Der Scutt (October 17, 1934 – March 14, 2010) was an American architect and designer of a number of major and notable buildings throughout New York City and the United States .
88-613: Trump Tower is a mixed-use skyscraper in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. Trump Tower or Trump Towers may also refer to: Trump Tower Trump Tower is a 58-story, 664-foot-tall (202 m) mixed-use condominium skyscraper at 721–725 Fifth Avenue in the Midtown Manhattan neighborhood of New York City , between East 56th and 57th Streets . The building contains the headquarters for
176-469: A $ 2 million apartment on the 54th floor in 1989, when public records in Haiti showed that he had forgotten to pay his bills. The singer Michael Jackson rented an apartment on the 63rd floor during the 1990s. The composer Andrew Lloyd Webber , known for musicals such as Cats , moved out of his 59th and 60th floor apartment in 2010 after 17 years of stating his intention to do so. Carlos Peralta ,
264-594: A 25-year lease to move into the space previously occupied by Bonwit Teller, a move that expanded its business to the United States while helping Trump pay off the debts incurred by the tower's construction and operation. The new store opened in September 1991 after a $ 13.7 million renovation, but was unprofitable and lost a net $ 3.6 million in the first year alone because it had made only $ 8.4 million in sales. Galeries Lafayette announced that it would be closing
352-752: A billionaire businessman from Mexico, sold an apartment in Trump Tower in 2009 for $ 13.5 million. Prince Mutaib bin Abdulaziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia, reportedly lived on an entire floor in the tower. The mobster Vyacheslav Ivankov reportedly had a residence in Trump Tower in the 1990s until he was arrested and deported. Der Scutt Scutt worked on Trump Tower next to the Tiffany & Co. flagship store on Fifth Avenue , New York City , developed by Donald Trump . His other major buildings include One Astor Plaza , 520 Madison Avenue ,
440-407: A concrete superstructure was in contrast to many other skyscrapers, which were built on steel frames. Scutt said a concrete frame was easier to build and was more rigid than a steel frame was. More specifically, it employed a concrete tube structure, which had been pioneered by Bangladeshi-American structural engineer Fazlur Rahman Khan in the 1960s. Trump Tower has been described as one of
528-502: A country club." New York magazine wrote that "despite what the sign reads, countless restaurants trump this spot." In December 2016, Yelp reviews of Trump Grill averaged two-and-a-half out of five stars, while Google reviews averaged three of five stars. Health inspections in 2018 reported "evidence of mice or live mice" in and around the kitchen, according to records obtained by the New York Daily News , in violations
616-458: A design similar to Boston's John Hancock Tower , but Trump strongly objected. He preferred a building that was both expensive and very tall, with a design that both critics and potential tenants would approve of. Trump later said that "the marble in Trump Tower would cost more than the entire rent from one of my buildings in Brooklyn." Two major factors affected Trump Tower's construction. One
704-526: A flea market and amassed one of the most unusual private nautical collections in the world. His collection spanned four centuries, including ocean liners, warships, commercial ships, sailing ships, and paddle steamers. The models came from all over the world. Articles on his collection of over six hundred models appeared in The New York Times , The Journal of Commerce , Town & Country , Nautical Collector , and other publications. In 2001
792-549: A fountain, while the fourth-floor south-side terrace has little more than a few granite benches. Above the main entrance is a logo with 34-inch-high (86 cm) brass capital letters in Stymie Extra Bold font, which reads "Trump Tower". A concrete hat-truss at the top of the building, similar to one used in the Trump World Tower , ties exterior columns with the concrete core. This hat-truss increases
880-417: A lot of money and bring a lot of taxes into the city." By August 1983, the construction loan for Trump Tower's construction had been paid off using the $ 260 million revenue from the sale of 85% of the 263 condominium units. Ninety-one units, representing over a third of the tower's total housing stock, had sold for more than $ 1 million. The first residents were set to begin moving in that month. Despite
968-409: A partner in charge of design there from 1976 to 1981. Der Scutt began his own private practice in 1981. Scutt established his own firm, Der Scutt Architect, in 1981 and was awarded an impressive group of commissions, including the 55-story 100 United Nations Plaza Tower luxury condominium, the 57-story Corinthian luxury condominium in New York City, HSBC Bank USA headquarters in New York City, and
