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32-489: The mountain range acts as a natural divider, dividing Peninsular Malaysia , as well as southernmost Thailand, into east and west coast regions. It also serves as a drainage divide of some major rivers of Peninsular Malaysia such as the Pahang , Perak , Kelantan , Klang and Muar . The length of mountain range is about 480 km from north to south. The Titiwangsa Mountains are predominantly granitic . The mountain range

64-788: A collection of states in Peninsular Malaysia situated towards the western coast generally facing the Strait of Malacca which is a component of the Indian Ocean , as opposed to the East Coast. The West Coast is partitioned further into three regions: Although Johor has a coastline facing the South China Sea on the Pacific Ocean , it is not generally regarded as an East Coast state, since the main coastline of

96-460: A north–south direction. This mountain chain is also sometimes named Banthat Range (ทิวเขาบรรทัด), a name which is however also used to refer to the Chanthaburi mountain range . The main range of the peninsula begins along the east coast at about 10° 05′ north latitude on Ko Tao . It continues through Ko Pha Ngan and Ko Samui to the east coast mainland, east of Bandon Bay , and parallels

128-707: Is part of a suture zone that runs north–south, starting in Thailand at the Nan - Uttaradit suture zone (partly coincident with the Dien Bien Phu fault ), and extending south towards Peninsular Malaysia ( Bentong - Raub suture zone). The eastern half of the Titiwangsa Mountains in Peninsular Malaysia is an amalgamation of continental terranes known as Cimmeria or Indochina, whereas

160-540: The "Malaysian Peninsula" , is the western part of Malaysia that comprises the southern part of the Malay Peninsula on Mainland Southeast Asia and the nearby islands . Its area totals approximately 132,490 km (51,150 sq mi), which is nearly 40% of the total area of the country; the other 60% is in East Malaysia on the island of Borneo . It shares a land border with Thailand to

192-501: The Federation of Malaya during the formation of expanded federation. [REDACTED] Media related to Peninsular Malaysia at Wikimedia Commons Nakhon Si Thammarat Range The Nakhon Si Thammarat Range ( Thai : ทิวเขานครศรีธรรมราช , RTGS :  Thio Khao Nakhon Si Thammarat , [tʰīw kʰǎw ná(ʔ).kʰɔ̄ːn sǐː tʰām.mā.râːt] ) is a mountain range on the Malay Peninsula in southern Thailand , running in

224-399: The Malay Peninsula , which includes lands that are a part of Myanmar and Thailand . Peninsular Malaysia (States of Malaya) comprises the states of Johor , Kedah , Kelantan , Malacca , Negeri Sembilan , Pahang , Penang , Perak , Perlis , Selangor , and Terengganu , as well as the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya . Malaya comprises Peninsular Malaysia and

256-595: The Malaysia Agreement merged with the Crown Colony of North Borneo , the Crown Colony of Sarawak , and the self-governing State of Singapore to form the new Federation called Malaysia . The merger was initially proposed in order to reunify Singapore with its hinterland in the Federation as they were originally associated under British Malaya but later separated and were governed separately after

288-611: The Malaysian Islamic Party . The distinction between West and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) goes beyond the sphere of geography . Being separate regions administratively before the formation of the Malaysia, there exists more autonomy than the original States of Malaya, e.g. in having a different judicial court structure and separate immigration regulations. These rights were granted as part of Sarawak's 18-point agreement and Sabah's 20-point agreement with

320-580: The Nakhon Si Thammarat Range which includes the smaller Pattani, Taluban, and Songkhla sub-ranges. The Sankalakhiri marks the border between the Southern Thai provinces of Yala in west and Narathiwat in the east. Across the border into Malaysia, the main stretch of the range runs in a northwest–southeast orientation, straddling the borders between the west coast states of Perak and Selangor with Kelantan and Pahang on

352-515: The Republic of Singapore . Malay Peninsula comprises the southern tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia, and Southern Thailand . Ethnicity in Peninsular Malaysia (2020) The majority of people in Peninsular Malaysia are ethnic Malays , predominantly Muslims . Large Chinese and Indian populations exist. The Orang Asli are the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia; in 2022, they numbered around 209,575 and mostly lived in inland parts of

