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63-410: The Riddle may refer to: Music [ edit ] The Riddle , a 1959 jazz album by Dave Brubeck The Riddle (album) , a 1984 rock album by Nik Kershaw "The Riddle" (Nik Kershaw song) , also covered by many artists including Gigi D'Agostino, and Jack Holiday & Mike Candys "The Riddle" (Five for Fighting song) , 2006 "The Riddle",

126-629: A Red Cross show he had played at became a hit. Within the US Army, Brubeck formed one of the first racially diverse bands. In 1951, Brubeck formed the Dave Brubeck Quartet, which kept its name despite shifting personnel. The most successful—and prolific—lineup of the quartet was the one between 1958 and 1968. This lineup, in addition to Brubeck, featured saxophonist Paul Desmond , bassist Eugene Wright and drummer Joe Morello . A U.S. Department of State -sponsored tour in 1958 featuring

189-486: A concert pianist . She taught piano for extra money. Brubeck did not intend to become a musician, although his two older brothers, Henry and Howard , were already on that track. Brubeck did, however, take lessons from his mother. He could not read music during these early lessons, attributing the difficulty to poor eyesight, but "faked" his way through well enough that his deficiency went mostly unnoticed. Planning to work with his father on their ranch, Brubeck entered

252-710: A jazz standard , despite its unusual composition and its time signature: 4 time. Time Out was followed by several albums with a similar approach, including Time Further Out: Miro Reflections (1961), using more 4 , 4 , and 8 , plus the first attempt at 4 ; Countdown—Time in Outer Space (dedicated to John Glenn , 1962), featuring 4 and more 4 ; Time Changes (1963), with much 4 , 4 and 4 ; and Time In (1966). These albums (except Time In ) were also known for using contemporary paintings as cover art, featuring

315-473: A 1923 short story by Walter de la Mare Film [ edit ] Paheli (2005 film) or The Riddle , 2005 Indian ghost film The Riddle (film) , a 2007 film starring Derek Jacobi Locations [ edit ] The Riddle, Herefordshire , a settlement in England, United Kingdom Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

378-709: A 1988 episode of the CBS TV series This Is America, Charlie Brown . Brubeck founded the Brubeck Institute in 2000 with his wife, Iola, at their alma mater, the University of the Pacific . What began as a special archive, consisting of the personal document collection of the Brubecks, has since expanded to provide fellowships and educational opportunities in jazz for students. One of the main streets on which

441-481: A community that didn't, or couldn't, prepare them for it. Writes [ Harvard University sociologist Orlando] Patterson, "The greatest problem now facing African-Americans is their isolation from the tacit norms of the dominant culture, and this is true of all classes." Although widespread, the distinction between integration and desegregation is not universally accepted. For example, it is possible to find references to "court-ordered integration" from sources such as

504-496: A little girl I grew up on the sounds of Dave Brubeck because my dad was your biggest fan", said Rice. The State Department said in a statement that "as a pianist, composer, cultural emissary and educator, Dave Brubeck's life's work exemplifies the best of America's cultural diplomacy". At the ceremony, Brubeck played a brief recital for the audience at the State Department. "I want to thank all of you because this honor

567-665: A series of live albums . The first of these live albums, Jazz at Oberlin , was recorded in March 1953 in the Finney Chapel at Oberlin College . Brubeck's live performance was credited with legitimizing the field of jazz music at Oberlin, and the album is one of the earliest examples of cool jazz . Brubeck returned to College of the Pacific to record Jazz at the College of the Pacific in December of that year. Following

630-569: A song in the musical The Scarlet Pimpernel (musical) " The Riddle Song ", English lullaby also known as "I Gave My Love a Cherry" " Tell Me Why (The Riddle) ", a 2000 song by Paul van Dyk in collaboration with Saint Etienne "The Riddle", a song by Steve Vai on his 1990 album Passion and Warfare Literature [ edit ] The Riddle (novel) , a 2004 fantasy book of the Pellinor series by Alison Croggon The Riddle (fairy tale) , one of Grimm's Fairy Tales "The Riddle",