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#17327654432831056-423: A pink white-veined marble. The atrium contains a 60-foot-tall (18 m) indoor waterfall along its east wall, which is spanned by a suspended walkway, shops, and cafes. The atrium's escalators and structural columns are clad with mirrored panels. Six levels of balconies overlook the atrium. Four gold-painted elevators transport visitors from the lobby to higher floors; a dedicated elevator leads directly to
1144-661: A reduction in rent for agreeing to extend the lease beyond 2026. CONCACAF , the governing body of association football in North and Central America and the Caribbean, used to occupy the entire 17th floor. Qatar Airways , owned by the Qatari government , has rented commercial space in the tower since at least 2008, a fact that news media outlets noted when Executive Order 13769 suspended immigration from seven majority-Muslim countries but not from Qatar . From 2008 to October 2019,
1232-447: A separate glass structure outside the main tower. The final plan called for the building to contain 58 stories. The lowest six floors were to be occupied by the atrium, followed by 13 office floors above it, and 39 residential floors above the office floors. While creating the final design for Trump Tower, Scutt studied the designs of other skyscrapers, almost all having a similar architectural form . To make Trump Tower stand out from
1320-504: A swimming pool for one unit, and the removal of a wall with utilities inside it for another. Trump's then-wife, Ivana Trump , was involved in selecting some of the tower's minor details. Donald Trump and Res agreed to fulfill many of these requests, but they did not always agree on matters of design. In one case, Trump so hated the marble slabs at some of the tower's corners that he demanded they be removed completely, even at great cost; he eventually decided bronze panels should be placed over
1408-457: A tax break on the basis that Trump Tower did not replace an "underused" site, as was required under the 421-a tax exemption program. The New York Court of Appeals rejected the city's argument in 1984. Afterward, the city claimed Trump Tower's commercial space did not qualify for the exemption, but the Court of Appeals also rejected this argument in 1988. The city government then tried to reduce
1496-647: A tower at 56th Street and Fifth Avenue in Manhattan since childhood, but formulated plans to develop the site only in the mid-1970s, when he was in his thirties. At the time, the flagship store of Bonwit Teller , an architecturally renowned building built in 1929, occupied the lot. The site was next to Tiffany & Co. 's flagship building, which Trump considered the city's best real-estate property. Approximately twice every year, Trump contacted Bonwit Teller's parent company, Genesco , to ask whether they were willing to sell Bonwit Teller's flagship store. Trump said
1584-570: A variety of professional organizations. He was vice-chairman of the New York Building Congress for five years. He was the 1976 recipient of the Illuminating Engineering Society's Distinguished Service Award and was the first architect to receive that award. In 1979 he was elected to the prestigious and coveted Fellow Grade of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (I.E.S.N.A.) Scutt
1672-399: A year, he transferred and received his master's degree in architecture from Yale University . In 1961 he joined Edward Durell Stone . From 1962 to 1965, Scutt worked for Paul Rudolph and managed Rudolph's New York office. From 1965 to 1975, Scutt was an associate with Kahn and Jacobs, where he designed One Astor Plaza . He joined Poor Swanke Hayden & Connell Architects in 1975 and was
1760-460: Is a private elevator between the penthouse and Trump's office. Trump uses the building for meetings, such as in April 2024 with President of Poland Andrzej Duda and former Prime Minister of Japan Taro Aso . Angelo Donghia provided the original black-and-white, brass-and-mahogany design for the penthouse, which was later replaced with a gold-and-Greek-column design after Trump reportedly saw
1848-630: Is adjacent to the Tiffany & Co. flagship store to the north and 590 Madison Avenue to the east. Other nearby buildings include the LVMH Tower and Fuller Building to the northeast; the L. P. Hollander & Company Building to the north; the Bergdorf Goodman Building and Solow Building to the northwest; the Crown Building to the west; 712 Fifth Avenue and the townhouses at 10 and 12 West 56th Street to
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#17327654432831936-487: Is at the base, where the southwest corner has several stepped setbacks. The Trump Organization constructed terraces on the building's setbacks in exchange for extra floor area. These were included as part of Trump's agreement with the city during construction. There is a terrace on the fifth floor on the northern (57th Street) side of the building, with a smaller fourth-floor terrace on the southern (56th Street) side. The fifth-floor north-side terrace had several trees and
