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65-568: The temple has been accused by animal rights activists of mistreating the tigers for commercial gain and even trafficking some of its animals, though in 2005 it was cleared of allegations of animal mistreatment in an investigation by wildlife officials and a raid by Thai soldiers. Charges were pressed for unlicensed possession of 38 protected birds found on the temple grounds. In May 2016, the Thailand Wildlife Conservation Office (WCO) began capturing and relocating

130-800: A 2014 IUCN Red List report indicated that tigers were possibly extinct in Vietnam. In China, it occurred historically in Yunnan province and Mêdog County , where it probably does not survive today. Thus, probably the Indochinese tiger now only survives in Thailand and Myanmar. In Yunnan's Shangyong Nature Reserve, three individuals were detected during surveys carried out from 2004 to 2009. In Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, seven female and four male tigers were equipped with GPS radio collars between June 2005 and August 2011. Females had

195-444: A Magazine has been determined upon as one means accomplishing these purposes. It was initially a scholarly journal sent to 165 charter members; in 2010, it reached the hands of 40 million people each month. Starting with its January 1905 publication of several full-page pictures of Tibet in 1900–01, the magazine began to transition from being a text-oriented publication to featuring extensive pictorial content. By 1908 more than half of

260-650: A balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain . The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria , the Soviet Union , and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race , National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. There were also many articles in

325-698: A deal was announced for Disney to acquire 21st Century Fox , including the controlling interest in National Geographic Partners. The acquisition was completed in March 2019. NG Media publishing unit was operationally transferred into Disney Publishing Worldwide . In September 2022, the magazine laid off six of its top editors. In June 2023, the magazine laid off all of its staff writers , shifting to an entirely freelance-based writing model, and announced that beginning in 2024 it would no longer offer newsstand purchases. The magazine had

390-495: A license. The abbot's secretary was stopped from leaving the site with over 1000 amulets containing pieces of tiger skin, two whole tiger skins, and nine or ten tiger fangs. He and four other persons are investigated for alleged wildlife smuggling. The temple was closed to the public at the beginning of the raid. On 3 June, another thirty carcasses of tiger cubs were found in containers with English-language labels, suggesting that they might have been for sale. Since its founding in 1994,

455-761: A local-language logo; the other one is the Persian version published under the name Gita Nama . Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine , the Russian version of National Geographic was discontinued effective April 2022. Its publication team then launched the Russian Traveler , which is not associated with the National Geographic brand. In the United States, National Geographic

520-522: A marginal improvement of tiger survival and recruitment. By autumn 2016, at least two individuals had dispersed to adjacent Mae Wong National Park ; six cubs were observed in Mae Wong and the contiguous Khlong Lan National Park in 2016, indicating that the population was breeding and recovering. In Thailand and Laos, this tiger is considered Endangered , while it is considered Critically Endangered in Vietnam and Myanmar. The Indochinese tiger

585-581: A mean home range of 70.2 ± 33.2 km (27.1 ± 12.8 sq mi) and males of 267.6 ± 92.4 km (103.3 ± 35.7 sq mi). Between 2013 and 2015, 11 prey species were identified at 150 kill sites. They ranged in weight from 3 to 287 kg (6.6 to 632.7 lb). Sambar deer , banteng , gaur , and wild boar were most frequently killed, but also remains of Asian elephant calves, hog badger , Old World porcupine , muntjac , serow , pangolin , and langur species were identified. The primary threat to

650-576: A photograph presented as a portrait of a dog with fighter jets flying over its shoulder. Lascelles had in reality created the image using photo editing software. After the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, National Geographic published maps with the Crimean peninsula marked as " contested ", contrary to international norms. In March 2018, the editor of National Geographic , Susan Goldberg , said that historically

715-591: A single "editor" from 1888 to 1920. From 1920 to 1967, the chief editorship was held by the president of the National Geographic Society . Since 1967, the magazine has been overseen by its own "editor" and/or "editor-in-chief". The list of editors-in-chief includes three generations of the Grosvenor family between 1903 and 1980. During the Cold War , the magazine committed itself to present

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780-401: A still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom. The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic , convinced

845-422: A thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border. Map supplements from National Geographic Maps are included with subscriptions, and it is available in a traditional printed edition and an interactive online edition. As of 1995 , the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly forty local-language editions and had a global circulation of at least 6.5 million per month including 3.5 million within

910-488: A warrant, police, and soldiers. They seized protected wild birds and impounded the tigers on the premises. The head of the Wildlife Crime Suspension office stated the park did not have the proper permits for raising the birds. The tigers were impounded pending further investigation into the tigers' documentation. In January and May 2016, two reports spanning nine years of investigations were released by