693-478: Is a compilation of the quartet's visits to three colleges: Oberlin College, University of Michigan , and University of Cincinnati , and features seven songs, two of which were written by Brubeck and Desmond. "Balcony Rock", the opening song on the album, was noted for its timing and uneven tonalities, themes that would be explored by Brubeck later. Brubeck was featured on the cover of Time in November 1954,

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756-663: Is a multi-instrumentalist and composer, and Matthew , the youngest, is a cellist , with an extensive list of composing and performance credits. Another son, Michael, died in 2009. Brubeck's children often joined him in concerts and in the recording studio. Brubeck became a Catholic in 1980, shortly after completing the Mass To Hope , which had been commissioned by Ed Murray, editor of the national Catholic weekly Our Sunday Visitor . Although he had spiritual interests before that time, he said, "I didn't convert to Catholicism, because I wasn't anything to convert from. I just joined

819-548: Is a twelve-tone row in The Light in the Wilderness , Dave Brubeck's first oratorio. In it, Jesus's Twelve Disciples are introduced, each singing their own individual notes; it is described as "quite dramatic, especially when Judas starts singing 'Repent' on a high and straining dissonant note". Jack Sheedy owned San Francisco-based Coronet Records, which had previously recorded area Dixieland bands. (This Coronet Records

882-472: Is distinct from the late 1950s New York-based budget label, and also from Australia-based Coronet Records .) In 1949, Sheedy was convinced to make the first recording of Brubeck's octet and later his trio. But Sheedy was unable to pay his bills and in 1949 gave up his masters to his record stamping company, the Circle Record Company, owned by Max and Sol Weiss. The Weiss brothers soon changed

945-650: Is something that I never expected. Now I am going to play a cold piano with cold hands", Brubeck stated. California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008, that Brubeck would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame , located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts . The induction ceremony occurred December 10, and he was inducted alongside eleven other famous Californians. On October 18, 2008, Brubeck received an honorary Doctor of Music degree from

1008-547: The Detroit News , PBS , or even Encarta . These same sources also use the phrase "court-ordered desegregation", apparently with exactly the same meaning; the Detroit News uses both expressions interchangeably in the same article. When the two terms are confused, it is almost always to use integration in the narrower, more legalistic sense of desegregation ; one rarely, if ever, sees desegregation used in

1071-572: The Civil Rights Movement on the ( San Francisco ) Peninsula in the '60s ... and ... an African American," wrote that the "term 'desegregation' is normally reserved to the legal/legislative domain, and it was the legalization of discrimination in public institutions based on race that many fought against in the 1960s. The term 'integration,' on the other hand, pertains to a social domain; it does and should refer to individuals of different background who opt to interact." In their book By

1134-573: The Third Army under George S. Patton . He volunteered to play piano at a Red Cross show; the show was a resounding success, and Brubeck was spared from combat service. He created one of the U.S. armed forces' first racially integrated bands, "The Wolfpack". It was in the military, in 1944, that Brubeck met Paul Desmond . After serving nearly four years in the army, he returned to California for graduate study at Mills College in Oakland. He

1197-769: The main-belt asteroid 5079 Brubeck was named after Brubeck. Brubeck recorded five of the seven tracks of his album Jazz Goes to College in Ann Arbor, Michigan . He returned to Michigan many times, including a performance at Hill Auditorium where he received a Distinguished Artist Award from the University of Michigan's Musical Society in 2006. Brubeck was presented with a "Benjamin Franklin Award for Public Diplomacy" by United States Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in 2008 for offering an American "vision of hope, opportunity and freedom" through his music. "As

1260-494: The "jazz hero of the rock and roll generation". The Economist wrote: "Above all they found it hard to believe that the most successful jazz in America was being played by a family man, a laid-back Californian, modest, gentle and open, who would happily have been a rancher all his days—except that he couldn't live without performing, because the rhythm of jazz, under all his extrapolation and exploration, was, he had discovered,