2024-493: Is located on top of this building, which housed the NikeTown store from 1994 until 2018. In 2018, the luxury jeweler Tiffany & Co. subleased the five-story, 74,000 sq. ft. space until 2022 while Tiffany's own building next door was being renovated. During and after the 2016 U.S. presidential election , opponents of Trump's election created petitions to relocate the NikeTown store, whose lease ran through 2022. Nike closed
2112-619: The Industrial and Commercial Bank of China operated a bank branch with 100 employees on three rented floors of Trump Tower, for approximately $ 2 million a year. The bank rented 25,356 square feet, making it the third-largest tenant after Gucci and the Trump Corporation. It paid $ 95.48 per square foot in 2012. Forbes estimated that the bank paid about $ 3.9 million in rent in 2017 and 2018. Eric Trump said in October 2019 that
2200-686: The Roure Bertrand Dupont United States headquarters in New Jersey . Scutt's major high rise office building renovations include those at 505 Park Avenue , 625 Madison Avenue, 575 Lexington Avenue, 1633 Broadway , 57 West 57th Street, 823 United Nations Plaza, 555 Fifth Avenue , the world corporate headquarters of International Flavors and Fragrances, and 1615 L Street in Washington, D.C. Scutt participated actively as an author, lecturer, teacher, and officer in
2288-742: The South Street Seaport Museum acquired the Der Scutt Collection of Ocean Liner models and memorabilia. In 1996, the Reading Public Museum featured a major retrospective exhibit of Der Scutt's work and published the first comprehensive book on his work. Scutt was a trustee of the South Street Seaport Museum from 1991 to 2006, and a trustee of the South Street Seaport Museum Foundation until his death. He
2376-626: The air rights over Tiffany's flagship store to prevent another developer from tearing down the store and building a taller building. Trump then needed to convince the New York City Department of City Planning , Manhattan Community Board 5 , and the New York City Board of Estimate to rezone the area for his planned tower. In 1979, the New York Committee for a Balanced Building Boom had opposed
2464-519: The penthouse where the Trump family lived . The atrium was originally supposed to be furnished with multiple 40-foot (12 m), 3,000-pound (1,400 kg) trees, which were transported at a cost of $ 75,000, but Trump, who supposedly did not like how the trees looked, personally cut them down after impatiently waiting for contractors to remove them via a tunnel. Retail outlets include Gucci's flagship store at ground level. The terrace accessible from
2552-407: The "boxy" International Style buildings being erected at the time, Scutt designed the tower as a 28-faced edifice with an "inverted pyramid of cubes" at the base. This design received mixed reviews from critics: although it was widely praised as creative, many reviewers also believed the tower could be covered in masonry to blend in with neighboring buildings, or that its height should be reduced for
2640-400: The 300,000 square feet (28,000 m ) of office space at up to $ 318 million; the tower itself was valued at $ 288 million. Trump took a ten-year, personally guaranteed $ 100 million mortgage loan on the building in 2012. Between 2014 and 2015, the building's valuation rose from $ 490 million to $ 600 million, making the tower the single most expensive property under Trump's ownership. In 2016,
2728-905: The Continental Insurance Corporation headquarters in New York City, and the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company Headquarters in Milwaukee . He was the design consultant for the Grand Hyatt New York . Scutt was born Donald Clark Scutt in Wyomissing, Pennsylvania , in 1934, near Reading . He attended the Wyomissing Polytechnic Institute and Penn State University . After working with Philip Johnson for
Trump Tower (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2816-593: The Equitable Life Assurance Company (now the AXA Equitable Life Insurance Company ) developed it. Although it is in one of Midtown Manhattan's special zoning districts , the tower was approved because it was to be built as a mixed-use development . Trump was permitted to add more stories to the tower in return for additional retail space and for providing privately owned public space on the ground floor,
2904-609: The Trump Organization , as well as the penthouse residence of its developer, the businessman and later U.S. president Donald Trump . Several members of the Trump family also live, or have lived, in the building. The tower stands on a plot where the flagship store of the department-store chain Bonwit Teller was formerly located. Der Scutt of Swanke Hayden Connell Architects designed Trump Tower, and Trump and
