Three Mile Oak got its name because it was three miles from the Maryland State House . Prominent visitors were met at the tree, on the outskirts of Annapolis , and escorted into the city.
17-482: The Three Mile Oak was last a tree stump from the 18th century. Presumably a white oak , about six feet in diameter, and originally located three miles from Annapolis in Parole, Anne Arundel County . The tree was struck by lightning, became hollow, was killed by fire, and finally blew down on May 22, 1909. At the site where the tree stood, a delegation is reported to have met George Washington en route to Annapolis (then
34-800: A characteristic flange-like shape. The staminate flowers have up to six stamens . The stalk connecting the perianth to the ovary is cone-shaped and often has rings. The acorns mature in two years, rarely in one year. The 'cup' (cupule) of the acorn is fused with its stalk ( peduncule ) forming a connective piece. Both the connective piece and the cup are covered with small triangular scales, mostly thin and membranous with broadly angled tips. The leaves typically have teeth with bristle-like extensions, or just bristles in leaves without teeth. The section contains about 125 species native to Northern America (including Mexico ), Central America , and Colombia in South America. The red oaks of Mexico are one of
51-443: A cup covers at least the base of the nut. The outer structure of the mature pollen is one feature that distinguishes the two subgenera: in subgenus Quercus , the small folds or wrinkles (rugulae) are obscured by sporopollenin , whereas in subgenus Cerris , the rugulae are visible or at most weakly obscured. The two subgenera are also distinguished to some extent by their different distributions. Subgenus Quercus occurs mainly in
68-647: A section by Otto Karl Anton Schwarz in 1936 and Aimée Antoinette Camus in 1938. The staminate flowers have eight to ten stamens . The pollen ornamentation has only small wrinkles or folds (verrucae). The acorns mature after two years. The cup (cupule) at the base of the acorn has triangular scales that are fused at the base and have sharp angled tips. The scales are thick and compressed into rings, often forming small bumps, that may be obscured by glandular hairs. The leaf teeth end in spines. The section contains only five species, native to southwestern North America and northwestern Mexico. Quercus sect. Ponticae
85-421: A year. The cup at the base of the acorn has narrowly triangular scales, with thin keels, at most small bumps (tubercules), and sharp angled ends. The leaves are evergreen or almost so. A distinctive feature of the section is that the germinating seed has fused seed leaves ( cotyledons ) and an elongated stem above the cotyledons (the epicotyl ) that forms a tube, while the stem below the cotyledons (the hypocotyl )
102-766: Is tuberous . The section contains seven species, native to south-eastern Northern America, Mexico, the West Indies ( Cuba ), and Central America. Quercus sect. Quercus has been known, either in whole or part, by a variety of names in the past, including Quercus sect. Albae , Quercus sect. Macrocarpae and Quercus sect. Mesobalanus . Members of the section may be called white oaks. The section includes all white oaks from North America (treated by Trelease as subgenus Leucobalanus ). The staminate flowers have seven or more stamens . The acorns mature in one year. The seed leaves ( cotyledons ) are either free or fused together. The cup at
119-535: Is native to mountainous areas of north-eastern Turkey and western Georgia . Quercus sadleriana is native to northern-most California and southern-most Oregon in the United States. Quercus sect. Virentes was first established by John Claudius Loudon in 1838. It has also been treated as a series. Members of the section may be called live oaks. Species are trees or rhizomatous shrubs. They are evergreen or brevideciduous . The acorns mature in
136-770: The Americas, with some species native to Eurasia and North Africa , and may be called the New World clade or the high-latitude clade. Subgenus Cerris is primarily Eurasian, with a few species in North Africa, and may be called the Old World clade or the mid-latitude clade. The following cladogram summarizes the relationships that Denk et al. used to draw up their 2017 classification: sect. Lobatae sect. Protobalanus sect. Ponticae sect. Virentes sect. Quercus subg. Cerris Quercus sect. Lobatae
153-470: The Continental Armies, and it is thought that General Smallwood accompanied by General Gates and distinguished citizens of Annapolis met General Washington at this spot. General Lafayette passed here December 17, 1824 to visit the friends of revolutionary days. The plaque and tree trunk originally sat at the corner of West Street and Route 178 (Generals Highway). The concrete block that held
170-466: The New World clade or the high-latitude clade; most species are native to the Americas, the others being found in Eurasia and northernmost North Africa . Members of subgenus Quercus are distinguished from members of subgenus Cerris by few morphological features, their separation being largely determined by molecular phylogenetic evidence. All are trees or shrubs bearing acorn -like fruit in which
187-615: The U.S. capital) to resign his commission on December 19, 1783. Washington resigned as commander-in-chief on December 23. While on display outdoors for many years, the Three Mile Oak was exhibited with a plaque erected in 1967 by the Four Rivers Garden Club, Rotary of Annapolis, explaining its significance. The plaque states: Under this tree passed General George Washington December 19, 1783 on his way to Annapolis to resign his Commission as Commander-In-Chief of
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#1732780817449204-472: The base of the acorn has thickened triangular scales that are either free or fused at the base and have sharp angled tips. The scales have keels and are often covered with small bumps (tuberculate). The leaf teeth typically do not have either bristle-like or spiny tips. There are about 150 species, native to Northern America, Mexico, Central America, western Eurasia , East Asia, and North Africa. Perianth Too Many Requests If you report this error to
221-458: The corner of West Street and Defense Highway. A new oak tree was planted close to the relocated plaque. A new plaque was placed over the dismounted and moved original plaque. It reads: White oak Quercus subgenus Quercus is one of the two subgenera into which the genus Quercus was divided in a 2017 classification (the other being subgenus Cerris ). It contains about 190 species divided among five sections . It may be called
238-466: The groups of oaks that have most rapidly diversified into different species. Molecular evidence suggests that there are significant numbers of undescribed Quercus species in Mexico, so the number of known species in the section is likely to be an underestimate of the total diversity. Quercus sect. Protobalanus was first established as a subgenus by William Trelease in 1922 and then later treated as
255-673: The twisted stump of the tree is still located at that spot, just outside the parking lot of Toys R Us, diagonally from the Applebee's at the Annapolis Mall. The twisted rebars rising out of the concrete block protected the rotting trunk of the tree. The plaque was moved in 1967 down the road, approximately 500 feet, across from the Red Lobster and the former Famous Dave's Restaurants (now Uncle Julio's). Local citizens feared that it would be destroyed by traffic if left unprotected at
272-413: Was established by John Claudius Loudon in 1830. The section, or part of it, has also been treated under names including Quercus sect. Rubrae Loudon and Quercus sect. Erythrobalanus Spach . It has also been treated as the subgenus Erythrobalanus and as the full genus Erythrobalanus (Spach) O.Schwarz . Its members may be called red oaks. The perianth of the pistillate flowers has
289-624: Was first established by Boris Stefanoff in 1930. It has also been treated as a subsection and a series, including under the name Q. ser. Sadlerianae Trelease . Species are shrubs or small trees, with rhizomes . The staminate catkins are up to 10 cm long. The cup (cupule) at the base of the acorn has scales with sharp angled ends. The leaves are either evergreen or deciduous, with simple or compound teeth. The leaf buds are large, enclosed in loosely attached scales. There are only two species, Quercus pontica and Quercus sadleriana . They have disjoint distributions. Quercus pontica
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