1323-662: The Catholic Church." In 1996, he received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2006, Brubeck was awarded the University of Notre Dame 's Laetare Medal , the oldest and most prestigious honor given to American Catholics, during the university's commencement. He performed "Travellin' Blues" for the graduating class of 2006. Brubeck died of heart failure on December 5, 2012, in Norwalk, Connecticut , one day before his 92nd birthday. He

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1386-457: The Color of Our Skin (1999) Leonard Steinhorn and Barbara Diggs-Brown also make a similar distinction between desegregation and integration . They write "... television has ... give[n] white Americans the sensation of having meaningful, repeated contact with blacks without actually having it. We call this phenomenon virtual integration, and it is the primary reason why the integration illusion –

1449-579: The Department of State. They spent two weeks in Poland, giving thirteen concerts and visiting with Polish musicians and citizens as part of the People-to-People program. Wright became a permanent member in 1959, finishing the "classic era" of the quartet's personnel. During this time, Brubeck was strongly supportive of Wright's inclusion in the band, and reportedly canceled several concerts when

1512-526: The National Mall. Racial integration Morris J. MacGregor Jr. in his paper "Integration of the Armed Forces 1940–1969", writes concerning the words integration and desegregation : In recent years many historians have come to distinguish between these like-sounding words... The movement toward desegregation, breaking down the nation's Jim Crow system, became increasingly popular in

1575-531: The band inspired several of Brubeck's subsequent albums, most notably the 1959 album Time Out . Despite its esoteric theme and contrarian time signatures, Time Out became Brubeck's highest-selling album, and the first jazz album to sell over one million copies. The lead single from the album, " Take Five ", a tune written by Desmond in 4 time, similarly became the highest-selling jazz single of all time. The quartet followed up Time Out with four other albums in non-standard time signatures, and some of

1638-420: The belief that we are moving toward a colorblind nation – has such a powerful influence on race relations in America today." Reviewing this book in the libertarian magazine Reason , Michael W. Lynch sums up some of their conclusions as "Blacks and whites live, learn, work, pray, play, and entertain separately..." Then, he writes: The problem, as I see it, is that access to the public spheres, specifically

1701-437: The club owners or hall managers objected to presenting an integrated band. He also canceled a television appearance when he found out that the producers intended to keep Wright off-camera. In 1959, the Dave Brubeck Quartet recorded Time Out . The album, which featured pieces entirely written by members of the quartet, notably uses unusual time signatures in the field of music—and especially jazz—a crux which Columbia Records

1764-416: The coining of the term. John Fordham of The Guardian commented: "Brubeck's real achievement was to blend European compositional ideas, very demanding rhythmic structures, jazz song-forms and improvisation in expressive and accessible ways." Brubeck was the recipient of several music awards and honors throughout his lifetime. In 1996, Brubeck received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award . In 2008, Brubeck

1827-524: The commercial sphere, often depends on being comfortable with the norms of white society. If a significant number of black children aren't comfortable with them, it isn't by choice: It's because they were isolated from those norms. It's one thing for members of the black elite and upper middle class to choose to retire to predominantly black neighborhoods after a lucrative day's work in white America. It's quite another for people to be unable to enter that commercial sphere because they spent their formative years in

1890-460: The couple were married for 70 years, until his death in 2012. Iola died at age 90 on March 12, 2014, from cancer in Wilton, Connecticut . Brubeck had six children with Iola, including a daughter Catherine. Four of their sons became professional musicians. The eldest, Darius , named after Brubeck's mentor Darius Milhaud, is a pianist, producer, educator and performer. Dan is a percussionist, Chris

1953-565: The cover before it did so for Duke Ellington, saying, "It just bothered me." The New York Times noted he had continued to play well into his old age, performing in 2011 and in 2010 only a month after getting a pacemaker , with Times music writer Nate Chinen commenting that Brubeck had replaced "the old hammer-and-anvil attack with something almost airy" and that his playing at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City

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2016-475: The cover art of S. Neil Fujita , Time Out was released in December 1959, to negative critical reception. Nonetheless, on the strength of these unusual time signatures, the album quickly went Gold (and was eventually certified Double Platinum), and peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 . It was the first jazz album to sell more than a million copies. The single " Take Five " off the album quickly became