2992-521: The Trump Organization removed the public bench and installed a counter selling Trump-branded merchandise in the public space passageway inside the Fifth Avenue entrance. They were fined $ 2,500 in 2008 but the counter remained. By 2015, a second counter had been added. In 2016, the Trump Organization was fined $ 14,000 and ordered to remove the sales counters and reinstall the bench. The tower's public spaces are clad in 240 tons of Breccia Pernice,
3080-634: The Trump Tower location in August 1994, less than three years after it opened, due to its inability to pay the $ 8 million annual rent and taxes. Critics cited other factors, including the decision not to include merchandise from top French designers as the company's French locations had done. The Galeries Lafayette store was replaced with a Niketown location. By this time, most of the high-end retailers had moved out of Trump Tower, having been replaced with more upper-middle-class outlets such as Coach and Dooney & Bourke . In 2006, Forbes magazine valued
3168-407: The age of the building, and the protests that regularly occurred outside it. In 2022, Trump refinanced the building with $ 100 million from Axos Bank . The Italian fashion retailer Gucci is the biggest commercial tenant, renting 48,667 square feet (4,521.3 m ) along Fifth Avenue since 2007. Their rent in 2019 was $ 440 per square foot; Gucci renegotiated the lease in 2020 and received
3256-524: The amount of the exemption based on a more stringent method of calculation. In 1990, the New York Court of Appeals ruled that the New York City government had to give Trump $ 6.2 million in tax rebates. The flagship Bonwit Teller store remained as one of Trump Tower's retail offerings until March 1990, when its parent company declared bankruptcy and closed the Trump Tower location. In July of that year, Galeries Lafayette announced that it would sign
3344-460: The approval of Trump Tower has "legitimized a pushy kid nobody took seriously," while The Wall Street Journal wrote that Trump combined "a huckster's flair for hyperbole with a shrewd business and political sense," and The Village Voice said Trump "turn[s] political connections into private profits at public expense." The Trump Organization closed Bonwit Teller's flagship store in May 1979, and
3432-651: The bank was continuing to rent two floors. According to Forbes staff, by October 2020, Trump had received approximately $ 5.4 million from the China state-owned bank ICBC through its $ 1.9 million annual rent in Trump Tower. The monthly rent paid by the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign for its Trump Tower headquarters increased from $ 35,458 in March 2016 to $ 169,758 in August. From its launch in January 2017 until
3520-572: The brand's flagship building was sold to the Trump Organization for about $ 10 million. At the time, the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States owned the land, while Genesco had a long-term lease on the land, with 29 years remaining. If Trump were to buy the building, his tower's ownership could be transferred to Equitable in 2008, once the lease expired. Equitable initially refused to sell
3608-460: The building before its planned opening in early 1983. The grand opening of the atrium and stores was held on February 14, 1983, with the apartments and offices following shortly afterwards. The tower's forty ground-level stores opened for business on November 30, 1983. At the building's dedication, Mayor Koch said, "This is not your low-income housing project ... of which we need many. But we also need accommodations, uh, for those who can afford to pay
Trump Tower (disambiguation) - Misplaced Pages Continue
3696-535: The building of the Citigroup Center and the Grand Hyatt. Res was the first woman assigned to oversee a major New York City construction site. She was often ignored by subcontractors and suppliers who were new to the project, as they thought the person in charge of construction was a man. The head superintendent of the project was Anthony "Tony Raf" Rafaniello, who worked for HRH Construction. He
3784-432: The building's commercial spaces had earned Trump $ 336 million from 2000 through the end of 2018, amounting to over $ 20 million per year. Wells Fargo & Co. , the master servicer of the $ 100 million mortgage loan Trump took out in 2012, placed the tower on a debt watch list in September 2021 because its average occupancy had fallen to 78.9% from 85.9% at the end of 2020. Revenue was $ 33.7 million in 2020, $ 7.5 million in
3872-476: The building's owner, the Trump Organization , had neither applied for nor received a permit. The Trump Organization finally applied for a permit in 2015, but the New York City Department of Transportation reminded the Trump Organization of its "2015 notification regarding unauthorized structures" in July 2023. The 58-story Trump Tower was designed by Der Scutt of Swanke Hayden Connell Architects . Developed by