975-697: Is available only to subscribers beginning with the January 2024 issue. For the first 110 years of the magazine's existence, membership in the National Geographic Society was the only way to receive it. Newsstand sales, which began in 1998, ceased in 2023, following a year of layoffs and a shift in focus to digital formats amid the decline of the print media industry. Worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in addition to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Turkey and Ukraine, National Geographic paved

1040-664: Is distributed in Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. Its historical range also included Cambodia, southern China and Vietnam. Results of a phylogeographic study, using 134 tiger samples across the global range, suggest that the historical northwestern distribution limit of the Indochinese tiger is the region in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Brahmaputra River basin, bordering the range of the Bengal tiger. In Myanmar, surveys were conducted between 1999 and 2002, confirming

1105-465: Is the least represented in captivity and is not part of a coordinated breeding program. As of 2007, 14 individuals were recognized as Indochinese tigers based on genetic analysis of 105 captive tigers in 14 countries. National Geographic (magazine) National Geographic (formerly The National Geographic Magazine , sometimes branded as Nat Geo ) is an American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners . The magazine

1170-621: The World Wide Fund for Nature , sent a letter to the director general of National Parks of Thailand under the name "The International Tiger Coalition". The letter urged the director general to take action against the Tiger Temple over its import and export of 12 tigers with Laos, its lack of connection with accredited conservation breeding programs, and to genetically test the tigers at the Tiger Temple to determine their pedigree and value to tiger conservation programs. It concludes that

1235-474: The 1930s, 1940s and 1950s about the individual states and their resources, along with supplementary maps of each state. Many of these articles were written by longtime staff such as Frederick Simpich . After 21st Century Fox acquired controlling interest in the magazine, articles became outspoken on topics such as environmental issues , deforestation , chemical pollution , global warming , and endangered species . Series of articles were included focusing on

1300-614: The 1990s, but none have been recorded in the country since 1997. The population in Laos and Vietnam has declined significantly. According to the global tiger census of 2016, only two tigers were left in Laos and less than five in Vietnam. There is news of its extinction in both countries. In Laos, no tiger has been seen since 2013, when its populations were estimated at only two, and these two individuals vanished shortly after 2013 from Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area, denoting they were most likely killed either by snare or gun. In Vietnam,

1365-421: The 2020 Webby Award for News & Magazines in the category Apps, Mobile & Voice. National Geographic won the 2020 Webby Award and Webby People's Voice Award for Magazine in the category Web. On the magazine's February 1982 cover, the pyramids of Giza were altered, resulting in the first major scandal of the digital photography age and contributing to photography's "waning credibility". The cover of

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1430-568: The Australian organisation Cee4life (Conservation and Environmental Education 4 Life) The first Cee4life report contains CCTV, recordings, and witness statements regarding the disappearance of tigers at Tiger Temple. The second report contains evidence of tiger body part sales, gifting and international transport. National Geographic alleged that the Buddhist monks there are operating a for-profit breeding, sales, and exploitation business with

1495-688: The Cartographic Division) became a division of the National Geographic Society in 1915. The first supplement map, which appeared in the May 1918 issue of the magazine, titled The Western Theatre of War , served as a reference for overseas military personnel and soldiers' families alike. On some occasions, the Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited. President Franklin D. Roosevelt 's White House map room

1560-623: The Magazine of the Year Award. In April 2014, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best tablet edition for its multimedia presentation of Robert Draper's story "The Last Chase", about the final days of a tornado researcher who was killed in the line of duty. In February 2017, National Geographic received the National Magazine Award ("Ellie") for best website. National Geographic won

1625-671: The National Geographic website. In April 1995, National Geographic began publishing in Japanese, its first local language edition. The magazine is currently published in 29 local editions around the world. The following local-language editions have been discontinued. In association with Trends Publications in Beijing and IDG Asia, National Geographic has been authorized for "copyright cooperation" in China to publish

1690-568: The October 1988 issue featured a photo of a large ivory portrait of a male, whose authenticity, particularly the alleged ice age provenance, has been questioned. In 1999, the magazine was embroiled in the Archaeoraptor scandal, in which it purported to have a fossil linking birds to dinosaurs. The fossil was a forgery. In 2010, the magazine's Your Shot competition was awarded to American filmmaker and photographer William Lascelles for

