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21-414: The protected areas extend over 15 core areas, totalling 939,441.4 ha, and buffer areas, totalling 758,977.8 ha across a region of 180 km by 310 km. Here, for a distance of over 300 km, three of Asia's great rivers run roughly parallel to one another though separated by high mountain ranges with peaks over 6,000 meters. After this area of near confluence , the rivers greatly diverge:

42-664: A placebo with regard to the treatment of anxiety and ADHD in children. Gentian has been shown to manage dyspepsia by eliciting cephalic responses that increase vascular resistance and reduce the workload of the heart during digestion. Gentiana punctata leaves and roots have been used in traditional Austrian medicine internally and externally as liqueur or tea for disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, skin, locomotor system, liver, and bile, and for pediatric problems, fever, flu, rheumatism, and gout. Gentiana purpurea , Gentiana punctata , and Gentiana pannonica are used to produce gentian schnapps , traditionally used as

63-514: A digestive aid. In Ayurvedic medicine the endangered Indian gentian Gentiana kurroo has been used as a medical herb, but has been replaced with the Himalayan plant Picrorhiza kurroa , or Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora from traditional Chinese medicine . The gentian flower was used as the emblem of the Minamoto clan , one of the four great clans that dominated Japanese politics during

84-584: Is an ingredient in the Italian liqueur Aperol . It is also used as the main flavor in the German after-dinner digestif called Underberg , and the main ingredient in Angostura bitters and Peychaud's Bitters . The principal bitter component of gentian root is gentiopicrin (also called gentiopicroside), a glycoside . A 2007 paper by a Japanese group identified 23 compounds in fresh gentian root. Gentiopicrin

105-524: Is used to produce gentian , a distilled beverage produced in the Alps and in the Auvergne . Some species are harvested for the manufacture of apéritifs , liqueurs , and tonics . Gentian root is a common beverage flavouring for bitters . The soft drink Moxie contains gentian root. The French apéritif Suze is made with gentian. Americano apéritifs contain gentian root for bitter flavoring. It

126-679: The Heian period and went on to establish the first Shogunate in the aftermath of the Genpei War . It is the official flower (called Enzian ) of the German-speaking community of Belgium . Gentians have oppositely arranged leaves, sometimes in a basal rosette. The trumpet-shaped flowers are usually deep blue or azure but can be white, cream, yellow, or red. Many species are polymorphic concerning flower color, bearing flowers of different colors. Blue-flowered species predominate in

147-955: The Nujiang River becomes Salween and empties out at Moulmein , Burma , into the Indian Ocean , the Lancang becomes the Mekong and south of Ho Chi Minh City , Vietnam , empties out into the South China Sea and the Yangtze flows into the East China Sea at Shanghai . Selected nature reserves and places of scenic beauty in this unique region were collectively awarded World Heritage Site status in 2003 for their very rich biodiversity and outstanding topographical diversity. Running parallel to these three rivers, slightly to

168-586: The Three Parallel Rivers region contains many climate types. Average annual precipitation ranges from 4,600 mm in the Dulongjian area in the west of Gongshan county to 300 mm in the upper valleys of the Yangtze river. The protected areas are home to around 6,000 species of plants, 173 species of mammals, and 417 species of birds. Many of the flora and fauna species are endemic to

189-562: The smooth-coated otter , hoolock gibbon , Asian black bear and red panda . Rare bird species in the areas include chestnut-throated partridge , the Lady Amherst's pheasant , white-eared pheasant , Yunnan nuthatch , and giant nuthatch ; the white-speckled laughingthrush , ferruginous duck , Severtzov's grouse , and brown-winged parrotbill ; the Ward's trogon , black-necked crane and Verreaux's monal-partridge . List of

210-587: The Americas. Some species also occur in northwestern Africa, eastern Australia, and New Zealand. They are annual, biennial, and perennial plants. Some are evergreen, others are not. Many gentians are difficult to grow outside their wild habitat, but several species are available in cultivation. Gentians are fully hardy and can grow in full sun or partial shade. They grow in well-drained, neutral-to-acid soils rich in humus . They are popular in rock gardens . Many beverages are made with gentian root. Gentiana lutea