3960-410: The building. The public spaces in Trump Tower include the main lobby, the lower-level concourse and restrooms, and two outdoor terraces on the fourth and fifth floor. Under city law, POPS must be accessible from the street, provide a place to sit, and not require the public to purchase anything. The Trump Organization built a five-story, 15,000-square-foot (1,400 m ) atrium , which serves as
4048-470: The cafe contained food such as a "rubbery and overcooked" hamburger patty and some "inedible" steak fries. The reviewers at Eater also wrote that the bar offered a small, overpriced drink menu and snacks that "do little to affirm the luxury that the place aspires to." Vice magazine also reviewed the bar and found it to be overpriced, with "a strong pour of watered-down vodka and a few Manzanilla olives" costing twenty dollars. New York magazine, reviewing
4136-427: The cafe, found the food to be "safe classics" that contrasted with the cafe's grandeur. The building has thirteen office stories spanning floors 14 to 26, then another thirty-nine stories containing 263 residential condominiums on floors 30 to 68. Trump said he had placed the lowest residential story on floor 30 as part of a marketing strategy for all his towers, and that he "did not see why he should be forced to call
4224-547: The city's " Green New Deal ". The city threatened to fine Trump Organization for each year the infractions went unfixed. Originally, Trump only wanted to build an office building on the site, but the plot was in the Fifth Avenue special zoning district, which allowed more floor area for mixed-use towers with public space. In return for providing privately operated public space (POPS), Trump received floor area ratio (FAR) zoning bonuses that amounted to 105,436 square feet (9,795.3 m ), allowing him to add several floors to
4312-428: The city's least energy-efficient buildings per square foot. In 2017, Trump Tower's Energy Star score was 44 out of 100, below the city's overall median Energy Star score and lower than the 48 out of 100 score recorded in 2015. In May 2019 it was reported that eight of Trump's buildings in New York City, including Trump Tower, failed to meet the city's 2030 carbon emission standards, which were implemented as part of
4400-468: The commercial and retail spaces; the residential units were sold out within months of opening. After Trump's 2016 presidential campaign and subsequent election , the tower saw large increases in visitation, though security concerns required the area around the tower to be patrolled for several years. Trump Tower is at 721–725 Fifth Avenue in the northern section of Midtown Manhattan , on the east side of Fifth Avenue between East 56th and 57th Streets . It
4488-434: The construction costs. All the floors above the 20th used a roughly similar design, and each of these floors could be completed within two days. However, the floors below the 20th floor were all different, so each took several weeks to erect. Trump Tower had a low number of worker fatalities during construction. One worker died during the tower's excavation after a neighboring sidewalk collapsed. Another incident occurred when
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#17327654432834576-506: The destruction of the Bonwit Teller store's building, the flagship store itself was able to keep operating at the site, having signed a lease for 80,000 square feet (7,400 m ) within the lower-levels' shopping area. The controversy over the destruction of the Bonwit Teller decorations had largely passed: in August 1983, one New York Times reporter wrote that "the only negative comments about Donald Trump these days are given off
4664-497: The effective dimensions of the core to that of the building allowing the building to resist the overturning of lateral forces such as those caused by wind , minor earthquakes , and other impacts perpendicular to the building's height. The tower is a reinforced concrete shear wall core structure. At the time of its completion, it was the tallest structure of its type in the world. Trump Tower used 45,000 cubic yards (34,000 m ) of concrete and 3,800 tons of steelwork. The use of
4752-529: The end of 2018, the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign paid more than $ 890,000 in rent. In March 2021, the campaign's space on the 15th floor was taken over by one of Trump's PACs for $ 37,541.67 per month. The Trump Organization has its headquarters on the 25th and 26th floors. The Trump Organization holds a 100-year ground lease, set to expire in 2076, on an adjacent building, 6 East 57th Street, owned by Digby Management, known as 6 E. 57th Street Associates LLC. One of Trump Tower's public terraces (POPS)
4840-446: The fifth floor of Trump Tower is located on the roof (sixth floor) of 6 East 57th Street, with entrances from that building and from Trump Tower. The terraces on the upper floors are open during the opening hours of the retail businesses. Due to poor signage in the lobby, the upper-story POPs are difficult to find. The building contains several establishments for eating or drinking, including 45 Wine and Whiskey (formerly Trump Bar) in