1755-486: The U.S., down from about 12 million in the late 1980s. As of 2015 , the magazine had won 25 National Magazine Awards . In 2023, National Geographic laid off all staff writers and announced they would stop U.S. newsstand sales in the next year. As of November 2024 , its Instagram page has 280 million followers, the third most of any account not belonging to an individual celebrity. The magazine's combined U.S. and international circulation as of June 30, 2024

1820-468: The United States, and millions more outside of the U.S. In the late 1990s, the magazine began publishing The Complete National Geographic , an electronic collection of every past issue of the magazine. It was then sued over copyright of the magazine as a collective work in Greenberg v. National Geographic and other cases, and temporarily withdrew the compilation. The magazine eventually prevailed in

1885-646: The Wild International , in a 2008 report that the Tiger Temple is involved in the illegal wildlife trade with a facility in Laos and breeds tigers without a proper license. According to Edwin Wiek, founder of Wildlife Friends of Thailand, the temple's operations violate CITES , an international treaty on wildlife to which Thailand is a signatory, which bans commercial breeding of protected wild animals such as tigers. All previous attempts by authorities to remove

1950-434: The animals were well-treated. The abbot of the monastery stated that the eventual goal was to breed tigers for release into the wild. In 2014, Care for the Wild International called for an end to "tiger selfies" in a global campaign coinciding with International Tiger Day . The charity's CEO, Philip Mansbridge, was quoted as saying: "I know people will immediately think we're overreacting or just out to spoil people's fun. But

2015-782: The concept of six living subspecies. The Indochinese tiger’s ground colouration is darker, with more rather short and narrow single stripes; its skull is smaller than that of the Bengal tiger . Eleven Indochinese tiger skins in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London , have 21–31 stripes. In body size, it is smaller than the Bengal and Siberian tigers . Males range in size from 255 to 285 cm (100 to 112 in) and in weight, from 150 to 195 kg (331 to 430 lb). Females range in size from 230 to 255 cm (91 to 100 in) and in weight, from 100 to 130 kg (220 to 290 lb). The Indochinese tiger

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2080-729: The country with the tiger's reintroduction . At least 90 acres (36 ha) of the Cardamom Mountains of Tatai Wildlife Sanctuary could be used to host Bengal tigers. From the 1960s and earlier, the Indochinese tiger occurred throughout the mountains in Vietnam, even in the midlands and Islands. In the report of the Government of Vietnam at the Tiger Forum in 2004, there would be tigers in only 17 provinces and they were living in fragmented and severely degraded forest areas. Tigers were still present in 14 protected areas in

2145-413: The cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full-page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of

2210-521: The dispute, and in July 2009 resumed publishing all past issues through December 2008. More recent issues were later added to the collection; the archive and electronic edition of the magazine are available online to the magazine's subscribers. In September 2015, the National Geographic Society moved the magazine to a new owner, National Geographic Partners, giving 21st Century Fox a 73% controlling interest in exchange for $ 725 million. In December 2017,

2275-408: The highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating. A map is the greatest of all epic poems. Its lines and colors show the realization of great dreams. Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited. National Geographic Maps (originally

2340-417: The history and varied uses of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a single country, past civilization, a natural resource whose future is endangered, or other themes. In recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines with different focuses. Whereas

2405-563: The likelihood is that they have been extirpated as a result of poaching, fueled by demand from China. In eastern Cambodia, tigers were last recorded in Mondulkiri Protected Forest and Virachey National Park during surveys between 1999 and 2007. In 2016, the Cambodian government declared that the tiger was "functionally extinct". In April 2023, India signed a memorandum of understanding with Cambodia to assist

2470-400: The magazine became outspoken on environmental issues . Until 2015, the magazine was completely owned and managed by the National Geographic Society . Since 2015, controlling interest has been held by National Geographic Partners. Topics of features generally concern geography , history , nature , science , and world culture . The magazine is well known for its distinctive appearance:

2535-429: The magazine featured lengthy expositions in the past, recent issues have included shorter articles. In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and the high standard of its photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that

2600-483: The magazine has won a total of 24 National Magazine Awards. In May 2006, 2007, and 2011, National Geographic magazine won the American Society of Magazine Editors ' General Excellence Award in the over two million circulation category. In 2010, National Geographic Magazine received the top ASME awards for photojournalism and essay. In 2011, National Geographic Magazine received the top-award from ASME –

2665-460: The magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods . In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years,

