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19-498: Trashigang District ( Dzongkha : བཀྲ་ཤིས་སྒང་རྫོང་ཁག་; Wylie : Bkra-shis-sgang rdzong-khag ; also spelled "Tashigang") is Bhutan 's easternmost dzongkhag (district). The population of the district is mainly Sharchop , which means "easterner" in Dzongkha , the national language. The dominant language of Trashigang is Tshangla (Sharchopkha) , the lingua franca of eastern Bhutan. Two significant minority languages are spoken in

38-555: A close linguistic relationship to J'umowa, which is spoken in the Chumbi Valley of Southern Tibet . It has a much more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan . Spoken Dzongkha and Tibetan are around 50% to 80% mutually intelligible, with the literary forms of both highly influenced by the liturgical (clerical) Classical Tibetan language, known in Bhutan as Chöke, which has been used for centuries by Buddhist monks . Chöke

57-655: A distinct set of rules." The following is a sample vocabulary: The following is a sample text in Dzongkha of Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights : འགྲོ་ ’Gro- བ་ ba- མི་ mi- རིགས་ rigs- ག་ ga- ར་ ra- དབང་ dbaṅ- ཆ་ cha- འདྲ་ ’dra- མཏམ་ mtam- འབད་ ’bad- སྒྱེཝ་ sgyew- ལས་ las- ག་ ga- ར་ ra- གིས་ gis- གཅིག་ Laya dialect Laya ( Dzongkha : ལ་ཡ་ཁ་, ལ་ཡག་ཁ་; Wylie : la-ya-kha , la-yag-kha )

76-633: A more distant relationship to Standard Tibetan . Spoken Dzongkha and Tibetan are around 50 to 80 percent mutually intelligible . Dzongkha and its dialects are the native tongue of eight western districts of Bhutan ( viz. Wangdue Phodrang , Punakha , Thimphu , Gasa , Paro , Ha , Dagana and Chukha ). There are also some native speakers near the Indian town of Kalimpong , once part of Bhutan but now in North Bengal , and in Sikkim . Dzongkha

95-530: A sacred footprint said to be either that of Guru Rimpoche or that of a khandroma (angel). Rangjung , 16 km east of the district capital, is the site of Rangjung Ösel Chöling Monastery, established by Dungse Garab Dorje Rinpoche in 1989. The temple contains particularly fine images of Padmasambhava , Shantarakshita and Chögyal Trisong Detsen (Khen-Lop-Chö sum). Trashigang Districts is divided into fifteen village blocks (or gewogs ): The Sakteng Wildlife Sanctuary , one of ten protected areas of Bhutan ,

114-558: Is a Tibetic variety spoken by indigenous Layaps inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya , Gasa District . Speakers also inhabit the northern regions of Thimphu ( Lingzhi Gewog ) and Punakha Districts . Its speakers are ethnically related to the Tibetans . Most speakers live at an altitude of 3,850 metres (12,630 ft), just below the Tsendagang peak. Laya speakers are also called Bjop by

133-422: Is a primary route for Bhutanese trade with India. Towns include Trashigang (the district capital), Radi , Rangjung , and Phongmey . The district produces rice and lavender . There are several tourist packages to Bhutan that include trips from Thimphu to Trashigang, despite the 17-hour journey from the capital over the rough and dangerous Lateral Road . Trashigang is also the site of Sherubtse College ,

152-471: Is often elided and results in the preceding vowel nasalized and prolonged, especially word-finally. Syllable-final /k/ is most often omitted when word-final as well, unless in formal speech. In literary pronunciation, liquids /r/ and /l/ may also end a syllable. Though rare, /ɕ/ is also found in syllable-final positions. No other consonants are found in syllable-final positions. Many words in Dzongkha are monosyllabic . Syllables usually take

171-588: Is the official and national language of Bhutan . It is written using the Tibetan script . The word dzongkha means "the language of the fortress", from dzong "fortress" and kha "language". As of 2013 , Dzongkha had 171,080 native speakers and about 640,000 total speakers. Dzongkha is a South Tibetic language . It is closely related to Laya and Lunana and partially intelligible with Sikkimese , and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha , Brokpa , Brokkat and Lakha . It has