4928-421: The filmmaker Vincent Gallo ; the art dealer Hillel "Helly" Nahmad , who bought a second apartment in the tower in July 2010; Juan Beckmann Vidal , the owner of the tequila brand Jose Cuervo ; and the actor Bruce Willis , who bought a $ 4.26 million apartment in 2007. Past tenants include Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier , the ex-president of Haiti who died in 2014, who was discovered to have lived in
5016-471: The first quarter of 2021. By early 2024, Gucci was the only large retailer in the tower's retail atrium, which had once contained up to 60 stores. Another analysis, publicized in February of the same year, found that the average per-square-foot cost of a condominium at Trump Tower had nearly halved from 2013 to early 2024. The decline in condo prices was attributed to competition from newer towers nearby,
5104-416: The first residential floor something mundane like the second floor, or even the 20th floor." Trump may also have numbered the residential floors because he disliked the fact that the nearby General Motors Building was 41 feet (12 m) taller. Many of the apartments are furnished, but some of the upper-floor commercial spaces come unfurnished. In the apartments, mirrors and brass are used throughout, and
5192-444: The first time he contacted Genesco, "they literally laughed at me." Genesco continued to decline his offers and, according to Trump, "they thought I was kidding." In 1977, John Hanigan became the new chairman of Genesco. He looked to sell off some assets to pay debts, and Trump approached him with an offer to buy the Bonwit Teller building. In early 1979, Genesco sold off many of the Bonwit Teller locations to Allied Stores , and
5280-424: The highest of any building along Fifth Avenue at the time, with retail space in the atrium costing $ 450 per square foot ($ 4,800/m ) per year. One writer for Vanity Fair magazine noted that as tenants were evicted from the tower's atrium due to high rents, several of them sued the Trump Organization for issues such as overbilling and illegal lease termination. The residential units were more successful, and 95% of
5368-483: The inspectors called "critical". The Trump Bar in the lobby of the tower was remodeled and renamed 45 Wine and Whiskey in 2021 and opened in November. It featured 39 photos of Trump, and the drinks were described as overpriced. Eater reviewed the three other establishments as well, finding them to be commonplace compared to Trump Tower's stature. The ice cream was described as "almost too soft to be scooped," and
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#17327654432835456-484: The kitchens are outfitted with "standard suburban" cabinets. The NBC television show The Apprentice was filmed in Trump Tower, on the fifth floor, in a fully functional television studio. The set of The Apprentice included the famous boardroom , which was prominently featured in the television show, where at least one person was fired at the end of each episode. Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., founded in 2015 to manage Trump's 2016 U.S. presidential campaign ,
5544-402: The land to Trump, but the Trump Organization bought the lease instead, and Equitable exchanged the land in return for a 50% stake in the construction project itself. This was more profitable for Equitable, since they were getting only $ 100,000 per year from Genesco for the use of the land, while a single residential condominium in the tower could be sold for millions of dollars. Trump also bought
5632-552: The lobby, and Trump's Ice Cream Parlor, Trump Cafe, and Trump Grill in the basement. Trump Grill was generally panned as gaudy-looking and the food bland-tasting. Vanity Fair called it a contender for "the worst restaurant in America," with different menus for different customers and "steakhouse classics doused with unnecessarily high-end ingredients." Eater rated the food as "totally unadventuresome and predictable, though competently prepared, like food you might find in
5720-501: The lower level, and two outdoor terraces. There were controversies during construction, including the destruction of historically important sculptures from the Bonwit Teller store; Trump's alleged underpaying of contractors; and a lawsuit that Trump filed because the tower was not tax-exempt. Construction on the building began in 1979. The atrium, apartments, offices, and stores opened on a staggered schedule from February to November 1983. At first, there were few tenants willing to move into
5808-404: The marble, but Res later said she refused to buy them. Trump Tower was one of the first skyscrapers with a concrete frame, along with Chicago's One Magnificent Mile engineered by Fazlur Rahman Khan in 1983. The contractors had to complete a floor before they started erecting the floor above it. Concrete was more expensive in New York City than anywhere else in the United States, which raised