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2730-419: The magazine's pages were photographs. The June 1985 cover portrait of a 12-year-old Afghan girl Sharbat Gula , shot by photographer Steve McCurry , became one of the magazine's most recognizable images. National Geographic Kids , the children's version of the magazine, was launched in 1975 under the name National Geographic World . At its peak in the late 1980s, the magazine had 12 million subscribers in

2795-530: The most commonly traded parts. Bones, paws, and penises were offered as aphrodisiacs in places with a large sex industry. Tiger bone wine was offered foremost in shops catering to Chinese customers. Traditional medicine accounted for a large portion of products sold and exported to China, Laos, and Vietnam. Between 2000 and 2011, 641 tigers, both live and dead, were seized in 196 incidents in Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and China; 275 tigers were suspected to have leaked into trade from captive facilities. China

2860-521: The operation, officials found over 40 tiger cub corpses as well as numerous body parts from other animals preserved in freezers. According to a representative of the Department of National Parks, the tiger cubs had died only a short time before the raid. The temple, however, had not reported the birth of any tigers for months. This was seen as a sign for hidden illegal breeding. Some twelve living hornbills were also confiscated as being possessed without

2925-415: The population was thought to comprise 342 individuals, including 85 in Myanmar and 20 in Vietnam, with the largest population unit surviving in Thailand, estimated at 189 to 252 individuals during the period 2009 to 2014. Panthera tigris corbetti was proposed as a scientific name for this specific population by Vratislav Mazák in 1968 based on skin colouration, marking pattern, and skull dimensions. It

2990-947: The potential tiger habitat in the country. More than half of the total Indochinese tiger population survives in the Western Forest Complex in Thailand, especially in the area of the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary . This habitat consists of tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests . Camera trap surveys from 2008 to 2017 in eastern Thailand detected about 17 adult tigers in an area of 4,445 km (1,716 sq mi) in Dong Phayayen–Khao Yai Forest Complex . Several individuals had cubs. The population density in Thap Lan National Park , Pang Sida National Park and Dong Yai Wildlife Sanctuary

3055-610: The presence of tigers in the Hukawng Valley , Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary and in two small areas in the Tanintharyi Region . The Tenasserim Hills is an important area, but forests are harvested there. In 2015, tigers were recorded by camera traps for the first time in the hill forests of Kayin State . Camera trap surveys between 2016 and 2018 revealed about 22 adult individuals in three sites that represent 8% of

3120-401: The reality is, one quick pic for you means a lifetime of suffering for that animal." The charity estimates that there are up to 60 incidents a year (of varying severity) of captive tigers mauling tourists or volunteers at places like Tiger Temple. On 2 February 2015, an investigation of the temple commenced by forest officials. After initially being rebuffed, they returned the following day with

3185-597: The region's Indochinese tigers to travel between protected pockets of reservation land. Since 1993, the Indochinese tiger has been listed on CITES Appendix I , making international trade illegal. China, South Korea, Vietnam, Singapore, and Taiwan banned trade in tigers and sale of medicinal derivatives. Manufacture of tiger-based medicine was banned in China, and the open sale of tiger-based medicine reduced significantly since 1995. Patrolling in Thailand's Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary has been intensified since 2006 so that poaching appears to have been reduced, resulting in

3250-467: The significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an "unscientific" conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in

3315-399: The temple does not have the facilities, the skills, the relationships with accredited zoos, or even the desire to manage its tigers in an appropriate fashion. Instead, it is motivated purely by profit. In December 2006, ABC News spent three days at the temple and did not see any evidence of drugging or mistreating the animals. Both Thai and Western employees who were interviewed claimed that

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3380-562: The temple has profited greatly from tourism while billing itself as a spiritual organization dedicated to wildlife conservation. 14°6′57″N 99°13′53″E  /  14.11583°N 99.23139°E  / 14.11583; 99.23139 Indochinese tiger The Indochinese tiger is a population of the Panthera tigris tigris subspecies that is native to Southeast Asia . This population occurs in Myanmar and Thailand . In 2011,

3445-439: The temple were rescues, and thus far DNA data is incomplete and therefore unavailable to the public, as the pedigree of the tigers is not entirely known. However, it is presumed that they are Indochinese tigers , except Mek, a Bengal tiger . It is possible that some may be the newly discovered Malayan tigers , as well as cross breeds or hybrids. Critics charged that the Tiger Temple is a criminal organization. An NGO , Care for