190-400: Is usually a trill [ r ] or a fricative trill [ r̝ ] , and is voiceless in the onsets of high-tone syllables. /t, tʰ, ts, tsʰ, s/ are dental . Descriptions of the palatal affricates and fricatives vary from alveolo-palatal to plain palatal. Only a few consonants are found in syllable-final positions. Most common among them are /m, n, p/ . Syllable-final /ŋ/

209-587: Is usually written in Bhutanese forms of the Uchen script , forms of the Tibetan script known as Jôyi "cursive longhand" and Jôtshum "formal longhand". The print form is known simply as Tshûm . There are various systems of romanization and transliteration for Dzongkha, but none accurately represents its phonetic sound. The Bhutanese government adopted a transcription system known as Roman Dzongkha , devised by

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228-406: The Bhutanese, sometimes considered a condescending term. There were 1,100 speakers of Laya in 2003. Laya is a variety of Dzongkha , the national language of Bhutan. There is a limited mutual intelligibility with Dzongkha, mostly in basic vocabulary and grammar. This Sino-Tibetan languages -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about Bhutan

247-580: The far eastern region of the district: the East Bodish Dakpa language and the Southern Bodish Brokpa language . Dakpa is spoken by descendants of yakherding communities, and may in fact be a divergent dialect of Brokpake , heavily influenced by Dzalakha . While it has no major urban area, Trashigang has the densest population in Bhutan. It used to be part of an important trade route connecting Assam to Tibet , and still

266-486: The form of CVC, CV, or VC. Syllables with complex onsets are also found, but such an onset must be a combination of an unaspirated bilabial stop and a palatal affricate. The bilabial stops in complex onsets are often omitted in colloquial speech. Dzongkha is considered a South Tibetic language . It is closely related to and partially intelligible with Sikkimese , and to some other Bhutanese languages such as Chocha Ngacha , Brokpa , Brokkat and Lakha . Dzongkha bears

285-479: The linguist George van Driem , as its standard in 1991. Dzongkha is a tonal language and has two register tones: high and low. The tone of a syllable determines the allophone of the onset and the phonation type of the nuclear vowel. All consonants may begin a syllable. In the onsets of low-tone syllables, consonants are voiced . Aspirated consonants (indicated by the superscript h ), /ɬ/ , and /h/ are not found in low-tone syllables. The rhotic /r/

304-471: The original college within the Royal University of Bhutan system. Trashigang Dzong , or fortress, was built in 1659 by the third Druk Desi Chögyal Mingyur Tenpa to defend against Tibetan invaders. Because of its altitude, invading armies remarked that "it is not a dzong on the ground, it is in the sky". An ancient lhakhang or temple in the district, known for its rock garden , contains

323-503: Was created in part to protect the migoi , a type of yeti in whose existence most Bhutanese believe. The sanctuary covers the eastern third of the district (the gewogs of Merag and Sakteng ), and is connected via biological corridor to Khaling Wildlife Sanctuary in Samdrup Jongkhar District to the south. Dzongkha Dzongkha ( རྫོང་ཁ་ ; [d͡zòŋkʰɑ́] ) is a Tibeto-Burman language that

342-522: Was declared the national language of Bhutan in 1971. Dzongkha study is mandatory in all schools, and the language is the lingua franca in the districts to the south and east where it is not the mother tongue. The Bhutanese films Travellers and Magicians (2003) and Lunana: A Yak in the Classroom (2019) are in Dzongkha. The Tibetan script used to write Dzongkha has thirty basic letters , sometimes known as "radicals", for consonants . Dzongkha

361-439: Was used as the language of education in Bhutan until the early 1960s when it was replaced by Dzongkha in public schools. Although descended from Classical Tibetan, Dzongkha shows a great many irregularities in sound changes that make the official spelling and standard pronunciation more distant from each other than is the case with Standard Tibetan. "Traditional orthography and modern phonology are two distinct systems operating by

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