreational shelter, typically not continuously occupied. The term cottage usually refers to historic smaller residential buildings, commonly stone or brick, typically from Georgian or Victorian. More recently, cabins are often also referred to tiny houses , however, cabins are built at a permanent site on proper footings, while the term tiny house often implies that the dwelling
2820-425: The lord was the performance of military service. Using whatever equipment the vassal could obtain by virtue of the revenues from the fief, the vassal was responsible to answer calls to military service on behalf of the lord. The equipment required and the duration of the service was usually agreed upon between the parties in detail in advance. For example, a vassal such as a baron, with a wealthy fiefdom lived well off
2880-478: The mesne tenant, further mesne tenants could hold from each other in series, creating a thriving, if complicated, feudal pyramid. English feudalism first began to fall during the Anarchy , in which there were two factions: the supporters of Empress Matilda and of Stephen Of Blois . Matilda was the daughter of Henry I of England who had recently died in 1135, when his ship sunk due to weather conditions. Matilda
2940-537: The orders of the lord. In the Domesday Book, they were referred to as Coterelli . The cottage had a small amount of surrounding agricultural land, perhaps 2 or three acres, from which the resident gained his livelihood and sustenance. It was defined by its function of housing a cotter, rather than by its form, which varied, but it was certainly small and cheaply built and purely functional, with no non-essential architectural flourishes. It would have been built from
3000-423: The revenues of his lands and was able (and required) to provide a correspondingly impressive number of knights when called upon. Considering that each knight needed to attend his service with horses, armor, weapons, and even food and provisions to keep himself, his animals, and his attendants for the demanded period of time, a baron's service to the king could be costly in the extreme. This security of military help
3060-474: The seventh to tenth centuries. This fracture in the stability of the Heptarchy paved the way for the successful Norman Conquest , and England's new king, William I , initiated a system of land grants to his vassals, the powerful knights who fought alongside him, in order to have them maintain his new order throughout the kingdom. The feudal system of governance and economics thrived in England throughout
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#17328018307423120-434: The swearing of fealty. The word fealty derives from the Latin fidelitas and denotes the fidelity owed by a vassal to his feudal lord. Fealty also refers to an oath that more explicitly reinforces the commitments of the vassal made during homage. Once the commendation was complete, the lord and vassal were now in a feudal relationship with agreed-upon mutual obligations to one another. The vassal's principal obligation to
3180-438: The term has assumed a romantic connotation especially when referring to cottages with thatched roofs ( Irish : teach ceann tuí ). These thatched cottages were once to be seen all over Ireland, but most have become dilapidated due to newer and modern developments. However, there has been a recent revival of restoring these old cottages, with people wanting a more traditional home. Today, thatched cottages are now mostly built for
3240-431: The term now denotes a small, cosy dwelling of traditional build, although it can also be applied to modern construction designed to resemble traditional houses (" mock cottages"). Cottages may be detached houses, or terraced , such as those built to house workers in mining villages. The tied accommodation provided to farm workers was usually a cottage, see cottage garden . In England the term holiday cottage now denotes
3300-637: The time. Armies used in various conflicts were drawn from such arrangements. The invasion of Scotland by King Athelstan in the 930s drew from thegns whom he had established. The English army at the Battle of Hastings also was similar, and as the English lost to the Normans, much of the standing native English nobility had been wiped out following the loss. A primary difference between this form of feudalism, as practiced in Anglo-Saxon England vis
3360-834: The tourist industry and many can be let out as accommodation. In popular modern culture, the term cottage is used in a more general and romantic context and can date from any era but the term is usually applied to pre-modern dwellings. Older, pre-Victorian cottages tend to have restricted height, and often have construction timber exposed, sometimes intruding into the living space. Modern renovations of such dwellings often seek to re-expose timber purlins, rafters, posts, etc. which have been covered, in an attempt to establish perceived historical authenticity. Older cottages are typically modest, often semi-detached or terraced, with only four basic rooms ("two up, two down"), although subsequent modifications can create more spacious accommodation. A labourer's or fisherman's one-roomed house, often attached to
3420-528: The woods, in the mountains, or by the sea. In the most attractive areas, it has become increasingly common with regulated fields where the cabins are very close together, in so-called "cabin villages". Chained cabins and holiday apartments are also being built here, similar to a normal city. The first known "cottages" were built in Russia in the 19th century, when British culture was popular. Today many large cities in Russia are surrounded by cottage villages. So it
3480-411: Was Henry's only heir, so she was first in line to the English throne. However, many of the barons who had promised to allow Matilda to rule broke their promise and supported Stephen (Henry's nephew) as king. This divide led to a civil war, which allowed many peasants to gain political power as there was no undisputed ruler. Eventually there was a compromise, although England still felt the repercussions of
3540-413: Was a tenant-in-chief (generally a baron or knight) who, as the king's vassal, held and drew profit from a piece of the king's land. At the next tier of feudalism, holding land from the vassal was a mesne tenant (generally a knight, sometimes a baron, including tenants-in-chief in their capacity as holders of other fiefs) who in turn held parcels of land when sub-enfeoffed by the tenant-in-chief. Below
3600-416: Was the primary reason the lord entered into the feudal relationship, but the vassal had another obligation to his lord, namely attendance at his court, whether manorial, baronial or at the king's court itself in the form of parliament . This involved the vassal providing "counsel", so that if the lord faced a major decision he would summon all his vassals and hold a council. On the manorial level this might be
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