2079-516: The cover before Duke Ellington . Brubeck had paternal Swiss ancestry (the family surname was originally Brodbeck ), and his maternal grandparents were English and German. He was born on December 6, 1920, in Concord, California , and grew up in the rural town of Ione, California . His father, Peter Howard "Pete" Brubeck, was a cattle rancher . His mother, Elizabeth (née Ivey), had studied piano in England under Myra Hess and intended to become

2142-416: The decade after World War II . Integration, on the other hand, Professor Oscar Handlin maintains, implies several things not yet necessarily accepted in all areas of American society. In one sense it refers to the "levelling of all barriers to association other than those based on ability, taste, and personal preference"; in other words, providing equal opportunity. But in another sense integration calls for

2205-500: The group included Ron Crotty, Bates, and Bates's brother Norman ; Lloyd Davis and Dodge held the drum chair. In 1956, Brubeck hired drummer Joe Morello , who had been working with pianist Marian McPartland ; Morello's presence made possible the rhythmic experiments that were to come. In 1958, African-American bassist Eugene Wright joined for the group's Department of State tour of Europe and Asia. The group visited Poland, Turkey, India, Ceylon , Pakistan, Iran and Iraq on behalf of

2268-455: The group), Jazz Impressions of Eurasia (1958), Jazz Impressions of Japan (1964), and Jazz Impressions of New York (1964) are less well-known albums, but they produced Brubeck standards such as "Summer Song", "Brandenburg Gate", "Koto Song", and "Theme from Mr. Broadway". (Brubeck wrote, and the Quartet performed, the theme song for this Craig Stevens CBS drama series; the music from

2331-542: The height of its popularity, combining them with the unorthodox time signatures seen in Time Out . Like many of his contemporaries, Brubeck played into the style of the French composer Darius Milhaud , especially his earlier works, including "Serenade Suite" and "Playland-At-The-Beach". Brubeck's fusion of classical music and jazz would come to be known as " third stream ", although Brubeck's use of third stream would predate

2394-493: The liberal arts college College of the Pacific in Stockton, California , in 1938 to study veterinary science . He switched his major to music at the urging of the head of zoology at the time, Dr. Arnold, who told him, "Brubeck, your mind's not here. It's across the lawn in the conservatory . Please go there. Stop wasting my time and yours." Later, Brubeck was nearly expelled when one of his music professors discovered that he

2457-446: The name of their business to Fantasy Records . The first Brubeck records sold well, and he made new records for Fantasy. Soon the company was shipping 40,000 to 50,000 copies of Brubeck records each quarter, making a good profit. In 1951, Brubeck organized the Dave Brubeck Quartet, with Paul Desmond on alto saxophone. The two took up residency at San Francisco's Black Hawk nightclub and had success touring college campuses, recording

2520-454: The other songs from this series became hits as well, including " Blue Rondo à la Turk " (in 8 ) and " Unsquare Dance " (in 4 ). Brubeck continued releasing music until his death in 2012. Brubeck's style ranged from refined to bombastic, reflecting both his mother's classical training and his own improvisational skills. He expressed elements of atonality and fugue. Brubeck, with Desmond, used elements of West Coast jazz near

2583-751: The prestigious Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York . Similarly, at the Monterey Jazz Festival in September 2009, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree ( D.Mus. honoris causa ) from Berklee College of Music . On May 16, 2010, Brubeck was awarded an honorary Doctor of Music degree (honoris causa) from the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. The ceremony took place on

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2646-544: The program director of WJZZ-FM (now WEZN-FM ) while recording for the quartet. He achieved his vision of an all-jazz format radio station along with his friend and neighbor John E. Metts, one of the first African Americans in senior radio management. The final studio album for Columbia by the Desmond/Wright/Morello quartet was Anything Goes (1966), featuring the songs of Cole Porter . A few concert recordings followed, and The Last Time We Saw Paris (1967)