231-554: The Ganges-Brahmaputra. They are all among the top 15 rivers in Asia by volume or length. In its description, UNESCO mentions: "(It) may be the most biologically diverse temperate region on earth" and "An exceptional range of topographical features - from gorges to karst to glaciated peaks -- is associated with the site being at a 'collision point' of tectonic plates ". Due to its topography and geographical location,

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252-608: The Northern Hemisphere, with red-flowered species dominant in the Andes , where bird pollination is probably more often favored by natural selection. White-flowered species are scattered throughout the range of the genus but dominate in New Zealand. Most flowers are pentamerous, with five lobes in the corolla and five sepals . A few species have four to seven flower parts. The corolla has folds called plicae between

273-543: The areas includes 173 species of mammals, of which 81 are endemic, and 417 species of birds, of which 22 are endemic. Some of the mammals which inhabit these regions are the endemic black snub-nosed monkey , the Indian leopard , snow leopard , and clouded leopard ; the Gaoligong pika , Gongshan muntjac , Chinese shrew mole , and capped langur ; the stump-tailed macaque , Asiatic wild dog , black musk deer , and takin ;

294-457: The lobes. The style is short or absent. The ovary is mostly sessile and has nectary glands. The following species are recognised in the genus Gentiana : Several gentian species may be found in cultivation, and are valued for the unusual intensity of their blue flowers. They have a reputation for being difficult to grow. All require similar conditions – moist, rich, free-draining soil with an acid to neutral pH. They include: In addition,

315-410: The longest Asian rivers This is a list of longest rivers of Asia . Included are all rivers with lengths over 1,000 km (620 mi) that are in Asia. [REDACTED] Media related to Rivers of Asia at Wikimedia Commons Gentian See text Gentiana ( / ˌ dʒ ɛ n tʃ i ˈ eɪ n ə / ) is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the gentian family ( Gentianaceae ),

336-903: The region. The Three Parallel Rivers has been acknowledged as a natural World Heritage Site. Demographically, the region contains many of the twenty-five ethnic groups found in Yunnan province (including the Derung , the smallest of all of China's minority groups). Other minorities found in this region include the Tibetan people , the Nu people , the Lisu , the Bai , the Pumi and the Naxi . Many of these minorities still use traditional costumes as their normal daily attire. In

357-642: The same region as the Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas lies the Old Town of Lijiang , which is also a World Heritage Site in its own right. The Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas consists of fifteen protected areas, in eight geographic clusters. The areas include: According to UNESCO "The area covered by the World Heritage site is claimed to be the most biodiverse and least disturbed temperate ecosystems in

378-462: The tribe Gentianeae, and the monophyletic subtribe Gentianinae. With over 300 species , it is considered a large genus. Gentians are notable for their mostly large trumpet-shaped flowers, which are often of an intense blue hue . The genus name is a tribute to Gentius , an Illyrian king who may have discovered tonic properties in gentians. This is a cosmopolitan genus , occurring in alpine habitats in temperate regions of Asia, Europe and

399-640: The west, is the river gorge of the N'Mai River , the main tributary to the Irrawaddy River . About 100 kilometers to the west and northwest is the watershed of the Lohit River , a tributary of the Brahmaputra River and the greater Ganges-Brahmaputra system . Thus, in this unique mountainous region, adjacent headwaters feed five of the most significant continental rivers; from east to west, they are: Yangtze, Mekong, Salween, Irrawaddy, and

420-425: The world". The protected terrestrial ecoregion areas of this biodiversity hotspot are for a large part covered with both temperate coniferous and broadleaf forests . The protected areas are home to around 6,000 species of plants, many of which are endemic to the region. More than 200 varieties of rhododendron and more than 100 species of gentians and primulas are found in the areas. The fauna found in

441-498: Was absent from the fresh root, so it possibly developed during drying and storage of the root. Gentian has had limited use in perfumery, most notably as a glycerine soap (Crabtree & Evelyn) and a perfume (Corday's Possession, 1937). Great yellow gentian ( Gentiana lutea ) is used in herbal medicine for digestive problems, fever, hypertension , muscle spasms , parasitic worms , wounds, cancer, sinusitis, and malaria , although studies have shown minimal efficacy beyond that of

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