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20-469: In between Marina di Pisa and Calambrone , Tirrenia is a destination for Italian and, more generally, European seaside tourism. The village was founded during the fascist regime. Benito Mussolini had this once swamped village transformed into what he called "The Pearl of the Mediterranean Sea." Many architects from all over Italy were called upon to build centres for orphans and houses for

40-640: A few days. At the point where the Arno leaves the Apennines, flow measurements can vary between 0.56 and 4,100 cubic metres per second (20 and 144,790 cu ft/s). New dams built upstream of Florence have greatly alleviated the problem in recent years. The flood on November 4, 1966 collapsed the embankment in Florence, killing at least 40 people and damaging or destroying millions of works of art and rare books. New conservation techniques were inspired by

60-636: A place to be. Tirrenia is generally considered the southern end of the Riviera which starts off the southern coast of France and follows the shore as it curves to the south. Some do extend the Italian Riviera to just past Livorno (Leghorn) just a few miles further. In Calambrone, just south of Tirrenia, the U.S. Army Hospital served the Americans that lived in Tirrenia. The hospital closed in

80-425: Is a seaside resort of Tuscany , in central Italy . It is a frazione of the provincial capital of Pisa , which lies about 10 km to the east. Marina di Pisa was mostly built during the economic boom of the late 1800s, as a seaside resort. It was further developed in the 1930s. Many marine support industries developed at the mouth of the Arno river and in the area along its banks. Marina di Pisa lies on

100-422: Is also one of the most expensive maritime localities, with rising housing costs. Tirrenia is especially visited by young people, mostly from Pisa and Livorno , because of the vast quantity of pubs and discos that the village offers. The main avenue provides access to camping grounds, seaside establishments, and high-quality, luxurious hotels. Tirrenia has a Mediterranean and moderate climate even throughout

120-458: Is mostly inhabited during summer, however there are many people that live here all year. A redevelopment project is under way at the mouth of the Arno, known as "Bocca d’Arno", in a disused industrial area where a new touristic port has been built and a new residential district will be inaugurated in the next years. Arno River The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy . It

140-622: Is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber . The river originates on Monte Falterona in the Casentino area of the Apennines , and initially takes a southward curve. The river turns to the west near Arezzo passing through Florence , Empoli and Pisa , flowing into the Ligurian Sea at Marina di Pisa . With a length of 241 kilometres (150 mi), it is

160-599: The Ponte Vecchio and the Santa Trinita bridge (built by Bartolomeo Ammannati but inspired by Michelangelo ). The river flooded this city regularly in historical times, most recently in 1966 , with 4,500 cubic metres per second (160,000 cu ft/s) after rainfall of 437.2 millimetres (17.21 in) in Badia Agnano and 190 millimetres (7.5 in) in Florence, in only 24 hours. Before Pisa,

180-487: The 1980s and transferred to Camp Darby, becoming a clinic. Tirrenia is also home to Camp Darby Army Base , a home to the Southern European Task Force (SETAF). The village is surrounded by sand hills and lush forests, whose fauna include wild boars . Tirrenia's economy is mainly based on tourism, more domestic than foreign. Also, fishing is a source of profit for citizens of Tirrenia. Tirrenia

200-590: The 1980s, (or possibly earlier) and at least as late as 1990 lifeguards were US Soldiers from units in Vicenza and Camp Darby. The lifeguards from the American Beach also provided lifeguard services to both adjoining Italian free beaches. For many years, retired American personnel who had remained in Italy due to having married Italian women, provided night security. Fourth of July celebrations were often held on

220-521: The Arno is crossed by the Imperial Canal at La Botte. This water channel passes under the Arno through a tunnel, and serves to drain the former area of the Lago di Bientina , which was once the largest lake in Tuscany before its reclamation. The flow rate of the Arno is irregular. It is sometimes described as having a torrentlike behaviour, because it can easily go from almost dry to near flood in

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240-573: The area around Florence are alien species. These include the European catfish , channel catfish , Crucian carp , common bleak , topmouth gudgeon , New Zealand mud snail , and killer shrimp . The mud crab has been found in the river near Pisa. Water from the Arno drainage basin is used for drinking water, irrigation, and firefighting. Citizens in the central part of the drainage basin also identified flood control, support for biodiversity, fisheries, and cultural value as other services that

260-476: The beach, as it was fairly easy to set up pyrotechnical displays without fear of causing fires. They were anchored in the sand and fired out over the water. The American Beach played a minor role during Operation Desert Shield. A goodly number of troops heading into the Desert, were provided R&R at Camp Darby. The Beach normally closed on Labor Day, that year it remained open through September to provide troops

280-542: The disaster, but even decades later hundreds of works still await restoration. From Latin Arnus (Pliny, Natural History 3.50). The philologist Hans Krahe related this toponym on a paleo-European basis *Ar-n- , derived from the Proto-Indo-European root * er- , "flow, move". The Arno river has been strongly affected by non-native species: over 90% of fish species and 70% of macroinvertebrate species in

300-474: The largest river in the region. It has many tributaries: Sieve at 60 kilometres (37 mi) long, Bisenzio at 49 kilometres (30 mi), Ombrone Pistoiese at 47 kilometres (29 mi), and the Era , Elsa , Pesa , and Pescia . The drainage basin amounts to more than 8,200 square kilometres (3,200 sq mi) and drains the waters of the following subbasins: It crosses Florence , where it passes below

320-807: The left bank of the Arno River , where it flows into the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is located directly north of the seaside resort of Tirrenia and about 10 kilometers West from Pisa. Behind the town are forested sections of the Parco Regionale San Rossore, Migliarino, e Massaciucoli . From Marina di Pisa, it is possible to see the islands of Corsica , Elba and Gorgona ; and the mountains of the Apuan Alps , Apennines , and Monti Pisani above Pisa. The German aviation company Dornier Flugzeugwerke based most of their production in

340-444: The military complex Camp Darby not far from Tirrenia. Subsequently, American families began to rent villas and flats in Tirrenia. In the mid to late-1950s through the early-1990s, many of the inhabitants of Tirrenia were American families. The American Beach in Tirrenia (which closed at the end of the 2014 summer season and became a free beach) was a vacation venue for American and NATO troops stationed throughout Europe. At least during

360-420: The rich. In the 1930s, places for studying film were constructed, and la Pisorno was built to expand the ideal of fascism in Italy and to make propaganda. Today, in the area of Tirrenia near Livorno , the old colonies built by Mussolini for orphans are being restored since they were abandoned after World War II . These colonies will be used as tourist attractions. In the early 1950s American troops established

380-595: The town from 1922 to 1932, after The Treaty of Versailles of 1919 banned construction of engine-powered aircraft in Germany. Here they built the "Wal" twin-engine flying boat . The huge 'Savigliano' hangar (1925) which remained standing till 2007, was used for the production of the Wals, and work on the Do-X2 and 3 in the early 1930s. Then the world's largest airplanes, they were broken up for scrap here in 1937. The village

400-529: The winter, mitigated by the sea. With the presence of a training center of the Italian National Olympic Committee (CONI), many athletes go to Tirrenia to practise and at times relax by the seashore. Two golf and country clubs can be found, as well as tennis courts, and public pools for any water sports. Additionally, Tirrenia is home to a baseball academy run by Major League Baseball . Marina di Pisa Marina di Pisa

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