2709-495: The random distribution of a minority throughout society. Here, according to Handlin, the emphasis is on racial balance in areas of occupation, education, residency, and the like. From the beginning the military establishment rightly understood that the breakup of the all-black unit would in a closed society necessarily mean more than mere desegregation. It constantly used the terms integration and equal treatment and opportunity to describe its racial goals. Rarely, if ever, does one find

2772-651: The release of Jazz at the College of the Pacific , Brubeck signed with Fantasy Records, believing that he had a stake in the company. He worked as an artists and repertoire promoter for the label, encouraging the Weiss brothers to sign other contemporary jazz performers, including Gerry Mulligan , Chet Baker and Red Norvo . Upon discovering that the deal was for a half interest in his own recordings, Brubeck quit to sign with another label, Columbia Records . In June 1954, Brubeck released Jazz Goes to College , with double bassist Bob Bates and drummer Joe Dodge . The album

2835-517: The rhythm of his heart." While on tour performing " Hot House " in Toronto, Chick Corea and Gary Burton completed a tribute to Brubeck on the day of his death. Corea played " Strange Meadow Lark ", from Brubeck's album Time Out . In the United States, May 4 is informally observed as "Dave Brubeck Day". In the format most commonly used in the U.S., May 4 is written "5/4", recalling

2898-635: The school resides is named in his honor, Dave Brubeck Way. In 2008, Brubeck became a supporter of the Jazz Foundation of America in its mission to save the homes and the lives of elderly jazz and blues musicians, including those who had survived Hurricane Katrina . Brubeck supported the Jazz Foundation by performing in its annual benefit concert "A Great Night in Harlem". Dave Brubeck married jazz lyricist Iola Whitlock in September 1942;

2961-483: The second jazz musician to be featured, following Louis Armstrong in February 1949. Brubeck personally found this acclaim embarrassing, since he considered Duke Ellington more deserving and was convinced that he had been favored as a white man. In one encounter with Ellington, he knocked on the door of Brubeck's hotel room to show him the cover; Brubeck's response was, "It should have been you." Early bassists for

3024-640: The series became material for the New York album.) In 1961, Brubeck appeared in a few scenes of the British jazz/beat film All Night Long , which starred Patrick McGoohan and Richard Attenborough . Brubeck plays himself, with the film featuring close-ups of his piano fingerings. Brubeck performs "It's a Raggy Waltz" from the Time Further Out album and duets briefly with bassist Charles Mingus in "Non-Sectarian Blues". Brubeck also served as

3087-421: The time signature of "Take Five", Brubeck's best-known recording. In September 2019, musicologist Stephen A. Crist's book, Dave Brubeck's Time Out , provided the first scholarly book length analysis of the seminal album. In addition to his musical analyses of each of the album's original compositions, Crist provides insight into Brubeck's career during a time he was rising to the top of the jazz charts. In 1975,

3150-544: The title The Riddle . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Riddle&oldid=1251007162 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Dave Brubeck David Warren Brubeck ( / ˈ b r uː b ɛ k / ; December 6, 1920 – December 5, 2012)

3213-477: The word desegregation in military files that include much correspondence. Similarly, Keith M. Woods writes on the need for precision in journalistic language: " Integration happens when a monolith is changed, like when a black family moves into an all-white neighborhood. Integration happens even without a mandate from the law. Desegregation ," on the other hand, "was the legal remedy to segregation." In 1997, Henry Organ, who identified himself as "a participant in

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3276-524: The work of Joan Miró on Time Further Out , Franz Kline on Time in Outer Space , and Sam Francis on Time Changes . On a handful of albums in the early 1960s, clarinetist Bill Smith replaced Desmond. These albums were devoted to Smith's compositions and thus had a somewhat different aesthetic than other Brubeck Quartet albums. Nonetheless, according to critic Ken Dryden, "[Smith] proves himself very much in Desmond's league with his witty solos". Smith