5896-510: The more lavish house of the Saudi businessman Adnan Khashoggi . In a 1984 article in GQ magazine , Trump's first wife Ivana said the first floor of the penthouse had the living, dining, and entertainment rooms and kitchen; the second floor had their bedrooms and bathrooms as well as a balcony over the living room; and the third had bedrooms for the children, maids, and guests. Other residents include
5984-513: The number of visits to the tower had risen drastically, with many of the visitors being supporters of Trump's candidacy. Stores in the atrium sold campaign memorabilia such as hats, with the proceeds going toward funding his campaign. The tower gained popularity among New York City tourists in 2016, especially after Trump was elected president. In 2017, the city ordered the removal of two unauthorized kiosks in Trump Tower selling Trump's merchandise. The New York Times reported in 2020 that rent from
6072-415: The planned rezoning over fears Fifth Avenue's character would be changed by the construction of skyscrapers. Trump later said a positive review of the building by Ada Louise Huxtable , The New York Times ' architectural critic, had helped secure the support of some of the more skeptical members on each committee. The deal attracted some criticism from the media. A writer for New York magazine said
6160-445: The real-estate developer and later U.S. president Donald Trump , it is 664 feet (202 m) high. The top story is marked as "68" because, according to Trump, the five-story-tall public atrium occupied the height of ten ordinary stories. However, several Bloomberg L.P. writers later determined that Trump's calculations did not account for the fact the ceiling heights in Trump Tower were much taller than in comparable buildings, and
6248-492: The record." By then, there were forty high-end outfits that had opened stores in the tower. These included Buccellati , Charles Jourdan brands, Mondi , and Fila . Trump said in 1985 that there were more than a hundred stores wanting to move into a space in the tower. Around this time, he began describing the tower as "something of a New York landmark." By 1986, between 15% and 20% of the tower's original stores had closed or moved to another location. The commercial rents were
6336-430: The residential condominiums were sold in the first four months after it opened, despite their high prices. The cost of condominiums at the tower started at $ 600,000 and ranged up to $ 12 million, and the penthouse was sold for $ 15 million in 1985. The tower attracted many rich and famous residents, including Johnny Carson , David Merrick , Sophia Loren , and Steven Spielberg . In total, Trump received $ 300 million from
6424-459: The sale of the condominiums, which more than offset the $ 200 million cost of construction. By 1991, Trump was involved in lawsuits against residents: in October of that year, he successfully sued actor Pia Zadora and her husband, businessman Meshulam Riklis , to collect $ 1 million in unpaid rent. The city government, under mayor Ed Koch , challenged the validity of the tax breaks given to Trump Tower. The government originally tried to deny
6512-471: The same reason. The city ultimately accepted this design. HRH Construction was hired as the contractor on Trump Tower. The company would go on to build many of Trump's other real-estate developments. HRH hired several dozen subcontractors to work on different aspects of the building. Barbara Res , who had worked on some of Trump's other projects, was hired as the construction executive in October 1980. She had previously worked for HRH Construction during
6600-510: The southwest; and 550 Madison Avenue to the southeast. The building's main entrance is on Fifth Avenue, with a side entrance on 56th Street only for residents. On the sidewalk opposite the main entrance, there is a four-sided brown-and-beige clock, which was created by the Electric Time Company and is nearly 16 feet (4.9 m) tall. In August 2023, The New York Times wrote that the clock had been installed illegally, as
6688-428: The store in the spring of 2018 as previously planned and moved to its new flagship store on Fifth Avenue in November. Donald Trump, his wife Melania , and their son Barron maintain a three-story residence on the penthouse floors , covering about 11,000 square feet (1,000 m ). The tower was their primary residence until October 2019. The Trump Organization offices are on the 25th and 26th floors, and there
6776-402: The store was demolished by the next year. By late 1979, Allied had leased space for a Bonwit Teller store at the building's base. Meanwhile, Trump hired Der Scutt as the architect of Trump Tower in July 1978, a year before the Bonwit Teller site was purchased. Scutt had collaborated with Trump before to develop Grand Hyatt New York and several other projects. The architect initially proposed