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384-481: The eastern side of the peninsula. From the tripoint of Pahang , Selangor and Negeri Sembilan near Mount Nuang , it then transverses through the middle of the state of Negeri Sembilan, also a west coast state, thus dividing the state into two regions – western Negeri Sembilan, which consists of Seremban , Port Dickson and Rembau Districts , and eastern Negeri Sembilan, composed of the districts of Jelebu , Kuala Pilah , Jempol and Tampin – and terminates in

416-707: The Bentong-Raub suture runs parallel to the Titiwangsa Mountains, a large network of fault lines crisscross the mountain range. The known major fault lines in the mountains are the Bukit Tinggi , Kuala Lumpur and Seremban fault lines, with the first two being the most active. Between 1984 and 2013, there were tremors ranging from 1.6 to 4.6 on the Richter scale with local epicentres in Kenyir Lake , Manjung , Temenggor , Bukit Tinggi and Kuala Pilah ,

448-590: The Federation of Malaya. In exchange, Singapore received an underproportioned representation in the House of Representatives of Parliament . Singapore within Malaysia was seen as having a special status (similar to Northern Ireland in the United Kingdom ) and was thus not grouped with the other non-autonomous states in the Peninsula. Although this arrangement was brief and Singapore was ultimately expelled from

480-660: The Federation two years later in 1965, becoming a fully sovereign country, the Interpretation Act 1965 of the Parliament of Singapore still defines Malaya as comprising the States of Malaya and Singapore in a geographical sense. Today, the States of Malaya are colloquially referred to as Peninsular Malaysia and West Malaysia, excluding the Borneo States and Singapore . The term should also not be confused with

512-520: The Thai side, the highest point is 1,533 m (5,026 ft) Ulu Titi Basah (ยูลูติติ บาซาห์), at the Thai/Malaysian border between Yala province and Perak . On the other hand, the height gradually diminishes towards the southern reaches of the range, which mainly runs through Negeri Sembilan , with elevations ranging from 1,462 m (4,797 ft) at its highest on Mount Besar Hantu , on

544-501: The border between the state and Pahang , as well as 1,193 m (3,914 ft) on Mount Telapak Buruk on the boundary between the districts of Seremban and Jelebu to 500–700 metres (1,600–2,300 ft). The rainforests of the Titiwangsa Mountains form part of the Titiwangsa Forest Complex , which is itself part of the larger Central Forest Spine conservation area. A number of roads and highways cut through

576-537: The coast all the way into Malayan territory. The mountains are named after the town Nakhon Si Thammarat , located east of the range. The highest elevation is the 1835 m high Khao Luang . This mountain range is a part of the Tenasserim Hills system. It begins to the east of the Phuket Range , which runs in the same direction about 60 km further west. Between the ranges there are isolated peaks,

608-418: The coastal western half, which is where the country's prominent urban areas are located. Peninsular Malaysia consists of 11 out of the 13  states , and two out of the three federal territories of Malaysia, which includes the national capital of Kuala Lumpur . The states are listed as the following: Originally comprising the states and territories of the Federation of Malaya , the then Federation under

640-593: The effects of tremors could be felt around areas along the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia. This mountain range is a part of the wider Tenasserim Hills . It forms the southernmost section of the Indo-Malayan cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus into the Malay Peninsula . The Titiwangsa Mountains proper begin in the north as the Sankalakhiri Range, a prolongation of

672-427: The entirety of Kinta Valley, where kegelkarst topography is prevalent. The mountain range was the subject of the patriotic song "Titiwangsa", which was first sung by Saloma . Its lyrics glorifies the magnificence and beauty of the Titiwangsa Mountains, and its significance to Malaya as a whole. Peninsular Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia , historically known as Malaya , also known as West Malaysia or

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704-541: The formation of the Malayan Union . Even when the Malayan Union transformed into the Federation of Malaya, Singapore was not a part of it. Although politically distinct, Malaya was then seen geographically as comprising the States of the Federation of Malaya in the Peninsula and Singapore. In order to facilitate the merger, the Borneo States (which initially also included Brunei ) were brought in as well as it