3339-426: Was "the picture of judicious clarity". In The Daily Telegraph , music journalist Ivan Hewett wrote: "Brubeck didn't have the réclame of some jazz musicians who lead tragic lives. He didn't do drugs or drink. What he had was endless curiosity combined with stubbornness", adding: "His work list is astonishing, including oratorios, musicals and concertos, as well as hundreds of jazz compositions. This quiet man of jazz

3402-489: Was a student of composer Darius Milhaud , who encouraged him to study fugue and orchestration , but not classical piano. While on active duty, he had received two lessons from Arnold Schoenberg at UCLA in an attempt to connect with high modernist theory and practice. However, the encounter did not end on good terms since Schoenberg believed that every note should be accounted for, an approach which Brubeck could not accept. But, according to his son Chris Brubeck, there

3465-407: Was an American jazz pianist and composer. Often regarded as a foremost exponent of cool jazz , Brubeck's work is characterized by unusual time signatures and superimposing contrasting rhythms, meters , tonalities , and combining different styles and genres, like classic, jazz, and blues. Born in Concord, California , Brubeck was drafted into the US Army, but was spared from combat service when

3528-447: Was an old friend of Brubeck's; they would record together, intermittently, from the 1940s until the final years of Brubeck's career. In 1961, Brubeck and his wife, Iola, developed a jazz musical, The Real Ambassadors , based in part on experiences they and their colleagues had during foreign tours on behalf of the Department of State. The soundtrack album, which featured Louis Armstrong, Lambert, Hendricks & Ross , and Carmen McRae

3591-524: Was enthusiastic about, but which they were nonetheless hesitant to release. The release of Time Out required the cooperation of Columbia Records president Goddard Lieberson , who underwrote and released Time Out , on the condition that the quartet record a conventional album of the American South , Gone with the Wind , to cover the risk of Time Out becoming a commercial failure . Featuring

3654-541: Was inducted into the California Hall of Fame , and a year later, he was given an honorary Doctor of Music degree from Berklee College of Music . Brubeck's 1959 album Time Out was added to the Library of Congress ' National Recording Registry in 2005. Noted as "one of Jazz's first pop stars" by the Los Angeles Times , Brubeck rejected his fame, and felt uncomfortable with Time magazine featuring him on

3717-581: Was on his way to a cardiology appointment, accompanied by his son Darius. A birthday party concert had been planned for him with family and famous guests. A memorial tribute was held in May 2013. Brubeck is interred at Umpawaug Cemetery in Redding, Connecticut . The Los Angeles Times noted that he "was one of Jazz's first pop stars", even though he was not always happy with his fame. He felt uncomfortable, for example, that Time magazine had featured him on

3780-490: Was recorded in 1961; the musical was performed at the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival . At its peak in the early 1960s, the Brubeck Quartet was releasing as many as four albums a year. Apart from the "College" and the "Time" series, Brubeck recorded four LP records featuring his compositions based on the group's travels, and the local music they encountered. Jazz Impressions of the U.S.A. (1956, Morello's debut with

3843-553: Was the "Classic" quartet's swan-song. Brubeck produced The Gates of Justice in 1968, a cantata mixing Biblical scripture with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. In 1971, the new senior management at Columbia Records decided not to renew Brubeck's contract, as they wished to focus on rock music. He moved to Atlantic Records. Brubeck's music was used in the 1985 film Ordeal by Innocence . He also composed for—and performed with his ensemble on—"The NASA Space Station",

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3906-459: Was truly a marvel." In The Guardian , John Fordham said "Brubeck's real achievement was to blend European compositional ideas, very demanding rhythmic structures, jazz song-forms and improvisation in expressive and accessible ways. His son Chris told The Guardian "when I hear Chorale, it reminds me of the very best Aaron Copland , something like Appalachian Spring . There's a sort of American honesty to it." Robert Christgau dubbed Brubeck

3969-549: Was unable to sight-read . Several others came forward to his defense, however, arguing that his ability to write counterpoint and harmony more than compensated, and demonstrated his skill with music notation. The college was still concerned, but agreed to allow Brubeck to graduate after he promised never to teach piano. After graduating in 1942, Brubeck was drafted into the United States Army , serving in Europe in

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