6864-403: The subcontractors were hired, Rafaniello made sure they met once a week to ensure they were working on the same phase. Trump Tower's proposed mixed-use status posed obstacles during construction since there were different regulations for residential, commercial, and retail spaces. Several prospective commercial and residential tenants requested custom-made features, including the installation of
6952-507: The tower did not have any floors numbered 6–13. According to one author, the building may have as few as 48 usable stories. As of 2021 , the building's official owner is GMAC Commercial Mortgage, according to the New York City Department of City Planning . The 28-sided massing was intended to give the tower more window exposure. The large number of sides arises from Trump Tower's horizontal setbacks; this contrasts with other buildings, which typically have vertical setbacks . The exception
7040-417: The tower's 25th through 27th floors accidentally caught fire, slightly damaging a construction crane and delaying construction for two months. In May 1983, a glass windowpane fell from a crane installing windows on the tower, hitting two pedestrians, one of whom later died from a skull fracture. Trump Tower was topped out by July 1982, two-and-a-half years after the start of construction. Originally, it
7128-574: The tower's main lobby. The atrium is connected to the Fifth Avenue lobby to the west and 590 Madison Avenue's atrium to the east. Under the POPS agreement, the atrium is supposed to be open to the public from 8 a.m. to 10 p.m. seven days a week. When the tower opened, the Fifth Avenue Association awarded the first-prize "mixed use building" award to the atrium, the association's first such award in five years. Sometime prior to 2008,
7216-619: The tower's value dropped from $ 630 million to $ 471 million due to a 20% reduction in the tower's operating income and a further 8% decline in the overall value of real estate in Manhattan. Because of the $ 100 million debt, Forbes magazine calculated that Trump's equity stake in the tower stood at $ 371 million, excluding the Trumps' three-story penthouse, which has a net floor area of 10,996 square feet (1,021.6 m ). After Trump launched his 2016 presidential campaign at Trump Tower in 2015,
7304-717: Was a fellow of the American Institute of Architects . As the project designer for numerous corporate and institutional buildings and interiors, Scutt's work has been published in magazines, newspapers, professional journals and popular magazines — both in the United States and internationally. In November 1981, The New York Times Magazine cover photograph included Scutt as one of New York City's prominent master architects, along with John Burgee , Cesar Pelli , Philip Johnson , Edward Barnes , and Raúl de Armas . In 1984, two magazines, Interiors and The Designer , published cover stories on Scutt. In 1987 Der Scutt
7392-405: Was estimated the tower would cost $ 100 million to build. The total cost ended up being approximately twice that; this included $ 125 million in actual construction costs and $ 75 million for other expenditures such as insurance. Trump bought full-page advertisements in multiple newspapers and magazines to advertise his new tower. The first tenants included Asprey and Ludwig Beck, who moved into
7480-487: Was headquartered within part of the space where The Apprentice was filmed; unlike the former boardroom, the headquarters is unfurnished, with some offices containing "only drywall and no door". After Trump's successful election, the campaign was moved out of the tower and into office space in Arlington, Virginia , where his unsuccessful 2020 re-election campaign was headquartered. Donald Trump had envisioned building
7568-399: Was in charge of coordinating construction based on the site's blueprints. Rafaniello was supported by five assistant superintendents, including Jeff Doynow, who was one of the first "concrete supervisors" to be hired for the construction of a skyscraper. After Rafaniello was hired for the Trump Tower project in September 1980, he spent a week planning a three-phase construction schedule. Once
7656-575: Was selected by a group of prestigious architects to be included in the international bibliography, Contemporary Architects . He was a visiting critic in architectural design at Harvard University , Yale University , and Washington University in St. Louis . He also served on numerous design juries for the AIA, IESNA, Concrete Industry Board of New York, Progressive Architecture and The Tucker National Architecture Awards. In 1989, Scutt bought his first ship model at
7744-428: Was the decision to use a concrete superstructure. The other was the decision to design it as a mixed-use building as part of the Fifth Avenue special zoning district. As originally planned, the tower was to have 60 stories consisting of 13 office floors, 40 residential floors, and two floors for mechanical uses, but this was later amended. The base was to be made of limestone, while the building's elevators were to be in
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