736-662: The highest of which is 1,350 m high Khao Phanom Bencha . To the south it is continued by the Sankalakhiri Range . Several smaller rivers originate in the mountain range, the Tapi River is the largest by far. Another relatively large river is the Trang River . The range is in the Tenasserim-South Thailand semi-evergreen rain forests ecoregion . Several national parks are located in

768-803: The latter three being situated along the Titiwangsa Mountains. As a precautionary move, the Department of Minerals and Geosciences pitched 23 Earthquake Benchmark (PAG, Malay : Penanda Aras Gempa ) stations around earthquake-prone areas in Peninsular Malaysia, with 13 in Pahang , six in Selangor , and two each in Perak and Negeri Sembilan to monitor possible movements within the fault network. The Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment and Climate Change (NRECC) also pointed out that strong earthquakes centred in neighbouring Sumatra , Indonesia could potentially activate ancient faults in Peninsular Malaysia and

800-501: The mountain range, effectively acting as mountain passes linking settlements on either side of the range. Several popular tourist destinations such as Royal Belum , hill resorts such as Cameron Highlands , Genting Highlands and Fraser's Hill are located on the range. Two of Malaysia's largest metropolitan areas are located along the western fringes of the mountain range, namely Greater Kuala Lumpur (ranked #1) and Kinta Valley (ranked #4). The Kinta Valley Geopark encompasses

832-523: The north and a maritime border with Singapore to the south. Across the Strait of Malacca to the west lies the island of Sumatra , and across the South China Sea to the east lie the Natuna Islands of Indonesia . At its southern tip, across the Strait of Johor , lies the island country of Singapore . Most of Peninsular Malaysia's interior is forested, mountainous and rural; the majority of Malaysia's population and economy are concentrated on

864-703: The other hand, only started to separate from Gondwana during the Early Permian and rifted towards Indochina. The collision of the Sibumasu terranes and Indochina terranes 200 mya during the Late Triassic resulted in the closure of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean and formation of the modern Titiwangsa Mountain belts. Peninsular Malaysia , while being tectonically stable, has a history of intraplate earthquakes , with most of them of low magnitudes. As

896-442: The region. As of 2012, Peninsular Malaysia oil production stood at 520,000 barrel of oil equivalent per day. The term East Coast ( Malay : Pantai Timur ; Jawi : ڤنتاي تيمور) is particularly used in Malaysia to describe the following states in Peninsular Malaysia facing the South China Sea , a marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean : The term West Coast ( Malay : Pantai Barat ; Jawi : ڤنتاي بارت) refers informally to

928-503: The south near the town of Tampin , in the southern part of the state. Outcrops of Titiwangsa granite , mainly consisting of inselbergs , project further south into Malacca , where it abuts in the waters of the Strait of Malacca in Pulau Besar . In general, the greatest elevations occur along the northern and central sections of the range, with its highest point measuring 2,183 m (7,162 ft) on Gunung Korbu , Perak . On

960-529: The state is located on the Straits of Johor of the Indian Ocean . The East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is socioculturally different in terms of overall racial composition and political affiliations compared to the West Coast – the states' demographics in the former are overwhelmingly Malay and its people lean towards social conservative and Islamist values, their electoral representation dominated by

992-591: The western half is an amalgamation of continental terranes Sinoburmalaya or Sibumasu . These two halves of terranes were separated by the Paleo-Tethys Ocean . The Cimmeria was separated from Gondwana around 400 mya during the Devonian and rifted towards Laurasia, the northeastern arm of Pangea . It attached to Laurasia completely around 280 mya during the Late Permian . Sibumasu terranes on

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1024-520: Was believed that with the inclusion of the various ethnic groups in Borneo, the racial arithmetic would be offset such that the influx of ethnic Chinese from Singapore would not politically overwhelm Malaya, satisfying the Malay ultras . Ultimately, both Malaysia and Singapore agreed that after a merger, Singapore would retain autonomy in labour, education and health, among others, unlike the other states in

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