3510-811: The tiger is poaching for the illegal wildlife trade . Tiger bone has been an ingredient in traditional Chinese medicine for more than 1,500 years and is either added to medicinal wine, used in the form of powder, or boiled to a glue-like consistency. More than 40 different formulae containing tiger bone were produced by at least 226 Chinese companies in 1993. Tiger bone glue is a popular medicine among urban Vietnamese consumers. Between 1970 and 1993, South Korea imported 607 kg (1,338 lb) of tiger bones from Thailand and 2,415 kg (5,324 lb) from China between 1991 and 1993. Between 2001 and 2010, wildlife markets were surveyed in Myanmar, Thailand, and Laos. During 13 surveys, 157 body parts of tigers were found, representing at least 91 individuals. Whole skins were

3575-478: The tigers at the temple. The following May, Thai authorities began seizing animals and attempting to shut down the facility. Breeding of tigers for commercial use or otherwise is prohibited by the CITES Convention, and tigers (being endangered) are regarded as state property in Thailand. In late-May 2016, police and wildlife officials began an operation to remove all living tigers at Tiger Temple. During

3640-596: The tigers from Wat Pha Luang Ta Bua Yanasampanno have failed, including one in May 2015. Wiek believes this is due to the influence wielded by the temple and its abbot, Phra Wisutthisarathen. Based on the Care for the Wild International report, a coalition of 39 conservation groups, including the Humane Society International , the Association of Zoos and Aquariums , World Animal Protection , and

3705-449: The tigers, intending to close the facility. Authorities counted 137 tigers on the premises, and the frozen bodies of 40 cubs, some of them dead for more than five years. In 1999, the temple received its first tiger cub, one that had been found by villagers. It died soon after. Later, several tiger cubs were given to the temple. As of January 2016, the number of tigers confined at the temple exceeded 150. The original eight tigers brought to

3770-571: The way for a subscription model in addition to traditional newsstand sales. On May 1, 2008, National Geographic won three National Magazine Awards —an award solely for its written content—in the reporting category for an article by Peter Hessler on the Chinese economy ; an award in the photojournalism category for work by John Stanmeyer on malaria in the Third World ; and a prestigious award for general excellence. Between 1980 and 2011,

3835-490: The yellow-border magazine, which launched with the July 2007 issue of the magazine with an event in Beijing on July 10, 2007, and another event on December 6, 2007, in Beijing also celebrating the 29th anniversary of normalization of U.S.–China relations featuring former President Jimmy Carter . The mainland China version is one of the two local-language editions that bump the National Geographic logo off its header in favor of

3900-498: Was about 1.65 million, with its kids magazines separately achieving a circulation of about 500,000. The first issue of the National Geographic Magazine was published on September 22, 1888, nine months after the Society was founded. In the first issue, Gardiner Greene Hubbard writes, The "National Geographic Society" has been organized to "increase and defuse geographic knowledge", and the publication of

3965-631: Was estimated at 0.32–1.21 individuals per 100 km (39 sq mi). Three subadult tigers were photographed in spring 2020 in a remote region of Thailand that are thought to be dispersing. In Laos, 14 tigers were documented in Nam Et-Phou Louey National Protected Area during surveys from 2013 to 2017, covering four blocks of about 200 km (77 sq mi) semi-evergreen and evergreen forest that are interspersed with some patches of grassland. More recent surveys have failed to detect any tigers, and

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4030-656: Was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchill museum in London showing Churchill's markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied leaders divided post-war Europe. In 2001, National Geographic released an eight- CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. Printed versions are also available from

4095-417: Was founded in 1888 as a scholarly journal, nine months after the establishment of the society, but is now a popular magazine. In 1905, it began including pictures, a style for which it became well-known. Its first color photos appeared in the 1910s. During the Cold War , the magazine committed itself to present a balanced view of the physical and human geography of countries beyond the Iron Curtain . Later,

4160-701: Was named in honor of Jim Corbett . In 2017, the Cat Classification Task Force of the Cat Specialist Group revised felid taxonomy and now recognizes the tiger populations of mainland South and Southeast Asia as belonging to the nominate subspecies P. tigris tigris . Results of a genetic study published in 2018 supported six monophyletic clades based on whole genome sequencing analysis of 32 tiger specimens. The specimens from Malaysia and Indochina appeared to be distinct from other mainland Asian populations, thus supporting

4225-659: Was the most common destination of the seized tigers. In Myanmar's Hukaung Valley, the Yuzana Corporation, alongside local authorities, has expropriated more than 200,000 acres (81,000 ha) of land from more than 600 households since 2006. Much of the trees have been logged, and the land has been transformed into plantations. Some of the land taken by the Yazana Corporation had been deemed tiger transit corridors. These are areas of land that were supposed to be left untouched by development in order to allow

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